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  • What Is The Concept Behind 2 Yield Points (Upper and Lower) in A Stress-Strain Curve?

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    Mahmoud Alwasif
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    Mild steels containing carbon interstitial atoms exhibit two yield points - an upper and lower - in their stress-strain curve. As stress increases past the proportional limit, dislocations become pinned by interstitial carbon atoms, requiring more stress to free them until reaching the upper yield point. At the upper yield point, many dislocations become unpinned, causing stress to drop to the lower yield point. Further straining may cause dislocations to repeatedly lock and unlock at the lower yield point, appearing as serrations in the stress-strain curve known as Luders band propagation.

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    Yield Points

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    Yield Points

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    Mild steels containing carbon interstitial atoms exhibit two yield points - an upper and lower - in their stress-strain curve. As stress increases past the proportional limit, dislocations become pinned by interstitial carbon atoms, requiring more stress to free them until reaching the upper yield point. At the upper yield point, many dislocations become unpinned, causing stress to drop to the lower yield point. Further straining may cause dislocations to repeatedly lock and unlock at the lower yield point, appearing as serrations in the stress-strain curve known as Luders band propagation.

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    What Is The Concept Behind 2 Yield Points (Upper and Lower) in A Stress-Strain Curve?

    Uploaded by

    Mahmoud Alwasif
    Mild steels containing carbon interstitial atoms exhibit two yield points - an upper and lower - in their stress-strain curve. As stress increases past the proportional limit, dislocations become pinned by interstitial carbon atoms, requiring more stress to free them until reaching the upper yield point. At the upper yield point, many dislocations become unpinned, causing stress to drop to the lower yield point. Further straining may cause dislocations to repeatedly lock and unlock at the lower yield point, appearing as serrations in the stress-strain curve known as Luders band propagation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    What is the concept behind 2 yield points (Upper and

    Lower) in a stress-strain curve?


    Mild steels having considerable amount of carbon atoms as interstitials show this kind of
    behavior which is known as yield point phenomenon. As the material is loaded and it
    reaches its proportional limit, dislocations generated gets locked by these interstitial atoms.
    Stress needed to free these dislocations increases till it reaches a critical level which is upper
    yield point. As it reaches UYP large amount of disloctions gets unpinned and thus stress
    drops. The stress at which it drops is called as lower yield point. Eventually the preceding
    dislocations sometimes go through a series of locking and unlocking process at the same
    LYP which is manifested in the curve as short serrations over a period of strain. This is
    called Luders band propagation.

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