CIVE 3062 BIM Project
Topic 2
Integrated Project Delivery
Dr Wong Jing Ying 1
Sub-topics
• Project Delivery
• Contract Types
• BIM
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Project Delivery
• How the project will be designed and constructed?
• Considerations of the owner when selecting a PDM:
– Budget
– Schedule
– Quality/Function
– Risk
– Expertise
– Local market knowledge
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3
Contract Content
What does the contract documentation typically consist of?
• Drawings
• Quantities
• Specifications
• Condition of Contracts
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Project Delivery
Options of project delivery methods include:
i. Design Bid-Build or Hard-Bid
ii. Design-Build
iii. Construction Management at Risk
iv. Integrated Project Delivery
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Project Delivery
(i) Design Bid-Build or Hard-Bid
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Project Delivery
(ii) Design Build
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Project Delivery
(iii) Construction Management at Risk
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Comparisons of
Project Delivery Method
Owner Owner
Owner
Contract
ct
Co
ct
Co
tra tra
ntr
nt
n n
Co o
ac
rac
C
t
t
Design-
Contractor A/E Builder Contractor A/E
t Co n
trac trac trac
t Co n
trac
Co n
Contract
t Co n
Contract
t
SC1 SC3 SC1 SC3
Contractor A/E
SC2 SC2
t Co n
trac trac
Co n
Contract
Design-Bid-Build SC1 SC3 Construction
SC2 Management at Risk
Design-Build 9
Integrated Project
Owner
Contractor A/E
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PDM Distribution
• Project Delivery Method distribution in the
U.S. vertical construction market
– Design-Bid-Build (DBB) 60%
– Construction Management at Risk (CMAR)
25%
– Design-Build (DB) 15%
– Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) <1%
Source from CMAA (2012)
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Project Delivery Methods (PDM)
PROJECT DELIVERY METHODS
P3 (Public, private, Design- Design- CM at Risk Multiple Prime
partnership) Build Bid-Build Contract Contracts
LEAST OWNER’S RISK GREATEST
GREATEST CONTRACTOR’S RISK LEAST
LEAST OWNER’S CONTROL GREATEST
GREATEST CONTRACTOR’S CONTROL LEAST
Source from CMAA (2012)
Question:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of
these project delivery methods?
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Contract Types
Types of contracts:
• Lump sum (i.e., fixed price)
• Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP)
• Reimbursable
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Contract Types
Project Design-Bid- Construction Design-Build Integrated
Delivery Build (DBB) Management (DB) Project
Method at Risk Delivery
(CMAR) (IPD)
Contracting
Methods
Lump Sum Common Common Common Rare
Guarantee Rare Common Common Rare
Maximum
Price
Reimbursable Rare Rare-common Rare Common
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Procurement Methods
The procurement can be based on low price or
on a set of value criteria (experience, staff,
bonding capacity, etc.).
• Lowest price
• Best Value
• Qualification-based
• On-call/sole source
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Procurement Methods
Selection Criteria Low Bidder Best Value Best Qualifications
Project Delivery Selection is based Selection is based solely Selection is based
Method solely in Price on a weighted solely on Qualification
combination of Price and
Qualifications
Design-Bid-Build Most Common Common; Price evaluation Rare
based on Construction
Cost
Construction Rare Most Common; Price Common
Management at Risk evaluation based on
CMAR Fees and General
Conditions
Design/ Build Common Most Common; Price Common
evaluation based on fees
and GCs; may or may not
include Construction(Source
Cost from CMAA, 2012)
Integrated Project Rare Common Most Common
Delivery
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Procurement Methods
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Fast Track
• Fast-track approach: start the construction
before the design completion.
Question:
• Which of the three project delivery methods do
not fit into the Fast-Track approach?
• DBB, DB, CMAR.
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Fast Track
Questions:
1. What PDMs make the fast-track
happen?
2. How BIM technology enhances the
fast-track implementation?
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Integrated Project Delivery
IPD: a project delivery approach that integrates
people, systems, business structures and
practices into a process that collaboratively
harnesses the talents and insights of all participants
to reduce waste and optimize efficiency through all
phases of design, fabrication and construction.
Source from AIA California Council (2007)
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Integrated Project Delivery
• A project delivery method that contractually requires
collaboration among the primary parties – owner,
designer, and builder – so that the risk, responsibility and
liability for project delivery are collectively managed and
appropriately shared (CMAA, 2012).
• Building Information Modeling is essential to efficiently
achieve the collaboration required for Integrated Project
Delivery.
• Integrated Project Delivery encourages early contribution
of knowledge and experience and requires proactive
involvement of key participants.
Source from AIA California Council (2007)
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Integrated Project Delivery
Owner
Contractor
A/E
BIM
Solution for
SC1 Integrated Project
SC3
Delivery?
SC2
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Integrated Project Delivery
Identify, at the earliest possible time, the
participant roles that are most important to the
project.
– Owner
– Operator/user
– Designers (architects/engineers)
– Contractors
– Subcontractors
– Suppliers
– Equipment manufacturers
– Systems integrators
– Lenders 23
Source from AIA California Council (2007)
Traditional vs IPD
Traditional
Approach
IPD
Source from AIA California Council (2007)
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BIM
Conceptualization: WHAT is to be built
• BIM may be identified as the key technology
• Criteria Design:
• Different options are evaluated, tested, and
decided.
• In a project using Building Information Modeling,
the model can be used to test “what if” scenarios
• Visualization of building model is tied to cost
model
Source from AIA California Council (2007)
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BIM
Detailed Design: all of the key design decisions are
Finalized.
If Building Information Modeling is used, the following will
likely occur.
• Each group that is contributing to the model.
• Models and tools must be interoperable.
• Protocols must be developed to control data interchange.
• Estimating is done by extracting accurate information.
• Specifications for the building become prescriptive.
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BIM
• Implementation Document: The traditional shop
drawing process is merged into the design as
contractors, subcontractors and suppliers document how
systems and structure will be created.
• Traditional shop drawings will be substantially reduced.
• Schedule becomes the 4D.
• Cost in finalized into 5D.
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BIM
ESTIMATING
*Real time conceptual
modelling and cost
planning (Dprofile)
* Quantity extraction to
* Existing Conditions
SCHEDULING support detailed cost
FACILITY
estimates
Models * Project Phasing SUSTAINABILITY MANAGEMENT
* Trade Verifications from
- Laser scanning Simulations Fabrication Models * Conceptual APPLICATIONS
- Ground * Lean Scheduling - Structural Steel energy analysis * Life cycle BIM
Penetration Radar - Last Planner - Rebar
via DProfiler Strategies
(GPR) conversions - Mechanical/Plumbing * BIM As-Builts
- Just In Time - Electrical * Detailed energy
* Safety and Logistics * BIM embedded O&M
Models
(JIT) * Value Engineering analysis via manuals
* Animation, Equipment - What if scenarios EcoTech * COBie data
Deliveries - Visualizations
renderings,
- Quantity Extractions
* Sustainable population and
walkthroughs - Detailed * Prefabrication element tracking extraction
* BIM driven Simulation Solutions * LEED tracking * BIM Maintenance
prefabrication Installation - Equipment rooms Plans and Technical
* Laser accurate BIM - MEP systems Support
drive field layout
* Visual Validation * BIM file hosting on
- Multi-Trade
for Payment Prefabrication Lend Lease’s Digital
Approval - Unique architectural Exchange System
and structural 28
elements
BIM
Construction: The constructability has been considered in
the design and document stages. Therefore,
• Less on-site construction administration effort;
• Fewer RFIs;
• Better understanding of design intent;
• More pre-fabrication;
• Improved safety;
• An adjusted model based on “as built” conditions.
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BIM
Closeout:
• A more complete building information model will be
provided to the owner.
• The BIM model will be integrated into the building
operating system.
• The BIM model can be used to compare actual to
planned performance.
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References
• Jin, R. (2010). Master’s Thesis: “Relationship Between
Procurement Duration And Project Performance In
Design-buildwater/Wastewater Projects”
• AIA California Council (2007) “Integrated Project
Delivery”
• CMAA (2012) “An Owner’s Guide to Project Delivery
Methods.”
• C. Eastman, P. Teichholz, R. Sacks, K. Liston: BIM
Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling,
Wiley, New York, 2008
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