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tWV aopavwv 7 - 15 µea6KOKKQ (yapµn[AL)
15-30 xovop6KOKKa (aKupa)

rLa va TtPOKU~EL n KOKKOOLaSa8µ1..an tflc; KOIJTIUAl"}c; ETI LAOVnc; TtPETtEL v'a-


vaµLXTOUV µt Ka8wpLoµevn dvar.ovla .

6. IIAP.All.EirMA MEAETHE EYN8EEEQ[

OLVOVTOL e'Avtoxn OtOTLKf\c; IJEAEtl")c;: 160 kg/cm 2


•~L08EO Lµa µtoo cruµnuKVWOl")c;: EOWTEPLKOc; OOVl")Tnc;

•~LaotaoeLc; crToLxetwv: ooKol 20 x ~o, 6nf\1..crµ6c; 4W1 6

•'Opyavwcrn tpyoi:a~lou: µti:p1..a


2
npooBLoPL<:ov- • Avi:oxn µeAttnc;: 160 x 1,30 = 240 kg/cm
taL 9EpyooLµ6tnTa: 6 cm Ka81..crn (slump)

-24-
1. KOKKOOLOl368µLOl1 aiJpavwv

KOKKOµETPLKEC
O£Lyµcl"cwv
KAA:lMA 0-0,2 0' 2-1 1-3 3-7 7- 15 15-30
OUV KPOt'OUµ£VO 800 1900 1700 600 0 0
ffAµµoc %
II 16 38 34 12 0 0
(5 kg)
OL£PX6µ£VO % 16 54 88 100 100 100
OUVKPm:ouµ£VO 0 0 0 2500 2500 0
rapµnLAL
II

( 5 kg) % ·O 0 0 50 50 0
oL£Px6µEvo % 0 0 0 50 100 100
OUVKParnuµEVO 0 0 0 0 2250 2350
XOALKL
II

( 5 kg) % 0 0 0 0 45 55
oLEPx6µEvo % 0 0 0 0 45 10 0

ava'Aoyla
avaiJL~£WC WAµµoc rapµni.t.L Xa.AlKL (1)x0,5 (2)x0,2 (3lx0,3 (4)+(5)+(6 Ell
( 1) ( 2) ( 3) (4) (5) (6) ( 7)

0,02 16 0 0 8 0 0 8 8
1 54 0 0 27 0 0 27 27
3 88 0 0 44 0 0 44 44
7 100 50 0 50 10 0 60 60
15 100 100 45 50 20 13,5 83,5 78
30 100 100 100 50 20 30 100 100

0,88 X = 44 (X+Y+Z) } x = 0,50


100 X + 0,50Y = 0,60(X+Y+Z) ~ y = 0,20
X+Y+Z = 1 z= 0 '30

-25-
0 02

2. LlOKLµaa-rLKa µ[yµa -ra (auv8£aeu:)


..
~ ~uvet:a11 · 2 • f,Li_L~ = 210 kg/ cm 2 So11811nK6 .
W0 = 0,65
0 iSLaypaµµa '
...__, .....
•fL6 s lum~ = 6 cm 5 La5o~LKEC ~
5oKLµec

noa6-r11-ra a5pavwv:
Bapoc a5pavwv 2350 - 300 - 195 = 1855 kg
"Aµµo c 1855 x 0,50 = 928 kg
fapµnLAL 1855 x 0,20 = 370 kg
XaALKL 1855 x 0,30 = 556 kg

~UV8cOl) ~ 1 • noafrr11Ta TO'Lµ EVTOU: z1 = 250 kg

OLaBo~LKEC
fLa slump = 6 cm 5oKLµec '>
_NL=_ __210_ kg

w1 -- N1/l 1 -- 180/250 = 0, 72

Bapo c aopavwv 2300 - 250 - 180 = 1870


"Aµuoc 1870 x 0,50 = 935 ky
rapuLAL 1870 x 0,20 = 374 kg
XaAt'..KL 1870 x 0,30 = 561 kg

-26-
2uv8£0l1 2 2 • noo6Tl1TO TOLµEVTOU: z2 = 350 kg

fL6 slump = 6 cm ~~~~~f~KECr N2 = 205 kg


w2 = N2;z 2 = 0,59
0 B6poc 65pav~v: 2380 ~ 350 - 205 = 1825
·Aµµoc 1825 x 0,50 = 912 kg
fapµnlAL 1825 X 0,20 = 365 kg
XOALKL 1825 x 0,30 = 547 kg

2uv8c:an 20 2uv8c:ori 2 1 2uv8c:ori 2


2
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2 210 155 317
:c
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0
I-
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c::(
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M. O 208 158 318
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z
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0 0...
3 2,32 2,29 2,37
z c::(
....... co
c::(
4 2' 31 2,29 2,38
e
M.O 2,32 2,28 2,37

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25
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1.5 '-------'----'--'-'---.._____....J.__.__~
050 060 070 cu

5. 'AnaLl:ouµ£vn noo6-crn:a v£po0,1GLp.~"'o\J

6 • . Anavro6µ£Vll nocr6-cri-ca aopavwv

A :::. 2'"!>2. -)~Q -\'Yt -=.. \'b\~ \c:.~

Aµl-lD£; = \~ \~ x o_,s 0 -==.. °:i c ~ %:-\)

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XaALJi L -= >..ta>..~ ><- ... ,~o -::. S 4 '5' ~""o

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a/a H/D 8paua£w~ Ku'3ou

1 '1 0 320 0, 925 346


n2

1 '16 277 0, 935 296


n3

n-!) 1 '03 309 0' 915 338

LLL) 'Aval\uan TWV OTIOT£l\£aµ6twv KaTa TOV KaVOVLaµ6 DIN 1045 µtpo~ 2 .

a/a H/D
i:aan p av . avi::oxn
8pauae:wc Ku'3ou

n2 1 , 10 320 1 '05 336

n3 1 '16 277 1'08 299

n .. 1'03 309 1'02 315


::>

LV) 'Avaywyn i::n~ avi::oxn~ l:WV nupnvwv at auµ'3ai::LKn OVtOXn auµqJWVa µt


i::6 axt"6LO npooLaypac.pn~ TEE/ENO 2000:

a/a H/D
Toan p av. avi:oxn
8pauae:w~
KU fjou

n2 1 '1 0 320 0,88 513

n3 1 '1 6 277 0,89 449

ns 1'03 309 0,86 484

K
0
= 0,85 K = 0,80
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-184-
v) ~UVKEVtPWtLKO

av. avi:oxn av. avtoxn ouµf3anKh


a/a avtoxti
K01:0 DIN 1048 Kata
Kata ASTM C-42 EN0/2000
( I ) ( 2 ) ( 3)

n2 346 336 513

n3 296 299 449

ns 338 315 484

~nµetwvetaL OtL OL crtnAEC (1) KOL (2) olvouv EKtLµncrn tnc avtoxnc
Oti]v KOtOOKeui] evw ti crttiAn (3) EKtLµnon tnC ouµf3attKnC avtoxnc KOL
yt'a0t6 otv ELVOL OUVKPlOLµec.

~·oAouc touc n~pnvec napatnPnBnKe oxettKa µtKPn nocr6tnta xovtpwv a-


opavwv (D = 10 - 30 cm) KOL LOLOltepa OtOUC nupnvec n4, n5 KaL n6 .
Pwyµtc µetai;U aopavwv KOL tOLµEVtOKOVL6µatoc Mv napatnp ' nBnKav.
0( nupnvec n4 , n5 KaL n6 eµ~avt~av aKoupo xpwµa np6c t6 Ka~t .

n•. n... ,n , ~nupliv~~ iino IOV


KQIQOK&Un

n.~nupOVQ~ DOO UYIO KOIO


OK£UO

C'UVKpitl Kn anEJKOVncrn XOV tpcilv afipovibv

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aKpo OX£TLKO OXL oacpn
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cpo TO aopovn
* TLC EVO£L~£LC TI£PL un XPOVLKnc £~tAL~nc IWV pwyµwv
* T6 µ£yaAO TIOOOOT6 A£TITWV aopOVWV
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* T6 OX£TLKO U£VOAO XP6VO avoµL~£WC (n£plnTWOr] ETOLUOU OK/TOC)
* TO OTOLX£LO VLO ETILOcpoAn auvTnpnon µ£TO Tn OKUPOOETrJOn
TIPOKUTit£L on:

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TOC KOL 6cp£LA£TOL at TIOPEUTIOOL~6µ£Vr] OUOTOAn KOTO TnV nn~n TOO
aKupoMµarnc.

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0~~~~~aTn~Ka- -enc nAaKac, µeLwveL Tn BL6PK£Lo Tnc Ka-caoKeunc (ou~nutvoc KLvouvoc
KOTOOKEunc VLO OL6!3pwon TOO 6nALaµ00 K.A .n.) KOL OU~OV£L TLC nopaµopqx{JoELC (A6-
vw TnC OTpocpnc tWV OLOTOµwv VLO Tnv tnacpn TWV TIOP£LWV TnC pwvunc
KOTO TnV OVOAr]~r] 8ALTitLKWV TOO£WV.

TIPOTOOEL~ VLO rLa TnV OTIOKOTOOTOOr] TOO 8AL(36µ£VOU TIEAUOTOC tWV TIAOKWV TIPOT£LV£IOL
-cnv lrnoKata- KA£LoLµo -cwv pwyµwv µ£ KOTOAAnAn PntLvn.
OTOOll Ti'JC
KataOK£UTlC

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pnyµa1won npo~OAWV nOAUKOTOIKIO~ 6

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l.ANTIKEIMENO

TpL6po~n oCKoooµh arr6 OTIALoµtvo OKUP60£µa µt PILOTIS.


iUVOhLKEC OLOCJ'COOEL<:;: 11 ,80 X 23, 00 m.
iTLc; ouo antvaVTL TIA£Up£c; Kai. at DAO T6 µnKoc; TOUC ~EPEL E~WOTEC µt
OVOLyµa 3,60 m KO L 3,10 m OVTLcrtoLxa, µ£Th OTOTLKn 0Laµ6pq>Won TIOU
~aLVETOL oLnAa.

Pwyµtc; ocnv KOTW ETIL~OVELO TWV E~WOTWV napOAAnAEC np6c; T6 OVOLyµa


EKT£Lv6µevec; Kai. nLc; napaK£Lµ£v£c; nMKec; Ka( ooKouc; oT6 towT£PLK6
mu 6p6~ou.

Pwvµtc; oTnv K6tw tnL~6v£La twv t~woTwv rrapatnpoOvTaL KaL oTouc; un6-
AoLnouc; 6p6~ouc; enc; OLKOOoµnc;.

2.l:TOIXEIA IIOY :EYrKENTPQSHKAN

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rrpO«pOPLKEC 1. 8tv TnPh8nK£ nµ£ pOA6VLO KOT ' acnv KUtOOK£Uh "tOU EPVOU
a.aapi;upi.Ec;
2. iKupoo£Tnon tnL t6nou
3. ~Evap~n OKUP00£Tno£wc; "tO 8£K£µapLO TOO 1976

3.1. AIEPEYNHEH PHI'MATQEEOE

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tvtpyeLec; KaTaypa~noav ol pwyµtc; nou napatnPnSn Kav oTLc; nAOKEC KaL Ti.c; ooKouc;
tnc; OLKoooµnc;. ' H Ston Kai. n OLaOpoµn tWV pwyµwv ~aLV£TOL Ot6 OXE-
OLO c'Jp. 1 .

-189-

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