SHALLOW

FOUNDATINS
Dr Atul R Kolhe
Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department
Dr D Y Patil Institute of Engineering Management & Research,
Akurdi PUNE

SE CIVIL Building Technology and Materials

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Topic Outcome
 At the end of this topic, students should be able
to:
 1. Explain shallow foundation
 2. Relate criteria to choose the foundation type

 3. Extend footing types with details

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Backward
 Foundation
 Deification
 Functions
 Requirements
 Types

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Types of Foundations

 Foundations may be broadly classified as:

• (a) shallow Foundation –

if depth(d) of foundation is equal to or less than its width(W)
d<w
• (b) Deep foundation
if depth(d) of foundation is greater than its width(W)
d>w

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

 Criteria to choose the foundation type
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Choosing a kind of foundation depends on:

i. the ground conditions
ii. the groundwater conditions
iii. the site,
iv. the environment
v. the buildings nearby
vi. the structure of our building

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Shallow Foundation
 Foundation is shallow if its depth is equal to or less than
its width. They are constructed where firm soil layer at
shallow depth (1.5m) is able to support structure.

 Types of shallow foundation

 1. Spread footings
 2. Combined footings
 3. Strap or cantilever footings
 4. Mat or raft foundation

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

 Shallow Foundation
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Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Spread footings
 Spreads the super-imposed load of a wall or a column over a larger
area.
 Used where the loads are light or there are strong shallow
soils.
 Spread footing may be of the following types –
 1) Single column footing
 2) Stepped column footing Pad footing
 3) Slopped column footing
 4) Simple Wall footing strip footing
 5) Stepped wall footing
 6) Grillage foundation

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

 Pad footing
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Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Strip footing

a)Stepped wall footing b)Simple Wall footing

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Grillage foundation

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Grillage footing

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Combined Footing
 A spread footing which
 supports 2 or more columns is termed as combined
 footing. The combined may be of following kinds
 • Rectangular combined footing
 • Trapezoidal combined footing
 • Combined wall footing

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Combined Footing

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Combined Footing

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Strap or cantilever footings
 If a Independent footing of two columns are
connected by a beam, it is called a strap footing.
 The strap beam does not remain in contact with soil,
and thus does not transfer any pressure to the soil.

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Strap or cantilever footings

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

 Strap or cantilever footings
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Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Strap or cantilever footings

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Footings under Building

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

 Single column footing Details
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Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Mat or raft foundation
 It is a combined footing that covers the entire area beneath a
structure and supports all the walls and columns.
 Used on soft or loose soils with low bearing capacity as they
can spread loads over larger area.

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Mat or raft foundation

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department

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Mat or raft foundation

Dr Atul R Kolhe, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering Department