Oil Analysis Basics Presentation:

How oil analysis reports will show Wear metals, Oil, Water & Fuel
patterns or information improved engine maintenance &
performance or product comparison.

Data provided for information purposes - not to compare products

SynMax University – www.synmaxperformancelubricants.com
 Oil Analysis Basics

•All Oil analysis reports have the same basic elements

•Oil Sample Information ( when and how is was taken)

(Sample number, Date , Miles or Hours on Unit or Oil.)
•Wear Metals measured in Parts Per Millions (PPM)
(Copper, Iron, Lead, Chromium, Aluminum, Lead)
•Additives measured in Parts Per Millions (PPM)
(Molybdenum, Phosphorus, Zinc, Magnesium, Calcium)
Contaminates
(Antifreeze, Fuel Dilution, Water, Silicon)
Oil Properties
(Viscosity, SAE / ISO, Sulfur, Oxidation, Nitration, Soot)
 Engine Oil Analysis Basics - Additives

Additives:
Manufacturer blends these element into the oil in different forms &
quantities. Additive package will vary depending on the type of oil

•Molybdenum – anti-wear for surface coating or treatment.

•Zinc – anti-wear works as “buffer zone” between surface areas.
•Phosphorous – anti-wear & extreme pressure work together w/ Zinc.
•Magnesium – dispersant/detergent
“ability to remove, hold & suspend dirt”
•Calcium - dispersant/detergent
“ability to hold & suspend contaminates”
•Sodium - dispersant/detergent
 SAMPLE OIL ANALYSIS:
Valvoline Racing ( 10W30) Oil Analysis.

Moly 1, Zinc/Phous.1300 Calcium 775, Silcon 6 Viscosity 10.72

Joe Gibbs XP-3 ( 10W30) Oil Analysis

Moly 1221, Zinc/Phous.1200 Calcium 849, Silcon 9, Viscosity 10.9

 Engine Oil Analysis Basics – WEAR METALS

Wear Metals ( Copper, Iron, Chromium, Aluminum, Lead)

These metals indicate wear on particular components in a compartment.
The particles reported in parts per million (PPM) indicates a wear
problem on a microscopic level before the problem can be detected by
conventional means. The essence of a wear problem is determined not
only by maximum limits for each metal, but more importantly, by a
relative increase or trend in one or more of these metals.
* Lead for racing applications, normally indicates the amount of racing
fuel in the oil from a leaded race fuel.
Wear Metal Normal Abnormal Severe Extra Severe
Iron 100 100-250 250-400 400+
Copper 40 40-100 100-200 200+
Chromium 40 40-100 100-200 200+
Aluminum 40 40-100 100-200 200+
Lead* 50 50-100 100-200 200+
Silicon 20 20-50 50-100 100+
 Engine Oil Analysis Basics - Additives

Molybdenum –
• Normal lubricants 0 ppm
• Advanced lubricants 100 ppm
• Advanced & Race levels 400+ ppm
Moly particulate size used within the oil is very important – (Large
particulate size will plug oil filters.) Quality Nano-dimension Moly
additives which are .1 micron (or less) and will pass through the smallest
fibers of oil filters and remain suspended within the oil without fall out
...……………………………………
•Zinc & Phosphorous – anti-wear works as “buffer zone”
between surface areas.
• Normal / Street level 500 ppm
• Heavy Duty / Race level 1300 ppm to 1500 ppm
• Extreme Duty Race level 1500 – 3000 ppm
Note: Higher Zinc / Phosphorous levels perform the following duties:
Increased the “Buffer Zone” area between surface parts for increased
anti-oxidation capabilities – which assists oil thermal & viscosity stability.
 Engine Oil Analysis Basics - Additives
Reduce Oxidation = longer fluid life

•Oxidation is “thermal decomposition” or simply “breakdown” from heat

reducing oil life & performance.
•The rate of oxidation becomes significant above 160°F (71°C). For every
18°F (10°c) temperature reduction, the rate of oxidation decreases and oil
life doubles.
•When heat is reduced, so is the oxidization breakdown process – which
increases oil life.
•Oil Oxidation – Quantity of oxidation performance in a used lubricant is a
direct measure of the oil’s serviceability. Oxidation thickens the oil and
forms harmful deposits which can corrode and hinder moving parts.
Excessive levels of oxidization are normally found because of
overheating, overworking or over extending oil drain interval(s).
• Advancements in oil product design provides thermal stability through
the synergy operations of better base oils for reduced internal molecule
friction, with natural viscosity durability, including nano-dimensional
moly or even nano diamond plating action, increased anti-wear level
performance, with advanced anti-oxidation additives.
• Friction and heat is greatly reduced.
 Engine Oil Analysis Basics – Additives Detergency

Additives:
•Magnesium – dispersant/detergent “ability to hold & suspend dirt”
•Calcium - dispersant/detergent “ability to hold & suspend
contaminates”
•Sodium - dispersant/detergent
Lower : 500 ppm – 1000 ppm
HD - Standard: 1100 ppm – 1500 ppm
Extreme/Racing: 1600 ppm – 3000+ ppm
Detergent additive quality and the amount used is equally important
both in Heavy Duty, Diesel & Racing applications which are similar in
creating carbon & contaminates from extreme duty uses etc.
Greater detergency additive performance, increases ability to flush
and hold in suspension contaminates within the oil, while allowing the
oil to still perform it’s lubrication duties at the highest required level.
 Engine Oil Analysis Basics - Contaminates

Contaminates

Antifreeze – in lubricating oil, even a small amount of antifreeze may

cause extreme engine sludge and possible failure
(0.1-0.49%=Severe; 0.5% or greater = Extra Severe)

Water – Any water present in most systems is abnormal The water

test, when in conjunction with other related tests in indicative of
condensation, a serious coolant leak, an outside source of
contamination, or emulsification of the lubricant
(0.1%-0.49% = Abnormal; 0.5%-0.99% or Greater = Extra Severe)

Fuel Dilution – The amount of unburned fuel present in the

lubricant. In excessive amounts fuel may reduce the lubricants
effectiveness, accelerate wear and may result in engine failure. This
test will indicate such problems as fuel line, injector, carburetor and
pump leaks.
 Engine Oil Analysis Basics – Contaminates

Silicon is (non metal particles)

•Sand, dirt, dust or similar type of abrasive ingested into the system.

•May also be indicative of an anti-foam additive.

• Silicone particles from seal/gaskets or engine building materials.

Silicon normal levels is 6 – 12%.

Anything above 22 could effect anti-foam package.

Note: Anti-foam level is a delicate balance ( more or less is not better)

it is possible high dirt or “silicon” levels can throw anti-foam balance.
 Oil Analysis Basics –Viscosity

Viscosity – This is the single most important property of a lubricating

oil. It is the measure of the flow or an oil at a given temperature,
ISO Viscosity Test is taken at 40C
SAE Viscosity test is taken at 100C or about 210F.
VISCOSITY @ 100c
Engine oils.
SAE Grade Range (CST)
5 3.80
10 4.10
20 5.60-9.29
30 9.30-12.49
40 12.50-16.29
50 21.90 – 26.09
Note: Synthetic oils over non-synthetic products has the ability to flow easier,
maintain viscosity index longer, come temperature and disperse heat quicker.
But Synthetics base oils do not replace the quality of other required additives for
high standards of performance.
Engine Oil Analysis Basics –Viscosity
 Reduce Friction - Increase Energy

Basic Illustration of all elements

working in “Synergy / Stability”.

Through the “Advantages” of:

• Better Base Oil (yellow)

( Pure Synthetic or Synthetic blend)
(Lower internal oil friction & greater
heat dissipation)

• Moly or Diamond Plating (blue)

(nano- dimensional protection
Including the filling of sub–micro sized gaps)

• Anti-Wear “AW” additive increase % (red)

(metal surface “buffer” for friction reduction)

Producing Thermal stability while reducing

Oxidization and Increasing Viscosity
Performance over the entire life of the oil.
 Reduce Friction - Increase Energy
Illustration of all elements working in “Synergy ”

Just because the bottle says Friction decreased; both

racing or heavy duty oil,
does not mean that is
contains the best of all the
elements required. Without
advanced additive packages
the engine suffers with
metal to metal contact and
thermal breakdown
internally within the base oil
The Choice is simple– and externally between the
All major elements & oil and contact surface
advantages working
together
areas with moly or Diamond
nano-dimensional plate
action including “AW” and
other advanced additive
packages.
 Joe Gibbs
. XP-1 (5W20) Oil Analysis.

Moly 1112, Zinc/Phous.1000, Calcium 775, Silcon 10, Viscosity 8.9

Joe Gibbs XP-2 (0W20) Oil Analysis

Moly 937, Zinc/Phous.900, Calcium 1135, Silcon 10, Viscosity 8.53

Moly 823, Zinc/Phous.1000 Calcium 1473, Silcon 13, Viscosity 9.53

Valvoline Racing ( 10W30) Oil Analysis.

Moly 1, Zinc/Phous.1300 Calcium 775, Silcon 6 Viscosity 10.72

Joe Gibbs XP-3 ( 10W30) Oil Analysis

Moly 1221, Zinc/Phous.1200 Calcium 849, Silcon 9, Viscosity 10.9

 Joe Gibbs XP-5 ( 20W50) Oil Analysis.
Synthetic Blend.

Moly 0790 Zinc/Phous. 700, Calcium 516, Silcon 5 Viscosity 15.8

Schaeffer Racing Oil (20W50) Oil Analysis (used)

Synthetic Blend

Moly 0451 Zinc/Phous.1900 Calcium 2400, Silcon 9, Viscosity 14.3

Valvoline VR1 Racing ( 20W50) Oil Analysis.

Moly 0, Zinc/Phous. 1200, Calcium 2800, Silcon 4 Viscosity 19.0

Joe Gibbs Racing Oil XP-6 (15W50) Oil Analysis

Synthetic

Moly 451 Zinc/Phous.1400 Calcium 685, Silcon 3, Viscosity 17.6

Pennzoil GT Competition (20W50) Oil Analysis.

Moly 114, Zinc/Phous. 2300, Calcium 2932, Silcon 21 Viscosity 19.0

Brad Penn Racing Oil ( 20W50) Oil Analysis

Moly 0, Zinc/Phous.1100 Calcium 1950, Silcon 3, Viscosity 20.4

 Oil Basics Analysis - END.

Aeromotive Research and Development Group presentation for

SynMax University – www.synmaxperformancelubricants.com