IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 12 | June 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

Efficient Energy Management in Smart Grids

based on Raspberry Pi & Web of Things
Ms. Jyoti Pansare Dr. S. S. Sonavane
PG Student Guide & Director
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering Dr. D. Y. Patil, School of Engineering, SPPU,
Dr. D. Y. Patil, School of Engineering, SPPU, Pune, India Pune, India

Abstract
Electricity is one of the key factors in human life to survive on the earth. Most of our work requires electricity so it’s important
to save electricity. Without electricity life will be like heart without heartbeats. Most of the electricity is generated from non-
renewable sources like coal and fossil fuel which causes the pollution and affect the human life and day by day it is depleting so
the cost of electricity is increasing .Smart grid is the electrical grid that is the collection of networks that supplies electricity to
consumer and also monitor and analyzes the power consumption .Web of thing (WOT) are those thing which integrate the
everyday object with web. This paper describes how to save electricity by using renewable sources and monitoring the resources
and also controlling the resources by using WOT .By using raspberry pi controller along with sensors to control the devices
which will set threshold value if it goes beyond the threshold value the appliance will turn on and web page will be created
which will show how much power is consume by the appliances. By SMS alert the appliances can be turn off that will be sent to
the authentic agent via GSM module.
Keywords: Smart grid, Internet of things, renewable energy source, smart power grid, GSM, GPRS
________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION

Demand and supply of the electricity plays an important role. Earlier many things used to work without electricity i.e. very few
things where automatic. But now we live in SMART world as the name suggest self-monitoring analyzing reporting technique in
this the device itself monitors to him and if any problem arrive it reports to the system. Grid is the collection of the electrical
network .Smart grid which supplies the power to the consumer and monitors the load power consumption and analyzes how
much power is being used by the consumer. .Demand and supply ratio must be kept equal but now a days it is opposite supply
we get is limited but demand is very high which cannot be fulfilled due to the depletion of the fossil fuel. It leaves behind carbon
footprint which affects the living things. So to reduce the pollution Smart Grid as introduced which reduces pollution and also
improves the efficiency of electricity.
The main aim is to save electricity which uses fossil fuel and reduce the pollution. In the system solar panel is used as a
renewable source the energy of this panel will be utilized by the devices. Web of things which will monitor and controlled the on
off of the devices through web. Web page is created which will give the amount of power required in one day i.e. power
consumption of the devices and if the devices are on with the help of the smart phone the devices can be made turn off if it is on
so as to save electricity and energy. Load how much power it is consuming can be monitored and controlled with the help of the
web page. Web page will have its own IP address to access once it is open we can monitored the device but to control the on off
the password will be created for security purpose so that except that owner no one will controlled the device. This system is very
advantageous like it automatically configure itself; it will act as a data logger to keep the track of the load power consumption
saves electricity and does not pollute the environment. The system is eco- friendly.

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

Non-renewable resources have been the most exploited natural system, since man strode the earth. As a result of increasing
population the use of electricity has been increased and other developmental activities, our system is being polluted by different
origins. The use of the fossil fuel it pollutes the environment so by the use of the renewable resources ie sun we can save the non-
renewable sources as well as reduce the pollution.
C.Tsirmpas et .al proposed a new method for profile generation in an IOT environment: An application in ambient assisted
living. The current paper serves well in providing a great deal of detail about how components of the IoT might collect data to be
processed into contextual information by implementing the proposed methodology of profile generation [1].
Gomes, T proposed an FPGA-based edge device for the Internet of Things. The system proposed an FPGA-based edge device
for IoT which uses System-on-Chip (SOC) FPGA technology to offload important features of the communication stack to
dedicated hardware, aiming to increase system performance [2].

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JeyaPadmini, J.; Kashwan, K.R. proposed effective power utilization and conservation in smart homes using IoT. A technique
based on IoT, for recognizing human activity through image processing is proposed in the paper. Energy management is done
based on real time approach in which a machine to machine communication takes place [3].
Jinsoo Han et.al. Proposed a SMART home energy management system using zigbee and PLC. The server displays the web
page which gives the information of the homes power consumption and generation. It is then compare with the previous data
which optimize the cost and use of electricity [4].
José G. de Matos proposed a system to control the state of charge of the battery bank reducing the voltage on its terminals by
controlling the generated power by the energy sources [5].
Shiu Kumar proposed a SMART home using android application. This paper presents a stand-alone system and low cost,
which is based on the Android app communicate with the micro-web server provides more than the switching functionalities [6].
Mohanty, S.; Panda, B.N.; Pattnaik B.S. b, proposed "Implementation of a Web of Things based Smart Grid to remotely monitor
and control Renewable Energy Sources.The integration of Web of Things with existing power grid architecture will provide us
numerous opportunities for improvements in our energy saving techniques [7].
W. Huiyong, W. Jingyang, and H. Min, proposed a “Building a smart home system with wireless sensor network and service
robot.” The author elaborated examined the integration of WSN with service robot for smart home monitoring system [8].
Minh-Thanh Vo et.al proposed a “Towards Residential Smart Grid: A Practical Design of Wireless Sensor Network and Mini-
Web Server Based Low Cost Home Energy Monitoring System” the 2013 International Conference on Advanced
Technologies(ICAT) for Communications The paper presents a practical design of wireless sensor network based energy
monitoring smart home system [9].
Wei Fu, Mengling Shui, Yuying Chen and Li Chen “The Research and Realization of Wireless Energy Consumption Detector
Based on the Internet of Things”. It is composed of one controller for monitoring and to manage the home energy and one
network adapter for each home appliance [10].

III. SYSTEM METHODOLOGY

H ardware Design:
The hardware components used here are ARM11, GSM module sim 900,temperature sensor(LM35),light sensor(LDR) sensor,
relays, fan, bulb ,led, motor, battery power supply, simcard holder circuit.Fig.1 shows block diagram of the system .
Transmitter:

Fig. 1: Block Diagram of transmitter of the system

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 Efficient Energy Management in Smart Grids based on Raspberry Pi & Web of Things
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Receiver:

Fig. 2: Block Diagram of receiver of the system

The meter data is will be directly send to a server continuously. The services provided by the server include display of location
of the homes connected through smart grid their meter reading, scheduling of the power sources for each individual home and
by means of the embedded devices switching of the device can be done .
The data monitoring devices is also controlled based on the values. The consumer can maintain data base in the web services.
Hence consumer can know the indoor environment consumption units on web services and also can control the home appliances
from web services.
1) Temperature sensor-LM35 is used which measures the value in degree celicus. When the temperature exceeds threshold
value the Fan will be ON.
2) LDR Sensor-LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are sensor circuits which are used when the light intensity decrease the
Bulb will get ON.
3) Motor and LED their on/off control will be through the GSM module. GSM module is fired to an authentic agent. Whenever
we want to turn off the light or fan we can turn off without the use of internet by a SMS from GSM module. The controlling
can be done through web page.

Fig. 3: Raspberry Pi board

Fig. 4: GSM module

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 Efficient Energy Management in Smart Grids based on Raspberry Pi & Web of Things
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4) RASPBERRY PI-It act as a minicomputer which uses ARM11 microcontroller. The output and input is in digital format.
5) Energy Meter-It is used to take reading of the appliances i.e. how much power is consumed by the loads in voltage and
current. It uses opt coupler IC for isolation purpose.
The system will have basically two sensor for controlling FAN and bulb on/off .The two sensor used are temperature sensor
and LDR sensor which will have threshold value to control the device. The led and motor can be controlled through web page as
well as through SMS. The web page will have displayed the voltage and current values along with sensor value. The ADC is
being used as the Raspberry pi has digital input and digital output for TTL compatibility RS232 is being used.
Hardware design technical aspects are stated in the following table 1. Whenever we want to turn off the light or fan we can turn
off without the use of internet by a message from GSM module is fired to an authentic agent. GSM module is shown in figure 4.

Software Design:
Python programming language is used and the output is displayed on Linux window .Eagle-eye software is used to design layout
of PCB. Terminal for debugging of traces. To create a web page hypertext mark-up language is used to create a web page. To
test the AT commands to communicate with GSM module terminal used. Embedded C language is used to code in C.
Table – 1
Hardware Design Technical data
Component Specification
*ARM11 microcontroller
*4 USB PORT
RASPBERRY PI
*40 PINS-GPIO, HDMI PORT, Ethernet port, camera connecting with internal memory and requires 5V
operating voltage.
* Calibrated directly in ° Celsius (Centigrade)
*Linear + 10.0 mV/°C scale factor
LM35 Temperature *0.5°C accuracy guarantee able (at +25°C)
sensor *Rated for full −55° to +150°C range
*Suitable for remote applications.
*Soil moisture in the range 1 to 10
*Sim 900 standard serial RS232 interface.
*Onboard 3V Lithium Battery holder for internal RTC.
GSM Module *GSM based Voice communications, Data/Fax, SMS, GPRS and TCP/IP via AT commands.
* Baud rate 1200 to 115200 bps (9600 default).
* Low power consumption of 0.25A during normal operations and 1A during transmission
LDR 1000 000 ohms RESISTANCE BUT WHEN EXPOSED TO LIGHT IT DROPS.
Regulator ICs *7805 and LM317
*High Accuracy, supports 50/60 Hz IEC 521/1036
*Less than 0.3% error over a dynamic range of 500 to 1 F1 and F2
ENERGY meter
*Low Cost CMOS Process
*The AD7751 uses the larger of the two currents(Phase or Neutral) to bill—even during a fault condition

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IV. FLOWCHART

V. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

The smart home uses some sensor for controlling the appliances so it has some range on which the controlling depends and later
it performance the action. The table.2 shows the parameter which is to be controlled and action.
Table – 2
Action performed by the system
PARAMETER THRESHOLD VALUE ACTION
Temperature sensor >50 FAN_ON
Light sensor 40>LIGHT INTENSITY BULB_ON

VI. RESULTS

The entire Projects with normal supply voltage i.e. 230V main supply & 12v Battery From solar panel. Initially values of sensor
are normal so only entire power consumption can be monitor. This is the actual setup in which energy meter is being used to
measure power consumption. GSM module along with RS232 is being used for TTL compatibility. Raspberry Pi is used to
measure the output along with sensors which are connected to ADC.

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Fig. 5: Node section

This is the output window which displays the output with the values and the message. AT command being used. The output
window is Linux window. The web page is displaying the vales.

Fig. 6: Output in Linux Window and webpage

When the light intensity decreases the BULB is on. The threshold value is being set to control the on/off of the bulb.

Fig. 7: Node section with final output

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 Efficient Energy Management in Smart Grids based on Raspberry Pi & Web of Things
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VII. CONCLUSION

Thus embedded technology is changing the lifestyle of mankind and bringing dreams to reality just by a module on board. This
system can be controlled and monitor through web page and some devices can be control through threshold value due to which
the system becomes fully automated. The devices can be turn off/on through GSM module without the use of internet this is the
advantage of the system. The use of raspberry pi reduces the power consumption as well as complexity of the system and
improves the overall cost of the system.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I take this opportunity to thank all the individuals for their guidance, help and timely brace which encouraged me to complete
this project in stipulated time. I am highly indebted to Dr.S.S.Sonavane my guide, for his valuable guidance, constant
monitoring, stimulating inspective and interactive discussions and extensive help leading to successful completion of the work.
His attitude at work, approach and versatility and objectivity are worth stating. I am really thankful to him. Lastly I thank my
parents, and my husband without their support this would not be possible.

REFERENCES
[1] Tsirmpas, A. Anastasiou Member, P. Bountris and D.Koutsouris Member “A new method for profile generation in an Internet of Things environment: An
application in ambient assisted living” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2015.
[2] Gomes, T. ; Centro Algoritmi - University of Minho, Portugal ; Pinto, S. ; Gomes, T. ; Tavares, A.” Towards an FPGA-based edge device for the Internet of
Things”Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA), 2014.
[3] JeyaPadmini, J.; Kashwan, K.R.” Effective power utilization and conservation in smart homes using IoT," in Computation of Power, Energy Information
and Commuincation (ICCPEIC), 2015 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.0195-0199, 22-23 April 2015.
[4] Jinsoo Han; Chang-sic Choi; Wan-Ki Park; Ilwoo Lee; Sang-Ha Kim,” Smart home energy management system including renewable energy based on
ZigBee and PLC in 2014 .
[5] José G. de Matos, Member, IEEE, Felipe S. F. e Silva, Student Member, IEEE, and Luiz A. de S. Ribeiro, Member, IEEE “Power Control in AC Isolated
Microgrids with Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Storage Systems” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 10.1109/TIE.2014.
[6] Shiu Kumar “UBIQUITOUS SMART HOME SYSTEM USING ANDROID APPLICATION” International Journal of Computer Networks &
Communications (IJCNC) Vol.6, No.1, January 2014.
[7] Mohanty, S.; Panda, B.N.; Pattnaik B.S., "Implementation of a Web of Things based Smart Grid to remotely monitor and control Renewable Energy
Sources," in Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS),2014 IEEE STUDENT CONFERENCE on vol no pp,1-5,1-2.
[8] W. Huiyong, W. Jingyang, and H. Min, “Building a smart home system with WSN and service robot,” in Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Measuring Technol.
Mechatronics Autom., Hong Kong, China, 2013.
[9] Minh-Thanh Vo∗, Minh-Triet Nguyen∗, Tuan-Duc Nguyen, Chi-Thong Le† , Huu-Tue Huynh “Towards Residential Smart Grid: A Practical Design of
Wireless Sensor Network and Mini-Web Server Based Low Cost Home Energy Monitoring System” the 2013 International Conference on Advanced
Technologies for Communications
[10] Wei Fu, Mengling Shui, Yuying Chen and Li Chen “The Research and Realization of Wireless Energy Consumption Detector Based on the Internet of
Things” Journal of Digital Information Management Volume 11 Number 1 February 2013

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