INDIVIDUAL PROJECT

NAME: MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN MD SHAH

STUDENT ID: ZP 04173

SUBJECT: BUSINESS ETHICS & GOVERNANCES

LECTURER: TUAN HAJI AHMAD ZAKIE AHMAD SHARIFF

DAY 1

12 September 2018 is my first day class at University Kebangsaan Malaysia Graduate School
Business (UKM-GSB) which is I was taught about Business Ethics & Governance subject. This
subject was being lectured by Tuan Haji Ahmad Zaki Bin Ahmad Shariff. There’s many things
that I learn from Tuan Haji Ahmad Zaki Bin Ahmad Shariff like about the way to persuade any
peoples by using the “Aristotle Rhetoric”, The case about Turing Pharmaceuticals, The Roots of
Ethics, why we need to study Business Ethics & Governance?

About the Aristotle Rhetoric, it was created by The Greek philosopher Aristotle that divided the
means of persuasion into three categories which is Ethos, Pathos, Logos. Ethos(Credibility) is
more on the character of the speaker. Pathos(Emotional) is using by emotional states to
persuades the reader's emotions. Logos (Logical) means persuading by the use of reasoning.
An example, Ali having some diseases that are incurable that called as AIDS and want to get
the solution to cure his problem. So when he goes to the one of the famous clinic that known as
Columbia Western, he meets the Dr. Ananda and there is some achievement that has been
achieved by Dr. Ananda on curing AIDS diseases, and this part called as Ethos. When the Dr.
Ananda give some consultation to Ali that his disease can be cured and this part will be known
as Pathos because Dr. Ananda give some best feeling to Ali. The Logos part was when Ali said
how long it takes to cure this diseases and Dr. Ananda said it will take around 1 years because
need to do a lot of treatment to make sure the AIDS 100% cured. In my opinion, I am agreed
with this kind of theory which is this theory are really logically can be implement in our life
because without those 3 things in our life, it will be hard for us to persuade any peoples even
our closest friend too.

Beside that our lecturer also taught us about some cases that make the student think whether
this cases types are an ethical or unethical. An example, Turing Pharmaceutical was a
pharmaceutical company that are located at Switzerland and the founder of this company are
Martin Shkreli. This company has taken the Daraprim a medication that approved by the Food,
Drug &Administration (FDA) in 1953 from Impax Laboratories for US$55 million. Daraprim was
as an anti-malarial and an anti-parasitic pills to treat patients with AIDS-related and AIDS-
unrelated toxoplasmosis. Before this pills only sold for $13.50 per tablet but Martin Shkreli has
increases the prices from $13.50 to $750 per tablet. So our lecturer asking us whether this thing
are ethical or unethical things to do toward the community, so most of us saying that this thing is
unethical part to do because many peoples will be dying because can’t be paid due to high
prices. But on the “Turing Pharmaceutical” side, they need to do this because this company
need to pay to their shareholder that invest $55 million dollar to bought Darapim patern. With
this case, I couldn’t agree with this kind of behavior of Martin Shkreli toward the patient that
having incurable diseases because i know that the investor already invest a big amount of
money to get the pattern of Darapim but it is unethical way to double up the price to 5600% for a
pills

In this class, I have also learned about the Root of ethics which is how does the ethics getting
involved in our society.

 The Environment in which we grew up

 The Culture that we were exposed to
 The Education by which we were trained

Those three things will be put together to form an ethical way in our society. An example, the
culture of of India and Malaysia culture are different because if we try to sell a food that focus on
meat at India this will become unethical issue to them because meat is taken from the cow
which is an animal that are sacred to their religion but if we sell meat at Malaysia there will be
no problem at all because due to those 3 things. So, in my opinion, those 3 things will impact to
our ethical way toward other peoples because the environment, culture, and education of any
countries are different.

In this class also I have been taught why we need to learn Business Ethics? Business ethics is
applying a moral code to business operations and decision making and also recognizing that
there is right and wrong in business. A good thing that we know will improved or life as well as
our company, if we practice the good ethics toward our company, we can improve our company
reputation, become a better businessman which is not only for profit but we need to share our
profit to communities such doing Community Service Responsibility (CSR) so we can have
balanced the profit and social consciousness to make a world a better place.

In Conclusion, from my understanding in this class, being ethical is a must in every of us

because without practices the ethical side in ourselves we can’t build a great community
because ethics teach us to choose whether want to choose the right decision or wrong decision.
Day 2

On 13 September 2018 is my second day of Business Ethics and Governance class which is
being handled by the same lecture Tuan Haji Ahmad Zaki. Today our lectured are more on how
to handle an ethical dilemma, the important things in business transaction, The United Nations
Global Compact, and Ethical Leadership traits

Ethical dilemmas situations when an individual or a group need to make a decision about which
course of action is best. So to handle this kind of dilemmas, there will be four types of theories
which is The Divine Command, The Ethical Egoism, The Utilitarian and The Moral Relatives.
From my understanding of the divine command is an action's status as morally good is
equivalent to whether it is commanded by God. The second is, The Ethical Egoism is declaring
that self-interest defines what is good or right which is what they should do for their own
benefits. The third is the Utilitarian Theory that concerned with the consequences of ethical
decisions but the ethical decision is dependent upon the end of the actions whether the bad
choices will create the good things or the good choice will make something getting worst. The
last is The Moral Relativist is depending on time and place ethics which is an arson are a crime
if it’s make the drug pusher go away from our community. So, in here I can see that every of us
need to choose either one theories when facing dilemmas in making decision, because our
decision also will give great impression or bad impression to others people mind.

The things that a must in a business transaction which is Trust, Empathy, Fairness, Self-Control
& truthfulness. Tuan Haji Ahmad Zaki has been told us “Trust” are the the most important things
to make in any business transaction which is he was the one of the Director of UEM that have a
project on doing highway at Yaman but the UEM has lost millions of Ringgit Malaysia because
UEM has make a deal to bring the cement bag from Malaysia to Yaman that known as
KESIMA to build the highway and the Yaman company accept their deals but after the UEM
bring all the cements they Yaman company don’t use it and at the end all the bags become a
concrete. In this learning too, I agreed that trust is very important than others because trust is a
critical success factor for a business without the trust the reputation of the company will drop
and it will effect to the performances of company too especially on financial because the
shareholders of the company will be afraid to continue the deal with the company that having a
trust issues.
However, Tuan Haji Zaki saids that if we speak alone no one will hear but if you speak in
community everyone will hear it. So he gave a lectured about “The United Nation’s Global
Compact” that is an initiative to encourage businesses worldwide to adopt sustainable
and socially responsible policies, and to report on their implementation. The UN Global
Compact is a principle-based framework for businesses, stating ten principles in the areas
of human rights, labor, the environment and anti-corruption. So if I have a company, it would be
great for me participate this UN Global Compact because I’m not a person that only think about
profit because in my mind every profit need to share too communities so every peoples have a
smile to continue their life.

Ours lecturer taught us about the traits to be an ethical leadership which is need to have the
strong personal character which is never give up such as mother Teresa until she can create
own border. The second is to be proactive which is a leader must be a thinker or critical thinker
because not everyone can be a thinker and most of us just want to be of follower only. The third
is must be the role models for the organization values because to be good leader, it must be
lead with good example to follow. The forth is the leader transparent and actively involved in
decision-making which is need to courage to make any decision whether bad or good. The last
is the leader must have holistic view of the firm’s ethical culture which is the leader need to
develop the ethical culture for the whole organization. In my view, to be an ethical leader we
need to take care of every step that we do because we are the role model that will be an
example to our followers.

In Conclusion, in every aspect we need to have an ethics to produces a great environment not
only for individual but for organization too. There are some great words that came out from Tuan
Haji Ahmad Zaki that said “If you have an eyesight but you don’t have a vision in your life, its
better you don’t need an eyesight for the whole of your life “which is if you have a great
capability but don’t have the vision or objective that you want to achieve in your life, you couldn’t
go far.
Day 3

18 September 2018 were my last learning with Tuan Haji Ahmad Zaki before I start the exam on
the next day. Today were teaching us about corporate governance and social responsibility and
sustainability.

Corporate governance is the system of rules, practices and processes by which an organization
is directed and controlled. So there’s a reason why every company should have governance in
our organization such as by improving the corporate performance, broadens a business focus
on the financial bottom line to include social and environmental considerations that known as
“3’P’s People, Planet, Profit”, enhance the trust of investor to contribute to our organization,
reduced the corruption as low as possible. So in my opinion, if the corporate governance were
executed effectively, it can prevent corporate scandals, fraud and the civil and criminal liability of
the company.

The second is about social responsibility & sustainability which is enabling the companies to
incorporate creation of social and environmental, as well as economic, value into core strategy
and operations. This improves management of business risks and opportunities while
enhancing long-term social and environmental sustainability. For the example, most of peoples
couldn’t make a great charity like sending a millions ringgit to help orphanage kid around
Malaysia, but if there’s some product that want to be sell like Coke or Pepsi and for sure this two
carbonate drinks have a similar taste and Pepsi are telling that every 10% from the total prices
of bottle will be send to poor peoples around Malaysia, so as customer will buy the Pepsi water
rather than buying Coke that only for profit only. So when Pepsi do this thing the rate to sustain
will be increase because peoples will be look as Pepsi are not only focus for profit but for social
and environment too.

As a conclusion, corporate governance is good to be implement in each of organization to make

the company become more successfully because any rules, the reputation can be getting drop.
Besides that, social responsibility and sustainability give a lot benefit to company such as
increase the reputation, attract more investor, customers, client or user improve the
relationships with companies, government, the media and others too.
My CREDO

As a young man that is 24 years old that has a set a belief that I hold to motivates me every day. I always
think that what I can give to society since I have been on this world. For me, it’s really important to set a
belief in ourselves because without having it peoples will don’t respect on you, and you will have
demoralized by them.

I believe that everyone will have this set of belief which is a trust. Become a trustworthy are the most
honorable things and ethical way to become a good person. For me, a trust is very important to have a
great relationship with others people. A trust also will make me decide whether I need to treat him with
kindness or badness. I don’t like to the peoples who break my trust because this thing will make me go
away from them as far as I can.

I believe that exercise are really important things to do in my life because we only one life and one body
that need be taken carefully to the end of my life. An exercise will give a lot of boost to our body such as
feeling great all days, reduces the risk of bad diseases like heart attack, high blood pressure, diabetes and
many more. Let say if u were 30 years old and never exercise and after getting medical checkup, the
doctor said, you are only to have live about 3 months because of incurable diseases happen to you.
What will do you feel after that? You will be gaining more stress and depress. That is why the exercise are
really important in our life, at least 4 times per week. Death will come anytime but no one wants to die
on hospital because of some diseases and this is why I said exercise will have reduced every risk of
diseases.

I believe on great effort to become a better person. Most of peoples think they cannot change their
lifestyle from poor to rich, stupid to intelligent, ugly to beauty. All that things take time to make it
happen and need an effort to achieve it. As you can see right now, let say you are come from poor family
and want to be rich, you can decide whether you want to improve yourself or not because everything
come from our heart and believe in ourselves. If you believe it can be happening, you need an extra
effort to become rich peoples such as joining the insurance company, become a stockbroker, join the
property teams and many more. Its only need an extra effort to achieve all what you want.
And the last is I believe in my religion. Islam is the most complete religion in this world. Islam has teach
me many things to do such as , prayers , reciting Al-Quran , follow the Sunnah of our prophets
Muhammad S.A.W. Prayers will teach you to become discipline and always punctual when the prayers
started. Al-Quran is known as a torch in the dark room that will show you everything that you want
know. And the last is our prophet Muhammad S.A.W, he has left the Sunnah for us just to follow because
everything that he do is the best way to become a great Muslim.