Lecture 1

PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

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Absolute pressure – The actual pressure at a given position is called the absolute
pressure, and it is measured relative to absolute vacuum (i.e., absolute zero
pressure).

Gage pressure – Gage pressure is the pressure relative to the atmospheric

pressure. In other words, how much above or below is the pressure with respect
to the atmospheric pressure.

Vacuum pressure – Pressures below atmospheric pressure are called vacuum

pressures and are measured by vacuum gages that indicate the difference
between the atmospheric pressure and the absolute pressure.

Atmospheric pressure – The atmospheric pressure is the pressure that an area

experiences due to the force exerted by the atmosphere.
1 atm = 33.91 ft H2O = 10.34 m H2O = 14.696 lb/in2 =29.921 in. Hg =760 mmHg
=101.3 kPa = 1.013 bar
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 Measurement of Pressure
Pressure can be measured by the following two methods:

• Tube Gauges
• Mechanical Gauges

Piezometer and Manometer are the tube gauges used for pressure
measurement

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Piezometer

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THE END

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