–

______
Proportioning
.
Empirical Proportioning
)
(
. (Finishing ) Placing
.
Available Materials
Required
Qualities at Minimum Cost
. Slump Quality

.
.
.

Expressing Proportions
___________________________________________

Granular Materials
Ratios
: : :
 .

. Compaction
. Bulking

Cement/Agrregates Ratio
:
: Rich or Lean Mix
. :

Cement Factor
( )
:

.
:
 –

( )
.
.

- -
:

= × = %
.

Aggregate-Paste Relationship
________________________________________________

( ) ( )
.
.
High
) Strength Concrete
.( - ) (

. .

.( - ) Suspension

.
.( / )
.
.
 –

Mix Design Methods

____________________________

__________________________
Empirical Method

Experience
Small Jobs .
( )
Plastic
.Workable
:

Consistency
: .

( /)
" " .
" "
.
.

. ( /) / -
. -
: / -
.
-
.
 _________
Trial Method________________

/
.
. /

.( % ) -
. ( /) -
. -
-
/ /
.( )
-
.
. -
. -

Absolute Volume Method

______________________________________

: Concrete Ingredients

C S G W
Absolute Volume = 1000 Liters
Gc Gs Gg 1.0

. =C
=S
=G
=W

= Gg , Gs , Gc
. =
 –

: Workability Strength

. -
. ( /) -
. -
. -

Practice Experience
G/S W/C C Laboratory Tests
Gg , Gs Gc
.
( )
.

:
Plastic
. /
/ %
:
. =
. =( )
. / =( )

:( ) ( ) -
. /
.% %
- :
: %
-

.
:
+( / ) =
 . / = + =
-
.
.( - )
=( / )
. =

( /)
( )
( )

: -
= ( / )=
300 S 1. 5S 150
Absolute Volume = 1000 litres
3.15 2. 65 2. 65 1. 0

. =
. =

: : :

:
 –

( ) ( )
:

Optimum Unit Weight Method

% .... % % % :

( - ) .
. %

Surface Area Method

/
.
.
Design of HSC Mixes
_______________________________________________

.( )
.
.

. / -
. -
. -
. -

%
%
%
%
:
.

.
.

.
.
 –

/
%
%

(Superplasticizers)

.ASTM C494 Type F

ASTM C494 Type G

(Superplasticizers)

+ /
%
%
%
%

/
.( )

.
)
.(

.
= )
 .(
. /

(1000 C SF)
log { }
fc
w / cm
3.0 * log ( )

( + ) w/cm
/ fc
- C
- SF

(w/cm)
. / = / =

:
= = =
= = =
 –

:
:
/ = -
= -
-
-
:

-
- - - - -
-

% = / -
.

. / = % -
. / =% × =

ASTM-Type % = -
G
=( + )× =

= = w/cm -
=
=( + ) =

% -
: .
( + ) = +

. =
 : -
475 47.5 0.375 W W 15.675 153.6
1000
3.15 2.15 2.65 2.7 1.15 1.0

. W
=
= × =

: -
= -
= -
= -
= -
= ASTM C494 Type G -
= -
____________________
 –

_________________________________
Concrete Mixes With Special Requirements

)
.(
.

:
. / = -
. -
. -

:
. / -
.( ) = -
.( ) : = -

:
. = -
. / = -
. / = -
. / = -
 :
. / = -
. -
. -

:
. / -
.( ) = -
.( ) : = -
.ASTM type G % -

:
. = - = -
. / = -
. / = -
. / = -

. / = -
. -

:
. / -
.( ) = -
.( ) : = -
.ASTM type G % -

:
. = - = -
. / = -
. / = -
 –

. / = -

:
. / = -
. -

:
. / -
.( ) = -
.( ) : = -
.ASTM type G % -

:
= -
. / = -
. / = -
. / = -

:
. / = -
. -

:
. / -
.( ) % -
.( ) = -
. % = -
. % = -
. % = -
.ASTM type G % -

:
= -
 . / = -
. / = -

:
. / = -
. -

:
. / -
.( ) = -
.( ) : = -

:
= -
. / = -
. / = -
. / = -

:
. / -
.( ) = -
.( ) : = -
.ASTM type G % -

:
= -
. / = -
. / = -
. / = -
–