CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Discrepancy reports are an indicator of how well the USAF is providing the right

materiel, right place, right time, right price thus i have used the six sigma methodology

to study the requisitions and Supply Discrepancy Reports data for the last two years.

Because Six sigma methodology identify processes that are OFF Target and /or have a

high degree of variation ,and corrects the process ,denotes standard deviation, in other

words – variation – around the mean value, study the processes and define their upper

and lower acceptable limits. Anything outside these limits is considered a defect, or

unacceptable outcome. I have used the main Six Sigma 5 steps as shown in Figure (1).

Six Sigma’s Five-Step Process

1 2 3
Define Measure Analyze
What is important to How is the process (The Y) What are the most important
performing?
customer? What does it look / feel like to the
causes of the defects &
customer? variation?
How good is the data (gage
R&R)?
Find & Measure
Define the “Y” Measure the “Y” the “Xs”

4 5
Improve Control
How do we remove the causes How can we maintain the
of the defects & variation? improvements?
Control the “Xs” So
Improve the “Xs” Customer Never Sees
Variation in the “Y”

YY==f(X)
f(X)

Fig (1) Shows the 5 steps in Six Sigma

1
 In figure (2) below shows How six sigma works from statistical point View

Nature of the Problem

Another View
Off-Target Variation

LSL USL LSL USL

LSL USL LSL USL

On-Target

Center Reduce
Process Spread

LSL
LSL USL
USL LSL = Lower spec limit
USL = Upper spec limit

The
TheStatistical
StatisticalView
Viewof
ofaa Problem
Problem

Fig (2 ) Statically point view of problem

I have followed the five parts methodology of six sigma, Define measure ,analysis

improve and control In Define phase my objective reduce both number and processing

time for supply discrepancy report (SDR) i.e. Reach zero SDR rate and the minimum

processing time to 82.5 days (AFSAC goal). In Measure phase I have determined the

Critical X’s and Y’s, established Performance Standards, used available data, and

develop data collection method, then Validate Measurements, Determined Process

Capability and Baseline. In Analyze phase I have determined the goal, identified vital

few X’s (root cause), got current process results and statistically determine process

2
capability. in the root cause analysis, I have searched for the fundamental reason for an

event, which if corrected, would prevent recurrence and the last cause in the chain. Also

used cause chain diagrams, as a very powerful tool that is it is capable of handling large

and complex problems. I used the Why-Why Analysis like Why did it happen? Didn’t get

to country on time why? Country percentages, data, averages are different than other

countries, why? Country data averages different than AFSAC goals, why AFSAC?

Country actions were slow. Why? …etc. In Improve phase I have developed solution

alternatives, and recommend - ways to remove cause of defects and variations.

And Finally in Control phase I have used statistical process control and suggest

developing transfer plan

Problem Statement

The AFSAC receives an estimated 6,500 Supply Discrepancy Reports (SDRs) per

year. The SDR’s are as a result of some type of discrepancy with the item purchased

through the Foreign Military Sales program. In FY05, 6,575 discrepancy reports were

submitted against 438,300 shipments (1.5% discrepancy rate). RJAF submit an average

63 Supply Discrepancy Reports (SDR’s) per year ,average value 5,5 million dollars

$ each year , Mean of SDR Value = 90014.2, Denied SDR’s cost RJAF 6.6 million

$.These SDR’s are a result different types of discrepancy with the items provided

through Security Assistance Program To Jordan ( the Foreign Military Sales

program).The average number of (All countries SDR’s ) is 1508 per year. AFSAC

announced SDR Goal = 1% for Requisition submission rate, RJAF SDR’s rate is

3.18%. Data was taken for the last two years average).Over the last two years AFSAC

3
has only been able to meet their 120 day goal a maximum of 74% of the time. This

negatively affects their ability to provide world class support to customers in addition to

meet the goal established by Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DSCA). All FMS

customers indicated a desire for improvement in the SDR process (Number and Process

time) i.e. Stream line supply process. While average processing times are, for the most

part, within prescribed limits, the amount of variation within the processes appears to be

high. Problem statement in mathematical form

The objectives in my research (Y’s)

1-Y1 (Big) = Successful Supply operations (Support)

Y1(Small) = SDR Process time

X 1 = Source of Supply
X 2 = No of days take RJAF to submit SDR
X 3 = No of days took AFSAC to process and take Decision to SDR
X 4= SDR Decision Criteria
X5= Cost Of SDR
X6=SDR to Domestic Cargo relation
X7= SDR to International cargo (AIR) relation
X8= SDR to International cargo (SEA) relation
X9-SDR to Reception Centre at Customer Facility relation
X10-SDR to Customer (RJAF) final Destination
X11-SDR Season Effect
X12 –AGE
X10- NMCS SDR to SDR rate

2- Y2 (Big) = Successful Supply operations (Support)

Y2 (Small) = Number of Supply Discrepancy Reports

4
 X 1 = SDR Root Causes
X2= Source of Supply
X 2 = Reason for SDR (Quality, Concealed Shortage, etc)
X 3 = SDR Decision (A, D, V)
X4 = Cost Of SDR
X5= Defect
X6=SDR to Domestic Cargo relation
X7= SDR to International cargo (AIR) relation
X8= SDR to International cargo (SEA) relation
X9-SDR to Reception Centre at Customer Facility relation
X10-SDR to Customer (RJAF) final Destination
X11-SDR Season Effect
X12 –AGE
X10- NMCS SDR to SDR rate

First I have started to find out the reason for discrepancies in Supply operations as shown

in below figure

I have used the Quality Functional Deployment (QFD) and house of quality techniques to
identify CTQ as structured methodology to identify, prioritize and translate expectations into
technical requirements and measurable features and characteristics as shown in tables below
Functions and

impact RJAF
WANTS
processes that

Serviceability

Inventory
Readiness

Financial
Air Craft

impact

What Does RJAF wants How important is

it On 5 point Scale?
Delivery To RJAF 5 9 9 3 3
SDR Processing Time 5 9 9 9 3
Material Cost 4 3 3 9 9
SDR source of Supply 3 3 3 1 1
SDR season 2 1 1 1 1
SDR Decision (Denied) 2 9 9 9 9
Total 131 131 119 89

5
Relation Ship
Direct and Strong =9
Direct =3
Indirect=1

Functions and

impact RJAF
WANTS
processes that

D domestic Fright Forwarder

Defense Logistic Assembly
AFSAC processing time

RJAF processing Time

Source Of Supply

International F.F
Processing Time
What Does RJAF wants How
important

SDR Rate
is
it On 5
point
Scale?
Fast Delivery To RJAF 5 9 3 9 9 9 9
SDR Processing Time 5 9 9 9 3 3 9 9
Material Cost 4 9 1 9 9 9
SDR source of Supply 3 9 9 9 3
SDR season 2 1 1 1 1
SDR Decision (Denied) 2 3 9 3 9

Total 161 96 161 60 60 173 90

Relation Ship
Direct and Strong =9
Direct =3
Indirect=1

So House Of Quality one will take (Y1): SDR rate

House Of Quality one will take (Y2): AFSAC processing time
House Of Quality one will take (Y3): Defense Logistic Assembly Processing Time
House Of Quality one will take (Y4): Source Of Supply

As drill down project bounding: I have looked to SDR rate and SDR cost then try to analyze the

SDR process according to below units of this process and apply QFD on this processes and the

result was above Y’s ,we will improve this process according to data and time available !!!

6
 Source of supply

Source of supply Vs SDR value $ Source of supply Vs No of Days// RJAF

12000000 50000
100
100
10000000
40000
80
80

No of Days// RJA F
8000000
30000

Percent
value $

60

Percent
60
6000000

40 20000
4000000 40

2000000 20 10000 20

0 0 0 0
source of supply FHZ FXA FGB Other source of supply FGB FXA FHB SNC FGZ GK0 FHZ AQ5 FNZ S9G Other
Count 9601154 868141 666288 116190 Count 15165 12454 3393 2553 2540 2506 1536 1502 1280 1040 1707
Percent 85.3 7.7 5.9 1.0 Percent 33.2 27.3 7.4 5.6 5.6 5.5 3.4 3.3 2.8 2.3 3.7
Cum % 85.3 93.0 99.0 100.0 Cum % 33.2 60.5 67.9 73.5 79.0 84.5 87.9 91.2 94.0 96.3 100.0

Source of supply Vs No of Days//AGE Source of supply Vs No of Days//AFSAC

9000 9000
8000 100 8000 100
7000 7000
No of Days// A FSA C

80
6000 80
6000
Percent

5000

Percent
60
A GE

5000 60
4000
4000
3000 40
3000 40
2000
20 2000
1000 20
1000
0 0
source of supply FXA FGB FGZ SNC GK0 AQ5 FHB FHZ Other 0 0
Count 2455 1883 1371 886 502 284 162 140 332 source of supply FXA FGB FGZ SNC GK0 AQ5 FHB FHZ Other
Percent 30.6 23.5 17.1 11.1 6.3 3.5 2.0 1.7 4.1 Count 2455 1883 1371 886 502 284 162 140 332
Cum % 30.6 54.1 71.2 82.3 88.5 92.1 94.1 95.9 100.0 Percent 30.6 23.5 17.1 11.1 6.3 3.5 2.0 1.7 4.1
Cum % 30.6 54.1 71.2 82.3 88.5 92.1 94.1 95.9 100.0

7
 Decisions

Noof Days at AFSAC Vs SDR value SDR Decision vs No of days at RJAF

12000000 50000
100 100
10000000 40000
80 80

No of days at RJA F
8000000
30000
SDR valu$

Percent
Percent
60 60
6000000
20000
40 40
4000000

10000 20
2000000 20

0 0 0 0
No of Days at AFSAC 110 58 27 5 70 44 65 69 55 61 50 Other
SDR Decision A D V
Count 9355376
311910273530190118103933933248993688202848205058349495560546 Count 23403 17497 4776
Percent 83.1 2.8 2.4 1.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 5.0 Percent 51.2 38.3 10.5
Cum % 83.1 85.9 88.3 90.0 91.0 91.8 92.6 93.4 94.1 94.6 95.0 100.0 Cum % 51.2 89.5 100.0

SDR Decision vs No of days at AFSAC SDR Decision vs No of days at AFSAC

9000 12000000
100
8000 100
10000000
7000
80
No of days at RJA F

80
6000 8000000
SDR Value
Percent

Percent
5000 60
60
6000000
4000
40 40
3000 4000000

2000
20 2000000 20
1000

0 0 0 0
SDR Decision A D V SDR Decision D A Other
Count 3813 3563 639 Count 9570920 1158435 522417
Percent 47.6 44.5 8.0 Percent 85.1 10.3 4.6
Cum % 47.6 92.0 100.0 Cum % 85.1 95.4 100.0

8
 Time Series

Time series for Days required by RJAF to submit SDR

1 13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117
1400 1350 1400

1200 1200

N0 Of D/RJA F to submit SD
1050 1030
998
1000 950
889
1000
860
840
800 720740 800
679674 660
660 660 660 640
647 645
610 610 640
Time series for Days required by AFSAC to sprocess SDR 600 507
500 524 551
551 568 556
500
600
441410
426 460 450 427 430 485 456
376400 370 370 380400 360
1 13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117 400 315 312 324 307 337 316
300 320 320 350 325
320
316 400
285 297300270 303279
278275250
267 250 270 270244 297 270
270 254 254 263
223 223 245
700 700 195 214
180 200143212 180 190220
215200
167
208
208210 221 195
210210
210 190 197177 225187 204 214
646 200 125
112 121 140 125 145 145 132
120 123
112
112 120 132 200
605 60 56
5
600 600 0 0
1 13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117
500 500
No of D/A FSA C

Index
400 400 Total Processing Days indicates a high degree of variation within the overall
process. The overall average is 362.5 days, with a std dev of 237.1 days. Max was 1350 days
300 247 256
256
256 300
221
200 168 154
140134
200
135 Time series for AGE
101110 98 98
100 7359 735668 84 636161 706965 66828176 6255 555554 61 5858 79 86 7775 85 7870 100
37 39 35 41 49 39 49 444240 50 46354259 4133 5857 49514134 46 5037503232 1 13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117
14 34 15 20207 181835 3130 1227272723 423232020513 2625 2617 3130242422 2529242424242411526262626 10101515 400 400
0 0 352.45

1 13 26 65 3978 52
91 104 117 289.45
300 274.45 300
Index 270.45 269.00
250.00
Total Processing Days indicates a high degree of variation within the overall 222.00224.00 214.00
230.00
204.00 209.00
process. The overall average is 63.61 days, with a std dev of 87.5 days. Max 200
198.00
197.00 189.00 200
A ge

179.00
179.00 187.00
175.00 173.00
159.00
145.00148.00
148.00
was 646 days 127.00 130.00 128.00 132.00132.00
132.00
132.00
128.00
123.00
118.00 108.00 117.00
97.00 87.00 98.00 104.00
102.00 105.00 105.00
100.00
97.00 98.00
98.00
91.45 91.00 85.00 94.00
100 86.00 84.00 85.00 100
63.00

25.00 20.0019.00
18.00
16.00 10.00 13.00
11.00 7.00 12.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00 0.002.00
0.000.00 0.00 0.001.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 2.00
1.000.00 0.000.00
0.000.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00 0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0 0
1 13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117
Index
Total Processing Days indicates a high degree of variation within the overall
process.

9
 Box plot/Interval Plot/Individual value plot

Interval Plot of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD, No of D/AFSAC

95% CI for the Mean

400

300

Boxplot of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD, No of D/AFSAC

Data
200
1400

1200 100

1000
0
N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD No of D/AFSAC
800
Data

600
Individual Value Plot of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD, No of D/AFSAC
400 1400

1200
200
1000
0
800
N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD No of D/AFSAC
Data

600

400

200

N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD No of D/AFSAC

10
 Type of Submission

Type of Submission vs SDR value Type of Submission vs No of days at RJAF

12000000 50000
100 100
10000000
40000
80 80

No of days at RJA F
8000000
SDR value

30000

Percent

Percent
60 60
6000000

40 20000
40
4000000

20 10000 20
2000000

0 0 0 0
Type of Submission O Other Type of Submission O R
Count 10817739 434033 Count 27444 18232
Percent 96.1 3.9 Percent 60.1 39.9
Cum % 96.1 100.0 Cum % 60.1 100.0

Type of Submission vs AGE Type of Submission vs No of days at AFSAC

9000 9000
100
8000 8000 100

7000 80 7000
No of days at A FSA C

80
6000 6000
Percent

Percent
5000 60 5000 60
A GE

4000 4000
40 40
3000 3000

2000 2000
20 20
1000 1000

0 0 0 0
Type of Submission O R Type of Submission O R
Count 6718 1805 Count 5351 2664
Percent 78.8 21.2 Percent 66.8 33.2
Cum % 78.8 100.0 Cum % 66.8 100.0

11
 National stock number (NSN) Interrogation
SDR Decision vs No of days at AFSAC NSN VS No of dyas at AFSAC
9000
50000
100 8000 100

no of days at /A FSA C
40000 7000
80 80
6000
SDR Value

Percent
30000

Percent
60 5000 60
4000
20000 40
40 3000
2000
10000 20 20
1000
0 0 0 0
SDR Decision NSN

Count 10295
4309
2560
2480
2013
1851
1653
1592
1505
1432
1092
1073
10078838408367967657207106605805685004604503703253153123002972127 Count 17461310550448329291262257236208192165149140137135134120100100 98 84 81 77 76 73 64 61 392
Percent 23 9 6 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 Percent 22 16 7 6 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
Cum % 2332 38 4347 51 5559 62 6567 70 727476 78 7981 83 8486 87 8889 90 9192 93 9394 95 95100 Cum % 22 3845 51 55 58 62 65 68 70 73 75 77 78 80 82 83 85 86 87 89 90 91 92 93 94 94 95 100

NSN VS No of dyas at RJAF NSN VS AGE

50000 9000
100
100 8000
40000
no of days at /RJA F

7000 80
80
6000
30000

Percent
Percent

5000 60
60
A GE

4000
20000 40
40 3000
2000
20
10000 20 1000
0 0
0 0 NSN
NSN
Count 24691125876545 397 352348 296 289 274262 222 204187 159105 411
Percent 29 13 10 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 5
Cum % 29 42 52 59 64 68 72 75 79 82 85 87 90 92 94 95 100
Count 10295
43092560
24802013
18511653
15921505
14321092
107310078838408367967657207106605805685004604503703253153123002972127
Percent 23 9 6 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
Cum % 2332 38 43 4751 55 59 6265 6770 7274 7678 79 81 8384 86 87 8889 90 91 9293 93 94 9595100

12
 Analysis/AFSAC
Boxplot of No of Days took at AFSAC Summary for No of Days AFSAC
A nderson-Darling N ormality Test
700
A -S quared 16.98
P-V alue < 0.005

Mean 63.611
600 StDev 87.498
V ariance 7655.840
Skew ness 4.6855
No of Days took at A FSA C

Kurtosis 26.6143
500 N 126

Minimum 2.000
1st Q uartile 24.000
400 Median 41.000
3rd Q uartile 68.250
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Maximum 646.000

300 95% C onfidence Interv al for M ean

48.184 79.038
95% C onfidence Interv al for Median

200 34.000 50.000

95% C onfidence Interv al for S tDev
9 5% C onfidence Inter vals
77.865 99.871

100 Mean

Median

0 30 40 50 60 70 80

Histogram (with Normal Curve) of No of Days took at AFSAC

Individual Value Plot of No of Days took at AFSAC 70 Mean 63.61
StDev 87.50
N 126
60

50

Frequency
40

30

20

10

0
-150 0 150 300 450 600
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 No of Days took at AFSAC
No of Days took at AFSAC

Analysis/RJAF
Summary for N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD
A nderson-Darling N ormality Test
1400 A -Squared 5.10
P -V alue < 0.005
Mean 362.51
1200 StDev 237.10
N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD

V ariance 56216.49
Skew ness 1.47628
Kurtosis 2.43519
1000
N 126
Minimum 5.00
1st Q uartile 207.00
800
Median 291.00
3rd Q uartile 466.25
0 300 600 900 1200 Maximum 1350.00
600 95% C onfidence Interv al for Mean
320.70 404.31
95% C onfidence Interv al for Median
400 258.90 320.00
95% C onfidence Interv al for StDev
9 5 % Confidence Inter vals
211.00 270.63
200
Mean

Median
0
250 275 300 325 350 375 400

Individual Value Plot of N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD Histogram (with Normal Curve) of N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD
35 Mean 362.5
StDev 237.1
N 126
30

25
Frequency

20

15

10

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 0 300 600 900 1200
N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD

13
 No Of Days took at AFSAC

Histogram of No of Days took at AFSAC Histogram of No of Days took at AFSAC

Normal Normal

-150 0 150 300 450 600 -150 0 150 300 450 600
O R O A D A
48 Mean 51.96
50 Mean 57.73
StDev 91.00 StDev 30.35
36
N 92 N 73
40 R 24 D
Mean 76.59 Mean 94.14
Frequency

Frequency
StDev 78.89
12 StDev 148.7
30 N 34 N 37
0
V V
48 Mean 39.94
20 StDev 59.09
36
N 16

10 24

12

0 0
-150 0 150 300 450 600 -150 0 150 300 450 600
No of Days took at AFSAC No of Days took at AFSA C
Panel variable: Type Submission Panel variable: Decision

Histogram of No of Days took at AFSAC Histogram of No of Days took at AFSAC

Normal Normal

AQ5 FGB FGZ FHB AQ 5

AL AO BA BB AL
Me a n 44 Me a n 372.3
40 St De v 27.39 St De v 295.6
N 6
40 N 4
20 F GB AO
Me a n 44.36 Me a n 24.75
St De v 19.49
0 N 42 20 St De v 33.36
N 8
FHZ FLB FLZ FNZ F GZ BA
40 Me a n 195.9
0 Me a n 52.5
St De v 293.7
BX CB DB DI St De v 14.85
Frequency

Frequency
N 7 N 2
20 F HB BB
Me a n 22.29 40 Me a n 39.64
St De v 13.35
0 N 7
St De v 16.43
FXA GK0 S9C S9G N 42

40
F HZ 20 BX
Me a n 35 Me a n 50.27
St De v 50.14 St De v 19.98
N 4
20 0 N 11
F LB DX EI CB
Me a n 20 Me a n 81.67
0 St De v 4.243 St De v 41.14
SDB SNC SRR N 2 40 N 18
40 F LZ DB
Me a n * Me a n *
St De v * 20 St Dev *
20 N 1 N 1
F NZ DI
0 Me a n * 0 Me a n 78.58
St De v * St De v 88.32
N 2 N 26
F XA DX
Me a n 81.17
No of Days took at AFSAC St De v 79.33
N 30
No of Days took at AFSAC Me a n *
St Dev *
N 1
GK0 EI
Panel variable: Source of Supply Me a n 62
St De v 64.14
Panel variable: FMS Reply to Request for Adj Me a n 29.08
St De v 21.89
N 8 N 13
S9C

No Of Days taken at RJAF

Histogram of N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD Histogram of N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD
Normal Normal

AQ5 FGB FGZ FHB AQ 5

Me a n 250.3
10 StDev 209.5
N 6
O R O
5 F GB Mean 298.3
Me a n 361.1
StDev 244.3
25 StDev 194.6
0 N 42
FHZ FLB FLZ FNZ F GZ N 92
10 Me a n 362.9
StDev 78.30 20 R
Frequency

Frequency

N 7
5 F HB Mean 536.2
Me a n 484.7
0 StDev 412.4
15 StDev 256.8
FXA GK0 S9C S9G N 7

10 F HZ N 34
Me a n 384
StDev 645.7
5 N 4 10
F LB
Me a n 389
0 StDev 253.1
SDB SNC SRR
10
N
F LZ
2
5
Me a n *
StDe v *
5
0
N 1
F NZ
0 Me a n *
StDe v *
N 2
F XA

N0 Of days at RJA F to submit SD

Me a n 415.1
StDev 199.9 N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD
N 30
GK0
Panel variable: Source of Supply Me a n 313.3
StDev 109.9
Panel variable: Type Submission
N 8
S9C

Histogram of N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD

Histogram of N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD
Normal
Normal
0 300 600 900 1200 0 300 600 900 1200

AL AO BA BB AL -300 0 300 600 900 1200

Mea n 395.8
10 StDev
N
120.8
4
A D A
AO
Mea n 728.8
20 Mean 320.6
5 StDev 258.3
StDev 209.9
N 8
15
BA
Mea n 183.5
N 73
StDev 23.33
0
BX CB DB DI N 2 10 D
Frequency

BB
Mean 472.9
10
Frequency

Mea n 349.8
StDev 258.8 5 StDev 251.2
N 42
BX N 37
5 Mea n 271.5 0
StDev 141.9
N 11
V V
CB 20 Mean 298.5
0 Mea n 297.6
DX EI 0 300 600 900 1200
StDev 82.22
StDev 250.0
N 18 15
10 DB N 16
Mea n *
StDe v *
N 1
10
5 DI
Mea n
StDev
413.8
215.7 5
N 26
0 DX

0 300 600 900 1200

Mea n * 0
StDe v *
-300 0 300 600 900 1200
N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD N 1

Mea n
EI
223.7 N0 Of days at RJA F to submit SD
Panel variable: FMS Reply to Request for Adj StDev
N
157.1
13
Panel variable: Decision

14
 Histogram of No of Days took at AFSAC
Normal

00

00

00

00
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
20

40
60

80

20

40
60

80
-4
-2

-4
-2
0

0
AQ5 FGB FGZ FHB AQ5
Mean 44
40 StDev 27.39
N 6

20 FGB
Mean 44.36
StDev 19.49
0 N 42
FHZ FLB FLZ FNZ FGZ
40 Mean 195.9
StDev 293.7
Frequency

N 7
20 FHB
Mean 22.29
StDev 13.35
0 N 7
FXA GK0 S9C S9G
FHZ
40 Mean 35
StDev 50.14
N 4
20
FLB
Mean 20
0 StDev 4.243
SDB SNC SRR N 2
40 FLZ
Mean *
StDev *
20 N 1
FNZ
Mean *
0 StDev *
N 2
00
00

0
0

0
0

00

00

0
0
0

0
0
20
40

60

80

20

40
60

80
-4
-2

-4
-2
FXA
Mean 81.17
No of Days took at AFSAC StDev 79.33
N 30
GK0

Panel variable: Source of Supply Mean 62

StDev 64.14
N 8
S9C

Histogram of N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD

Normal

AQ5 FGB FGZ FHB AQ5

Mean 250.3
10 StDev 209.5
N 6
5 FGB
Mean 361.1
StDev 244.3
0 N 42
FHZ FLB FLZ FNZ FGZ
10 Mean 362.9
StDev 78. 30
Frequency

N 7
5 FHB
Mean 484.7
0 StDev 412.4
FXA GK0 S9C S9G N 7

10 FHZ
Mean 384
StDev 645.7
5 N 4
FLB
Mean 389
0 StDev 253.1
SDB SNC SRR N 2
10 FLZ
Mean *
StDev *
5 N 1
FNZ
0 Mean *
StDev *
N 2
FXA

N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD

Mean 415.1
StDev 199.9
N 30
GK0
Panel variable: Source of Supply Mean 313.3
StDev 109.9
N 8
S9C

15
 SDR value

Summary for SDR Value

A nderson-Darling Normality Test
A -Squared 44.79
P-V alue < 0.005
Mean 90014
StDev 836020
V ariance 6.98930E+11
Skewness 11.155
Kurtosis 124.622
N 125
Minimum 132
1st Q uartile 1177
Median 3775
3rd Q uartile 9296
0 1500000 3000000 4500000 6000000 7500000 9000000 Maximum 9355376
95% C onfidence Interv al for Mean
-57988 238017
95% C onfidence Interv al for Median
2865 4732
95% C onfidence Interv al for StDev
95% Confidence Intervals
743658 954785
Mean

Median

-50000 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000

16
 D escr ip t ive St at ist ics: SD R V alu e, N0 Of d ays
at RJ , No of D ays AFSAC

Skewness
Variable N Mean SE Mean StDev Minimum Maximum Median

SDR Value 126 90014 74776 836020 132 9355376 3775 11.6

N0 Of days
126 362.5 21.1 237.1 5 350 291 1.48
at RJAF

No of Days
126 63.61 7.79 87.50 2 646.00 41.0 4.69
AFSAC

17
 Normality test

Probability Plot of N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD Probability Plot of No of Days took at AFSAC
Normal Normal
99.9 99.9
Mean 362.5 Mean 62.82
StDev 237.1 StDev 87.99
99 99
N 126 N 126
AD 5.103 AD 16.159
95 P-Value <0.005 95 P-Value <0.005
90 90
80 80
70 70
Percent

Percent
60 60
50 50
40 40
30 30
20 20
10 10
5 5

1 1

0.1 0.1
-500 0 500 1000 1500 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD No of Days took at AFSAC

Probability Plot of SDR Value

Normal
99.9
Probability Plot of Age
Mean 90014 Normal
StDev 836020
99 99.9
N 125 Mean 67.64
AD 44.790 StDev 85.84
95 P-Value <0.005 99 N 126
90 AD 10.803
80 95 P-Value <0.005
70 90
Percent

60 80
50
40 70
Percent

30 60
50
20 40
10 30
20
5
10
1 5

1
0.1
-4000000 -2000000 0 2000000 4000000 6000000 8000000 10000000
SDR Value 0.1
-200 -100 0 100 200 300 400
Age

18
 Correlation

• Correlations: SDR Value, N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD, No of D/AFSAC, Age

SDR Value N0 Of D/RJAF No of D/AFSA

• N0 Of D/RJAF -0.099
0.271

• No of D/AFSA 0.045 0.117

0.620 0.192

• Age -0.051 -0.144 -0.1

0.569 0.109 0.069

• Correlations: N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD, No of Days took at AFSAC

Pearson correlation of N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD and No of Days took at AFSAC = 0.110,P-Value =
0.221

• Correlations: SDR Value, No of Days took at AFSAC

Pearson correlation of SDR Value and No of Days took at AFSAC = 0.045,P-Value = 0.615

• Correlations: SDR Value, N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD

Pearson correlation of SDR Value and N0 Of days at RJAF to submit SD = -0.099,P-Value = 0.271

• Correlations: SDR Value, Age

Pearson correlation of SDR Value and Age = -0.051,P-Value = 0.569

19
 x bar chart

Xbar Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD Xbar Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD

1000 1000

UCL=870 UCL=870

750 750
Sample Mean

Sample Mean
500 500
__ __
X=363 X=363
250 250

0 0

LCL=-145 LCL=-145

1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

Xbar Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD Xbar Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD

900 900

800 800

700 700

600 600
Sample Mean

Sample Mean

500 500
__ 400 __
400
X=362.5 X=362.5
300 300

200 200

100 UB=90 100

LB=30 UB=40
LB=20
0 0
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

20
 S Control chart used to estimate the process
standard deviation directly

They are (cyclic pattern, Mixture, sudden shift in process model, no stratification ,no trend
Xbar Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD Xbar Chart of No of D/AFSAC
1000 400
1
1
UCL=870

750 300
1
1
UCL=224.3
Sample Mean

Sample Mean
200
500
__
X=363
100 __
250 X=63.6

0
0

LCL=-145 -100 LCL=-97.1

1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

Xbar Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD Xbar Chart of No of D/AFSAC

900 400
1
800 1

700 300
1
600 1
Sample Mean

Sample Mean

500
200
400 __
X=362.5
300
100 UB=90
200 __
X=63.6
100 UB=120
LB=30
LB=60
0
0
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

21
 R bar chart

R Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD R Chart of No of D/AFSAC

1 1
600
1000 1 1

UCL=881 500
800
400
Sample Range

Sample Range
600
300
UCL=279.2
400
_ 200
R=270
200 _
100 R=85.5

0 LCL=0 0 LCL=0

1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

R Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD R Chart of No of D/AFSAC

1 1
600
1000 1 1

500
800
400
Sample Range

Sample Range

600
300

400
_ 200
R=270
200 _
100 R=85.5
UB=60 UB=40
LB=30 LB=20
0 0

1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

22
 R +S charts Together
takes into count the range of the values

Xbar-R Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD Xbar-R Chart of No of D/AFSAC

11
1000
UC L=870 300
1
750 1

Sample M ean
Sample M ean

UC L=224.3
200
500 __
X=363 100 __
250 X=63.6
0
0
LC L=-145 -100 LC L=-97.1
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

1 1
600
1000 1 1
UC L=881
450
Sample Range

Sample Range
750

500 300 UC L=279.2

_
250 R=270 150 _
R=85.5
0 LC L=0 0 LC L=0
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

Xbar-R Chart of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD Xbar-R Chart of No of D/AFSAC

400
800 1
1

300
Sample M ean

Sa mple M ean
600 1
1

__ 200
400
X=362.5

200 100 __
X=63.6
UB=30
UB=30
LB=15 0 LB=15
0
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

1 1
600
1000 1 1

450
Sa mple Range

Sa mple Range

750

500 300 UC L=279.2

_
250 R=270 150 _
UB=120 R=85.5
LB=60 LB=20
0 0
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61
Sample Sample

23
 6 pack
Process Capability Sixpack of No of D/AFSAC
I Char t Capability H istogr am
1
1 LSL USL

Individual Value
500 Specifications
LS L 7
1 111 U SL 120
250 1
UCL=172.2
_
X=63.6
0
LCL=-45.0
1 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 -150 0 150 300 450 600

Moving Range Chart Nor mal P rob P lot

1
1 A D: 16.981, P: < 0.005
Process Capability Sixpack of N0 Of D/RJAF to submit SD 500

Moving Range
I Chart Capability Histogram 250 1 1
1
1 LSLUSL 1
UCL=133.4
__
Individual Value

1000
1
1 1 1 Specifications 0
MR=40.8
LCL=0
UCL=925 LSL 7 1 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 0 300 600

500 _ USL 120

Last 25 Observations Capability P lot
X=363
Within Within O v erall
0 50 StDev 36.2057 S tDev 87.6728

Values
LCL=-200 Cp 0.52 Pp 0.21
O v erall
1 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 0 300 600 900 1200 25 C pk 0.52 P pk 0.21
C pm *
Moving Range Chart Normal Prob Plot 0 Specs
1 105 110 115 120 125
1
A D: 5.103, P: < 0.005 Observation
1000 1
Moving Range

1 1
1 11
UCL=692
500
__ Process Capability Sixpack of Age
MR=212
I Char t Capability Histogr am
0 LCL=0 Individual Value 400 1
LSL USL

1 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 -500 0 500 1000 11

1
1 Specifications
1
UCL=237.2 LS L 7
200
Last 2 5 Observations Capability Plot _ U SL 120
X=67.6
Within Within O v erall 0

1000 StDev 187.652 StDev 237.575 LCL=-101.9

Values

1 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 -80 0 80 160 240 320

Cp 0.1 Pp 0.08
O v erall
500 C pk -0.43 Ppk -0.34 Moving Range Chart Normal P r ob P lot
C pm * 400 1
A D: 10.803, P: < 0.005
0 Specs
Moving Range

1 1
105 110 115 120 125 1 11 11 1
200 UCL=208.3
Observation
__
MR=63.7
0 LCL=0
1 14 27 40 53 66 79 92 105 118 -200 0 200 400

Last 25 O bservations Capability P lot

Within Within O v erall
200
StDev 56.5067 StDev 86.0071
Values

Cp 0.33 Pp 0.22
100 O v erall
C pk 0.31 Ppk 0.2
C pm *
0 Specs
105 110 115 120 125
Observation

24
 Also study the time series from the first day SDR received until final day where

financial issues completed, Time series plot of last two years SDR’s, Total Processing

Days indicates a high degree of variation within the overall process. For all countries

The overall average is 123.92 days, with a std dev of 67.39 days. The median is 106

days. Max was 357 days, for my country Days indicates a high degree of variation

within the overall process. For all countries the overall average is ….. days, with a std

dev of …..days. The median is ….days. Max was …. days.

25