Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRANSFORMATIONS
RANSFORMATIONS
001. He still hasn't recovered from losing his job last year. ( BEING)
002. Children and older people are much more prone to infection than young adults. (P ICK)
003. You must try to accept that you will never be famous! (TERMS)
Everyone ___________________________
_____________________________________
__________ did so well in his exams.
005. Susan thinks that the colours are much too bright. (FAR)
As ______________________________
_____________________________________
_______ the colours are much too bright.
006. Students must not enter the exam late, whatever the reason might be. (CIRCUMSTANCES)
Under _______________________
__________________________________
______________
___ late.
007. Do you think your father was offended by what I said? (EXCEPTION)
008. This part of the building can only be accessed by authorised staff. (RESTRICTED)
Access to ________________________
___________________________________
_____________
__ authorised staff.
As ______________________________
_____________________________________,
_______, this manual is too difficult for me.
010. Susan couldn't get to the date because of the heavy rain. (PREVENTED)
Sally is _______________________________
_____________________________________
______ her father-in-law.
012. I didn't realise what she would suffer in the first place. ( DID)
Little ______________________________
_____________________________________
_______ would suffer in
i n the first place.
For__________________________
For_____________________________________,
___________, the pupils are living in a hotel.
He seems ________________________
____________________________________
_____________
_ about the meeting again.
018. She has taken it upon herself to take care of her mother. (COMMITTED)
020. I was surprised to find out that Martin hadn't married Jane. ( SURPRISE)
021. The deaths of almost sixty people were caused by the tornado. (RESULTED)
022. " I wish I'd had the chance to visit D ublin", Peter said. (NOT)
023. Although Mr. Rogers was over sixty, he continued to smoke forty cigarettes a day. ( SPITE)
In _____________________________________ over sixty, Mr. Rogers continued to smoke forty cigarettes a day.
024. Mary isn't able to do it. Frank isn't able to do it either. (OR)
No _____________________________________ my control.
027. It was only when I stopped the car that I realised something was wrong. (D ID)
028. It's very kind of you to help me with the suitcase. (APPRECIATE)
030. She preferred to take a course in general linguistics instead of wasting her time at mathematics. ( THAN)
031. Helen would like to thank you from all the team. (BEHALF)
035. George demands that the project should be finished now. (INSISTENT)
037. Although I like him very much, I don't want to socialize with him. (LIKE)
Much_____________________________________, I don't want to socialize with him.
038. She had only just entered the house when the telephone rang. (SOONER)
041. She had four daughters. The youngest of them was her favourite. (APPLE)
043. Everybody knows that the president died in a plane crash. (KNOWLEDGE)
044. The first pilot refused to endanger the safety of the passengers of the plane. (PUT)
The first pilot refused to _____________________________________ the safety of the passengers of the plane.
046. She informed the police because she assumed he was guilty of rape. (ASSUMPTION)
048. I haven't had such a bad cough for m any years. (HAD)
049. Thomas never pays much attention to what his mother says. (NOTICE)
050. But for the sea temperatures being unusually high, they would never have survived. (WOULD)
052. It's very unlikely that we will promote Ruth this year. (CHANCE)
He _____________________________________ it down.
058. They had offered him a gun for his protection. (PROTECT)
059. Having even a small quantity of drugs in your possession is illegal. (LAW)
060. People generally think of bowls as a sport for old people. (CONSIDERED)
063. You can’t learn all the vocabulary for the exam: all you can do is keep your fingers crossed. ( HOPE)
You can’t learn all the vocabulary for the exam: the only thing to do _________________________ the best.
064. At the last minute her courage failed her, and she decided not to leave home after all. (NERVE)
At the last minute she _____________________________ and she decided not to leave home after all.
068. We can’t buy a new flat – we don’t have enough money. ( AFFORD)
070. To me, he looks exactly the same in the photo as he does in real life. (DIFFERENCE)
I can’t see ___________________________________ way he looks in the photo and in real life.
071. The judges were generally less keen on stories set in the past than contemporary stories. (TENDED)
The judges ___________________________________ on contemporary stories than stories set in the past.
073. Several of the candidates were not considered because of their age. (PASSED)
074. For many teenagers, their friends are their highest priority. (MATTERS)
Friendship is _________________________________________ many teenagers.
076. Could you please reply to this email as soon as possible? (GRATEFUL)
077. We would have gone climbing if Br ian hadn’t advised us not to. (FOR)
078. Marek wasn’t given any assistance in writing the report. (ALL)
079. Freda still hasn’t decided if she’ll study medicine or law next year. (MIND)
080. It’s possible that Kathy has been delayed by the tube strike. ( HELD)
081. The airline spokesman did not explain why the flights had been cancelled. (OFFERED)
082. John was not sure how to pronounce his colleague’s name. (ABOUT)
083. Many people believe that pirates buried treasure on the island. (COMMON)
084. Some members of the audience were offended by the words of the song. (GAVE)
085. It is not certain when the college was founded but it was probably in the early 17th century. (EXACTLY)
Nobody knows __________________________ the college took place, but it was probably in the early 17th century.
086. Martin claimed that he was not responsible for the accident. (ACCEPT)
087. The builders will need to modify these plans extensively before they can start work. (MAKE)
The builders will need to _______________________________________ these plans before they can start work.
088. The scientists said that they were deeply disappointed by the results of the experiment. (EXPRESSED)
089. The students’ work has improved significantly this year. (HAVE)
090. Peter and his colleagues frequently misunderstood each other and this led to conflict. (BETWEEN)
Conflict was caused because of the ______________________________________ Peter and his colleagues.
091. James would only speak to the head of department alone. (ON)
092. There were a lot of things that we had to think about before we could accept their of fer. (OBLIGED)
There were several things that we__________________________ consideration before we could accept their of fer.
093. Do you think you could help me to f ill in this application form? (WONDERING)
094. I know that it was wrong of me to shout in front of the customers. (RAISED)
095. If you need any help, you can always call me. (HESITATE)
096. It hasn’t rained quite as much this year as in previous years. (SLIGHTLY)
097. Unless the weather improves, they will have to stop the tennis match. (MEAN)
098. I don’t mind whether we stay in or go out this evening, but John wants to go to the cinema . (DIFFERENCE)
It doesn’t ______________________ whether we stay in or go out this evening, but John wants to go to the cinema.
099. It’s possible that the thieves entered the building by forcing a window at the back. (BROKEN)
The thieves may ______________________________________ the building through a window at the back.
100. The rate of unemployment hasn’t increased quite as much this year com pared to previous years. (SLIGHTLY)
This year the rate of unemployment has increased ___________________________________ did in previous years.
101. It has rained much more in London over the last 10 years than it has ever done before. (CONSIDERABLY)
Over the last 10 years, the rainfall in London has ___________________________________ before.
102. The comedian was less funny than the audience expected. (NEARLY)
103. Every time he talks about going on holiday I g et really excited. (THE)
104. What was much better than I expected was the costume design. (EXCEEDED)
105. He wondered how likely it was that he would get top marks again. ( CHANCES)
106. Does he ever give you the impression that he would rather be talking to someone else? (FEELING)
107. Jenny’s generosity means that people exploit her good nature. (ADVANTAGE)
108. She needs to consider the amount the holiday is going to cost. (ACCOUNT)
109. The speaker rambled on for ages before stating what the lecture was about. (POINT)
It took ages for the speaker to ___________________________________ what the lecture was about.
110. We’d like to implement the idea immediately but we should wait a while. (PRACTICE)
112. Since the director could not speak at the awards ceremony himself, one of the actors took his pl ace. (BEHALF)
One of the actors made ___________________________________ the director at the awards ceremony.
114. The Japanese are the best at making pocket-sized technology. (SECOND)
116. The government is proposing that drivers should only use their cars on alternate days. (OTHER)
117. A common belief is that British people cannot speak foreign languages very well. (WEAK)
119. There's a chance that you might find some interesting wildlife, so take a camera with you. (HAPPEN)
You should take a camera with you in ___________________________________ across some interesting wildlife.
120. Rene's performance in last week's test was nowhere near as good as it was in today's. (CO NSIDERABLY)
121. If the bank refuses to lend us money, we might have to ask your parents instead. (REQUEST)
If the bank turns ___________________________________ a loan, we might have to ask your parents instead.
122. Karen's shyness means that she tries not to speak about anything personal in front of other people. (HERSELF)
123. This recipe is really a lot more imaginative than the others in this book. (MOST)
124. To help us run the exhibition next month, we need at least six people. (REQUIRED)
125. Since he was promoted to head chef, he has never been so stressed. (EVER)
126. You don't realize quite how much fat there is in that pizza. (DEAL)
127. The day after I lost my job, I did not feel like getting out of bed. (INCLINATION)
128. Yesterday I informed my boss in writing that I would be leaving the company. (NOTICE)
129. They've postponed the meeting until January to give the management team longer to decide. (OFF)
The meeting _________________________________ until January to give the management team longer to decide.
130. The company does not intend to create any redundancies even though profits are down. (NO)
Even though profits are down, the company _____________________________ any of their employees redundant.
131. I imagine it was tough for you to refuse every beggar that asked you for money.( TURN)
132. Tom should have admitted his mistake as the company usually gives employees another chance. (SECOND)
133. The government should have carefully considered the issue of global warming a long time ago. (ATTENTION)
The government should ___________________________________ the issue of global warming a long time ago.
135. It was a waste of time attending the protest, as the council had already made its decision. (PART)
We needn't ___________________________________ the protest, as the council had already made its decision.
136. Patrick is going to lose his job if he insists on arriving late to work. ( KEEP)
137. My parents are planning to pay someone to repair and redecorate their house next month. (UP)
138. I regret not concentrating more on what the teacher said during my Fren ch lessons. (ATTENTION)
139. It could be a long time before the dolphins swim past, so while we're waiting I suggest you relax. (MEANTIME)
We could be waiting for a long time for the dolphins to swim past, so _______________________________ to relax.
140. Team spirit no longer exists after one member of a team makes a mistake. (SUCH)
Once one member of a team makes a mistake there ___________________________________ as team spirit.
141. With only three buttons to push, this new food processor looks simple, but that's deceptive. (IN)
With only three buttons to push, this new food processor ___________________________________ appearance.
142. My brother and I have the same liking for junk food but he spends more time in the gym. (JUST)
143. It would be a good idea if you could lose a couple of kilos. (WEIGHT)
144. Jake used his month's free membership really well by going to the gym every single day. (MOST)
Jake ___________________________________ his month's free membership by going to the gym every single day.
145. My boss doesn't mind what time I start or finish work. (D IFFERENCE)
146. The moment I saw the filthy state of the restaurant kitchen, I no lo nger felt hungry. (SOON)
147. I had expected the snake dish to be much worse than it actually was. (BAD)
148. I would find Andy more attractive if he didn't laugh at strange things. (SENSE)
If it were ___________________________________ humour, I would find Andy quite attractive.
149. Each and every one of our employees has contributed to the great success of our company. ( SINGLE)
The great success of our company is due to the contribution ________________________________ our employees.
150. Because that store sells clothes made by child labour, he doesn't shop there anymore. (ACCOUNT)
He doesn't buy clothes from that store any more, ______________________ they sell clothes made by child labour.
152. If you should ever come to France, please feel free to visit us. (HAPPEN)
153. Johnson was quite surprised when he won the election and became President. (ABACK)
154. Except for John, who is still collecting data in Antarctica, we will all be able to attend the meeting. (WITH)
We will all be able to make ________________________________ of John, who is still collecting data in Antarctica.
155. The police now think he invented the story to protect his girlfriend. (HAVE)
156. The animal rights activist was so persuasive that I felt obliged to sig n the petition. (ADD)
I felt I had ______________________________ to the petition because the animal r ights activist was so persuasive.
157. They still haven't carried out a full assessment of the effects of these changes. (FULLY)
158. The idea of flexi-time seemed to be popular with most of our senior managers. (FAVO UR)
159. It won't be easy for anyone to take over John's job when he retires. (SHOES)
160. After the noise from the machine has stopped, you can open the lid. UNTIL == Do not open the lid of the
161. It was Jane who came up with the idea for the sales promotion. (B RAINS)
162. Having a holiday together was a mistake because we argued all the time. (NEVER)
163. During our summers, we used to compete with each other to see who could collect the most shells. (WOULD)
During our summers, we _________________________________ another to see who could collect the most shells.
164. Although I wanted to quit smoking gradually, my doctor told me to stop immediately. (PREFER)
If their research had been more thorough, the scientists ____________________________ to the wrong conclusion.
166. Can we please stay on one channel when we're watching TV? (KEEP)
168. Several of the applicants were not considered because of their age. (PASSED)
169. For many teenagers, their looks are the highest priority. (MATTERS)
171. It's a pity, but I'm sure Gerald can solve our problems. (COME)
It's a pity, but I'm sure Gerald can ___________________________________ to our problems.
172. Lynne's dedication to her family has always been exemplary. (HERSELF)
173. In spite of all my efforts I couldn't get him to change his mind. (HARD)
174. It may seem strange, but the painter has no formal training. (LACKS)
177. Sally was very pleased to be selected for the team. (DELIGHT)
178. Christiana wanted to make sure that everything was as it should be on the day of the exam. (LEAVE)
179. The price of gold has gone up a great deal recently. (SHARP)
180. Rick does not intend to see that film again. (HAS)
181. "Because of this new evidence I have no alternative but to release you." the judge told the accused. (LIGHT)
"___________________________________ I have no alternative but to release you." the judge told the accused.
182. Unless the weather changes dramatically overnight, the match will go ahead as planned. (NO)
Provided ___________________________________ the weather overnight, the match will go ahead as planned.
183. Brian found it hard to get used to the fact that his marriage had failed. (TERMS)
Brian found it hard ___________________________________ the fact that his marriage had fai led.
184. Rebecca didn't tell Clive the news until he had finished his dinner. (FOR)
185.They gave him the impression he had got the job. (LED)
He ___________________________________ he had got the job.
186. Don't let his friendly manner deceive you; he's a very unpleasant person. (TAKEN)
Don't let ___________________________________ his friendly manner; he's a very unpleasant person.
187. Did you manage to get in contact with the manager? (GETTING)
193. You must try to accept that you will never become a famous actor. (TERMS)
You must ___________________________________ fact that you will never become a famous actor.
194. I've tried hard to get on with him but I just can't. (MATTER)
197. I'm sorry now that I didn't tell you the truth. (REGRETED)
___________________________________ here.
201. She knew nothing about the party that they were planning. (DARK)
202. Our team has won the football championship for the second year running. (SUCCESSION)
203. You must never leave the workplace without letting the team leader know. (ACCOUNT)
205. The cost of living has gone up a great deal lately. (SHARP)
206. If you don't know what you're doing, you shouldn't dismantle the laptop. (APART)
207. I was shocked by the cheeky response that the girl gave to her mother. (ABACK)
I was ___________________________________ the cheeky response that the girl gave to her mother.
209. Angela was full of anticipation about the party next week. (FORWARD)
210. He’d been struggling to think of a really original birthday present. (COME)
No matter how he tried ___________________________________ an idea for a really original birthday present.
211. Her teacher said she wasn’t progressing as well as other students with her assignments. (DANGER)
Her teacher warned her that she was ___________________________________ behind with her assignments.
212. David thought it unfair that his team resented him for not scoring a goal. (AGAINST)
David thought it unfair that his team should ___________________________________ for not scoring a goal.
213. Holly decided that she’d ask to be transferred to another department. (REQUEST)
214. We decided we wouldn’t go with him to the airport after all. (SEE)
215. I thought she might have forgotten our meeting so I called her. (CASE)
216. Why should anyone be proud of the fact that they di dn't complete the project. (PRIDE)
Why should anyone ___________________________________ that they didn't complete the project.
217. When he won the championship, Stephen began to realise just how happy he was. (DAWN)
When he won the championship, it began ___________________________________ just how happy he was.
218. She may run into additional problems if she doesn't have any proper i nsurance. (PRONE)
219. Mr Brown was offended by some of the comments that were made about his wife. (EXCEPTION)
Mr Brown ___________________________________ some of the comments that were made about his wife.
220. It is important to know the difference between a joke and a lie. (D RAW)
221. Agatha never really expected the venture to be a roaring success. (OF)
224. The contract said that we didn’t have to accept the conditions immediately. (OBLIGATION)
The contract said that we were ___________________________________ accept the conditions immediately.
225. He wouldn’t have been interviewed by the police if he hadn’t seen the robbery. (WITNESS)
The police wouldn’t have interviewed him unless he ___________________________________ the robbery.
226. The paramedics were told that they should never place a human life at risk trying to rescue an animal. (CIRCUMSTANCES)
The paramedics were warned that ________________________________ place a human life at risk trying to rescue an ani mal.
227. If you need any help please don’t hesitate to ask. ( ASSISTANCE)
228. If it has to be cancelled the show will take place at a later date. (EVENT)
229. It is a pity I didn't meet your sister at the conference yesterday. (HAVE)
232. Felix was operating the machine when the accident happened. (TIME)
233. As far as I know, the car was stolen in the evening. (KNOWLEDGE)
235. If Sue hadn't refused to work ov ertime, she would have got promotion. (IT)
237. Titanic was so boring that I fel l asleep after the first hour. (LESS)
238. Mary, what do you think you would do if you won the lottery? (SUPPOSING)
239. The best thing to do is to be honest with her about the situation. (STRAIGHT)
240. I like to take my time to deci de, not rush important things. (SNAP)
242. In my job as a journalist, I can get money that is more than enough to live on. (LIVING)
243. I would have made different arrangements, if I had been warned about the situation. (HAD)
Although I can see your poi nt, ___________________________________ we don't have enough money to open a new branch.
245. I can lend you ten pounds, on the condition that you g ive me back the money next week, Shohei. (PROVIDING)
I can lend you ten pounds, ___________________________________ me the money next week.
246. Some of the rowdier students were encouraging other demonstrators to throw stones. (EGGED)
247. It's a good idea, but you r eally need to consider it carefully before you take action. (THROUGH)
248. My manager told me that I ought to test my new idea in a small way to see it works. (PILOT)
249. Jenny apologises, but she isn't very well today so she won't be coming in. (HERSELF)
250. The government recommend a balance of reward and punishment when dealing with young offenders. (STICK)
251. Apparently, only one percent of the total land is used fo r agricultural production. (ACCOUNTS)
252. Graham likes bananas, but when he eats them he always feels bad afterwards. (AGREE)
253. Let's all work together, and we'll fi nish the job very quickly. (NEXT)
254. If you want to succeed, you need to make best use of the things you are good at. (PLAY)
KEY
001. over being made redundant
002. pick up infections much more
003. come to terms with the
004. was taken by surprise when John
005. far as Susan is concerned
006. no circumstances may students enter t he exam
007. your father took exception to my
008. this part of the building is restricted to
009. as far as I am concerned
010. prevented Susan from
011. on good terms with
012. did she realise what she
013. the time being
014. to have forgotten
015. out of luck
016. in the habit of sleeping
017. did not come up to
018. committed herself to taking
019. for Ann’s beauty
020. came as a surprise to
021. resulted in the deaths of
022. not having had/that he had not had
023. spite of being
024. Frank or Mary is incapable of
025. no longer are the sales under
026. the exception of
027. when/after I stopped the car did I
028. appreciate your helping
029. all probability the flight
030. than waste her time
031. on behalf of
032. wish I had not had to
033. have been provided with
034. one way or another
035. is insistent on finishing
036. benefit from a good
037. as I like him
038. sooner had she entered
039. talked John out of going
040. was beyond my
041. of whom was the apple of
042. had not been for the heavy
043. common/public knowledge that
044. put a risk
045. would have liked to have studied
046. on the assumption that
047. arrival was due to
048. for many years have I had
049. take much notice of
050. unusually high sea temperatures, they would have been
051. was completely taken in by
052. chance of Ruth
053. was offered the job but turned
054. unwilling to speak, he has problems
055. no objection to Susan recording
056. came down with flu as soon
057. do not appeal to me
058. (that) he could protect
059. is against the law to
060. is generally considered (to be)
061. inland the wilder
062. should avoid going
063. is (to) hope for
064. lost her nerve
065. looking forward to seeing
066. were lucky to avoid
067. regret having made/making
068. can’t afford to buy
069. denies meeting / denies having met / denies that he has met
070. any difference in the
071. tended to be keener
072. does not look as if it / as though it
073. were passed over due / owing
074. what matters (the) most to
075. not overslept he would not have
076. would be grateful if you
077. had not been for Brian’s advice
078. the report all by
079. made up her mind whether
080. have been held up
081. offered no explanation
082. about the pronunciation
083. is a common belief
084. gave offence to
085. exactly when the foundation of
086. accept responsibility for
087. make extensive modifications to
088. their deep disappointment
089. have been significant improvements in
090. frequent misunderstandings between
091. insisted on speaking
092. were obliged to take into
093. was wo ndering if/whether you could/would/might lend/give
094. not have raised my voice
095. don’t/do not hesitate to call
096. slightly less than it
097. (any) better it will mean
098. make any/much difference to me
099 have broken into
100. slightly less than it
101. been considerably higher than
102. was not nearly as funny as
103. the more excited I
104. exceeded my expectation(s) was
105. were the chances of him getting
106. get/have the feeling that he
107. generous that people take advantage
108. to take into account how
109. get to the point
110. put the idea into practice
111. expert in the field of
112. a speech on behalf of
113. admit to being
114. are second to none
115. as a surprise
116. be used every other
117. be weak at
118. being taken for granted
119. case you happen to come
120. considerably better in today's test than
121. down our request
122. drawing attention to herself in
123. far the most imaginative
124. fewer than six people are required
125. from stress ever
126. great deal more
127. had no inclination of getting
128. handed in my notice
129. has been called off
130. has no intention of making
131. have been tough to turn down
132. have given him a second chance
133. have paid attention to
134. have taken more care when
135. have taken part in
136. he keeps turning
137. house done up
138. I had paid more attention to
139. in the meantime take some time
140. is no such thing
141. is simple only in
142. likes junk food just as
143. losing a bit of weight would do
144. made the most of
145. makes no difference to my boss
146. my appetite as soon as
147. near as bad as
148. not for his strange sense of
149. of every single one of
150. on account of the fact that
151. probably have been held
152. should you happen to come
153. taken aback after being
154. the meeting with the exception
155. thought to have made
156. to add my name
157. to be fully assessed
158. to be in favour of
159. to fill his shoes
160. until it has stopped making
161. was the brains behind
162. we had never gone
163. would compete with one
164. would have preferred to give
165. would probably not have come
166. wouldn't keep changing
167. you had kept my news a secret
168. were passed over due
169. what matters the most to
170. not overslept he would not have
171. come up with a solution
172. has always dedicated herself to her family in
173. how hard I tried
174. it may seem, the painter lacks any
175. never occurred to me to go
176. purpose in calling this meeting
177. to her delight Sally was selected
178. want to leave anything to chance
179. a sharp rise in the price of
180. has no intention of seeing
181. In the light of this new evidence
182. there is no change in
183. to come to terms with
184. waited for Clive to finish his dinner before
185. was led to believe
186. yourself be taken in by
187. succeed in getting
188. went according to plan
189. is restricted to
190. out of the question
191. no opposition to
192. have any objection to my watching
193. come to terms with the
194. no matter how hard
195. has been turned into
196. may have phoned
197. regret not telling you the
198. Smoking is forbidden
199. came up with the best
200. came in for
201. kept in the dark about
202. in succession, the football championship has been won
203. no account should you leave the workplace
204. little chance of getting
205. a sharp rise in the cost of
206. take the laptop apart unless
207. taken aback by
208. it that Simon is on the verge of
209. was looking forward to
210. he could not come up with
211. in danger of falling
212. hold it against him
213. in a request for
214. see him off at
215. in case she had forgotten
216. pride themselves on the fact
217. to dawn on Stephen
218. is prone to run into additional problems unless
219. took exception to
220. how to draw the line
221. expectation of the venture becoming
222. didn't have any intention of interrupting
223. insisted on going
224. under no obligation to
225. had been (a) witness to
226. under no circumstances should they
227. be of (any) assistance
228. the event of (it) being
229. like to have met
230. never crossed her mind
231. confident of her winning
232. being operated by Felix at the time
233. the best of my knowledge
234. at a loss as to
235. it not been for Sue's refusal
236. chairman's resignation resulted from
237. been less boring I would not
238. supposing you won the lottery
239. I would be straight with
240. make snap decisions about/on
241. (should) happen to see mum,
242. make/earn a good/decent living
243. Had I/If I had been warned
244. the bottom line is
245. providing (that) you give
246. being egged on to
247. needs to be thought through (carefully)/thinking through (carefully)
248. a pilot scheme/project
249. is/does not feeling/feel herself
250. carrot and stick approach/policy
251. accounts for (just/only) one percent of
252. do not agree with
253. in next to no time
254. play to your strengths