Professional Documents
Culture Documents
16799dispersion PDF
16799dispersion PDF
Based on Based on
Selected all item s
items
1.Coefficient of 1.Coefficient of MD
Range 2.Coefficient of SD &
2.Coefficient of Coefficient of Variation
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
QD Measures of Dispersion 7
A small value for a measure of
dispersion indicates that the data
are clustered closely (the mean is
therefore representative of the data).
A large measure of dispersion
indicates that the mean is not
reliable (it is not representative of
the data).
L−S
L+S
= 0.1698
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 13
From the following data
calculate Range and
Coefficient of Range
Marks 5 15 25 35 45 55
No .of 10 20 30 50 40 30
Students
19, 25 & 28
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 24
Interquartile Range Example
Sorted data
5, 10, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21,
21, 25 & 28
Q 3 − Q1
= =0.2982
Q 3 + Q1
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 35
Merits Of Quartile Deviation
Its easy to understand and easy
to calculate.
It is least affected by extreme
values.
It can be used in open-end
frequency distribution.
MD =
∑ f | x−x|
∑f
Where f = the frequency of an
observation x
n = Σf = the sum of the frequencies
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 41
Frequency Distribution MD
Example
Number of
outstanding Frequency fx |x-x| f|x-x|
accounts
0 1 0 2 2
1 9 9 1 9
2 7 14 0 0
3 3 9 1 3
4 4 16 2 8
Total: 24 Σfx Σ f|x-x| =
= 48 22
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 42
_
x=
∑ fx
∑f
mean = 48/24 = 2
MD =
∑ f | x−x|
∑f
MD = 22/24 = 0.92
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 43
Calculate Mean Deviation and
Coefficient of Mean Deviation
0-10 10 10
10-20 20 30
20-30 30 60 cf
30-40 50 f 110
40-50 40 150 Median
50-60 30 180 Class
L
180
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 44
Calculation of Mean deviations from
Median N 180
=
2 2
=90th item
Median in Class =30-40,L=30,c.f=60,
f=50 and c=10
=
∑ f x−M
N
2040
= = 11.333
180
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 47
Coefficient of Mean
Deviation
MeanDeviat ion
=
Median
11.333
= = 0.3148
36
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 48
Merits of Mean Deviation
It is easy to understand
It is based on all items of the
series
It is less affected by extreme
values
It is useful small samples when
no detailed analysis is required.
∑ x − x
σ=
N
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 55
From the following data calculate
Standard Deviation
5,15,25,35,45 and 55
X=
∑ X
X=
180
= 30
N 6
N
1750
= = 17.078
6
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 57
Frequency Distribution SD
If the data are in the form of a frequency
distribution the standard deviation is given by
σ=
∑ f .(X − X) 2
∑ ∑
2
f .x 2
f .x
= −
N N
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 58
From the following data ,calculate Standard
Deviation .
Marks 5 15 25 35 45 55
(X)
No. of 10 20 30 50 40 30
Students
(f)
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 59
Mean = X=
∑ f .x 6300
= = 35
N 180
N=180 ∑fx2
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion =3600061
∑ ∑
2
f .x 2
f .x
σ= −
N N
=
∑ f .x − (X )
2
2
=14.142
N
2
QD = σ
3
4
MD = σ
5
68.27%
95.45%
99.73%
µ−3σ µ−2σ µ−1σ µ µ+1σ µ+2σ µ+ 3σ
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 65
Minimum sum of Squares; The Sum of
Squares of Deviations of items in the
series from their arithmetic mean is
minimum.
Standard Deviation of n natural numbers
N −1 2
=
12
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 66
Combined standard deviation
N 1σ1 + N 2σ 2 + N 1d 1 + N 2d 2
2 2 2 2
σ12 =
N1 + N2
percentage
X = mean
σ = standard deviation
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 78
1. Dispersion measures
(a) The scatter ness of a set of
observations
(b) The concentration of set of
observations
( c) The Peaked ness of distribution
(d) None
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 79
1. Dispersion measures
(a) The scatter ness of a set of
observations
(b) The concentration of set of
observations
( c) The Peaked ness of distribution
(d) None
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 80
2. Which one is an absolute measure of
Dispersion?
(a) Range
(b) Mean Deviation
( c) Quartile Deviation
( d) all these measures
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 81
2. Which one is an absolute measure of
Dispersion?
(a) Range
(b) Mean Deviation
( c) Quartile Deviation
( d) all these measures
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 82
3.Which measures of Dispersion is not
affected by the presence of extreme
observations
(a) deviation
(b) Quartile Deviation
(C) Mean Deviation
(d) Range
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 83
3.Which measures of Dispersion is not
affected by the presence of extreme
observations
(a) deviation
(b) Quartile Deviation
(C) Mean Deviation
(d) Range
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 84
3.Which measures of Dispersion is not
affected by the presence of extreme
observations
(a) deviation
(b) Quartile Deviation
(C) Mean Deviation
(d) Range
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 85
4.which measures of Dispersion is
based on all the items of observations
(a) Mean Deviation
(b) Standard Deviation
(C) Quartile Deviation
(d) a and b but not c
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 86
4.which measures of Dispersion is
based on all the items of observations
(a) Mean Deviation
(b) Standard Deviation
(C) Quartile Deviation
(d) a and b but not c
Quantitative Aptitude & Business Statistics:
Measures of Dispersion 87
5.Standard Deviation is
(a) absolute measure
(b) relative measure
(c) both
(d) none
Measures of Dispersion