THE TASK OF MINI RESEARCH

COURSE : GENERAL PHYSICS

MECHANISM OF THE LAMP LASTS

PRESENT BY:

NAME : FADHILAH HAYATI

LATIFAH ANGRAINI SIREGAR
NADYA ANANDA
DEPARTMENT : MATHEMATIC
PROGRAM STUDY : MATHEMATIC EDUCATION
BILINGUAL
GROUP : II

FACULTY OF MATEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

MEDAN 2018

1
 PREFACE

Firstly, thank to God for giving us chance to make this assignment done.

Thank you for our lecturer to give us this assignment so The authors can more

understand about ELECTRICITY. The author are also grateful to a lecturer of

general physics who have guided the authors to compile the paper of this

assignment.

Secondly, The authors are sorry for everything that can be wrong in this

assignment. This assignment has done with every theory from each one of us. So,

that must be lack in somewhere and of something.

Thank you for everything and please us to show our assignment.

Writen by

Group 2

i
 CONTENTS

COVER

PREFACE

CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Baclground.........................................................................................................1
1.2 Objectives...........................................................................................................1
1.3 Formulation of problem.....................................................................................1

CHAPTER II

2.1 Teoritical riview ................................................................................................2

CHAPTER III

3.resich design..........................................................................................................4

3.2 resich subject......................................................................................................4

3.3data colection method.........................................................................................4

3.4 data analysis method..........................................................................................4

CHAPTER IV

4.Discussion............................................................................................................5

CHAPTER V

5.1 Conclusion..........................................................................................................7

5.2 Sugestion............................................................................................................7

Bilioghraphy

ii
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Transmission of electrical energy can occur naturally (as in lightning), or

be produced (as in a generator). It is a form of energy which we use to
power machines and electrical devices. When electrical charges are not moving,
electricity is called static electricity. When the charges are moving they are
an electric current, sometimes called 'dynamic electricity'. Lightning is the most
known - and dangerous - kind of electric current in nature, but sometimes static
electricity causes things to stick together.

Electricity can be dangerous, especially around water because water is a

form of good conductor as it has impurities like salt in it. Since the nineteenth
century, electricity has been used in every part of our lives. Until then, it was just
a curiosity seen in the lightning of a thunderstorm.

Electrical energy arrives at homes through wires from the places where it
is made. It is used by electric lamps, electric heaters, etc. Many appliances such
as washing machines and electric cookers use electricity. In factories, electrical
energy powers machines. People who deal with electricity and electrical devices
in our homes and factories are called "electricians".

1.2 Objectives

1. fulfilling our duty in general physics courses

2. to find out how long the lamp's performance lasts

3. to find out the process of combining electrical circuits

1.3 Formulation of the problem

1. How does the working mechanism of the lamp last

2. how to connect electrical circuits of the lamp lasts

1
 CHAPTER II
THEORITICAL REVIEW

The issue of global warming has become a discussion of the international

community.Since the last few decades the world community's awareness of its
importanceenvironmental conservation is increasing. As a form of
concerncompany in preserving the environment for the sake of the future of the
future generations come, producers or companies also implement sustainable
development or sustainable development, namely development that meets needs
current generation without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs (Garvare and Isaksson, 2001).

At present the energy saving lamps are LED or Light Emitting Diode
already began to be known and began to be used even though it is still relatively
new. You can even said LED lights at this time have begun to get the attention of
the public because it has many advantages compared to type lights others. With
advantages such as "saving electricity costs" and "more friendly environment "and
more" durable "to be the excess quality of LED lights causing this lamp to be
glimpsed by some people (kompasiana, written by fandi sido 09 November 2014).

LEDs are solid and hard devices that have durability long enough. Besides
that, LEDs only use relative power consumption low and age of more than 50
thousand hours. The following are advantages LED lights. (Kompasiana, written
by fandi sido November 9, 2014)

1. Has a longer service life than ordinary lights. LEDs can reach durability for up
to 50,000 hours.

2. Having energy efficiency up to 80 to 90 percent, much better compared to other

lights. In addition, LEDs also only require low voltage.

3. The light produced by the LED light is not hot. LEDs don't produce UV light
and heat energy.

4. Smaller size so that it can be applied more practically.

2
5. Does not contain mercury so it is more environmentally friendly.

LED lights are environmentally friendly lights, indicated bythe absence of

Hg (mercury) which is dangerous for the health of the skin and vital
organsmanusi, Hg waste that is not managed properly will have a bad impactto the
environment, if high Hg concentrations in this water will polluteEarth's aquatic
environment and many other negative impacts from this Hg waste. And also UV /
IR which can potentially cause skin cancer in humans. The lifespan of lamps that
can last up to 15 years complements the ability of this lamp. In the picture below
it can be seen that the LED lights is one of the environmentally friendly products.
Technology market for lighting products This light emitting diode (LED)
is still considered to be limited to industry and corporation along with the price
that is still expensive in the market. Association Data The Indonesian Electrical
Resistance Industry (Aperlindo) shows the light bulb market the third generation
absorbed only 1% of the total national market of 260 million last year. (Neraca
Economic Daily, written by Rudianto April 4, 2012)

3
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODS

A. RESEARCH DESIGN

This research was conducted to reveal the performance of long-lasting lights, in

the sense that researchers do not try to manipulate research settings, but do a study
of a phenomenon. The reason for using qualitative research methods is based on
the opinion of Alsa (2003) that qualitative research is generally used when
researchers are interested in exploring and understanding a central phenomenon,
such as a process or event.

The data that appears in qualitative research is in the form of a collection of

words. The methods used by researchers to obtain data are by observing the
performance of the lights

B. RESEARCH SUBJECTS

durable lamp

C. DATA COLLECTION METHOD

1. observing

D. DATA ANALYSIS METHOD

The qualitative data analysis technique is carried out in accordance with the case
study approach, so that the analysis of the data used is by reviewing and observing
this durable lamp.

4
 CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

ower Inverter or commonly referred to as an Inverter is an electronic

circuit or device that can convert direct current (DC) to alternating electric current
(AC) at the required voltage and frequency according to the design of the circuit.
The sources of electric current or DC current which is the input of the Power
Inverter can be in the form of Batteries, Batteries or Solar Cells (Solar Cell). This
inverter will be very useful when used in areas that have limited supply of AC
electricity. Because with the Power Inverter, we can use Battery or Solar Cells to
move household appliances such as Television, Fan, Computer or even
Refrigerator and Washing Machine which generally requires AC power source
which has voltage of 220V or 110V. Waveforms that can be produced by Power
Inverters include square wave, sine wave, modified sine wave and wide pulse
modulation wave (pulse width modulated wave) depending on the design of the
circuit inverter in question. But at this time, the most widely used waveforms are
sine wave and modified sine wave. While the frequency of the electric current
produced in general is around 50Hz or 60Hz with an Output Voltage of around
120V or 240V. Output The most common electrical power for consumer products
is around 150 watts to 3000 watts.

the type of transmission used in motorized vehicles. This system uses a

clutch that is operated by the driver to adjust the torque transfer from the engine to
the transmission, as well as the shifting of gears operated by hand (on the car) or
foot (on the motor). Accelerated teeth are arranged in a tooth box / gerbox for
some speed, usually in the range of 3 to 6 forward acceleration gears plus 1
reverse gear (R). Acceleration gear used depends on the speed of the vehicle at
low speed or uphill gear used acceleration 1 and so on if the speed is higher, and
vice versa if reducing the acceleration gear speed is lowered, braking can be
helped by a decrease in acceleration gear. transmission is a component on the
engine that has the purpose of changing the speed and rotating power of the
engine that is aimed at the wheel which can later be used to drive the vehicle. In
addition, this power transfer system includes the clutch, transmission, differential,

5
shaft and wheel of the vehicle. All of these parts will be related to each other.
Well, related to the definition of manual transmission, the position and
components are located at the front end after the clutch unit of the power transfer
system in a vehicle.

For example like this, let's say on a motorcycle that has 4 accelerations,
the location of the manual transmission is here as one of the hardware parts of a
power transfer system with 4 levels. Well, with the transmission, the power
generated by the engine can be forwarded to the propeller shaft shaft so that the
vehicle can run. By a little understanding of the meaning of the manual
transmission, a brief conclusion can be drawn that the definition of a manual
transmission system is a component of the transfer of energy generated from the
engine to the wheel shaft that makes the vehicle run according to its acceleration.

6
 CHAPTER V

CLOSING

5.1 Conclusion

1. Multitester is a device that functions as a measure of potential difference,

electric current, and resistance / conductor resistance. To use it, the multitester is
connected to the power supply / battery via cables and resistors, then strong
currents, currents and obstacles can be determined / searched

2. The relationship between potential difference, current strength and resistance,

namely the potential difference is the product of the current and resistance or

V = I.R. The greater the current and resistance the greater the potential difference

3. Calculate the resistance to the replacement of the series arrangement which is

Rs = R1 + R2 + R3 + ... + Rn

Calculate the obstacles to substituting parallel arrangements, namely

4.Kirchoff I Law

"The strong amount of current entering the branching point is the same as the
amount of current coming out of the branching point" ΣEnter = ΣI came out

ΣEnter = ΣI came out

Kirchoff II Law

"In a closed circuit, the number of algebraic electromotive force (E) and the
amount of voltage drop (I.R) equals zero" ΣE = ΣIR

5.2 Suggestion

So that other practitioners are more skilled in practicum and increase the literature

needed.

7
 BIBLIOGPARPHY

http://www.academia.edu/30376416/LAPORAN_PRAKTIKUM_FISIKA_M

ODERN_ESR_

8
9