Lesson 33: 

Weather 
Weather [hali ya hewa; hali ya anga] 

A). Weather 
baridi [cold]
joto [warm]
wingu / mawingu [cloud / clouds]
mvua [rain]
rasharasha; manyunyumanyunyu [light drizzle]
upepo / pepo [wind / winds]
umeme [lightning]
radi [thunder]
ngurumo za radi [thunderstorm]
dhoruba [storm]
kimbunga / vimbunga; tufani [heavy storm / heavy storms (e.g. hurricane)]
theluji [snow]
barafu [ice]
umande [dew]
ukungu [fog]
unyefu; mvuke [humidity]
chepechepe; nyevu [moist]
halijoto [temperature]
halijoto chini [low temperature]
halijoto kali / halijoto juu [high temperature]
vipimo / viwango vya joto [measures / levels of warm temperatures]
vipimo / viwango vya baridi [measures / levels of cool temperatures]
nyota [stars]
upinde wa mvua/lindi [rainbow]
mawimbi kasi [air waves / gusts]
chamchelea [whirlwind / tornado / circling winds]
sayari [planet]
jua [sun]
mwezi [moon]


B). Msamiati zaidi wa hali ya hewa / hali ya anga 
Istiwai / Ikweta [equator]
Tropiki ya Kansa [Tropic of Cancer]
Tropiki ya Kaprikoni [Tropic of Capricorn]
Grinwichi / ustiwai [Greenwich Meridian]
longitudo / mistari ya longitudo [longitude / longitude lines]
latitudo / mistari ya latitudo [latitude / latitude lines]
kupatwa kwa jua [solar eclipse]
kupatwa kwa mwezi [lunar eclipse]

C. Sayari [Planets] 

i. Sayari za Ndani [Inner Solar System Planets] 
Zaibaki / Zebaki [Mercury]
Zuhura [Venus]
Dunia / Ulimwengu [Earth]
Mirihi / Masi [Mars]

ii.  Sayari za Nje [Outer Solar System Planets] 
Jupita [Jupiter]
Zohali / Satuni [Saturn]
Kausi / Uranasi [Uranus]
Neptuni / Saratani [Neptune]
Pluto / Utaridi [Pluto]


Maelezo: 
1). Sayari zilizo karibu zaidi na Dunia ni Zuhura na Mirihi.
2). Sayari kubwa kuliko zote ni mshatarii.
3). Sayari iliyo mbali zaidi ni Pluto / Utaridi.
4). Sayari iliyo na uhai na viumbe wenye uhai na ni (mbali na Dunia /
ulimwengu) ni Mirihi / Masi.
5). Sisi wanadamu / watu tunaishi katika sayari iitwayo Dunia.
6). Sayari moto, kubwa na joto ni Jua.
7). Sayari inayozunguka Dunia huitwa mwezi.

D. Kuna [There is] 
Swahili expresses weather conditions as nouns and not as adjectives like English.
Avoid using English structures when expressing such conditions.

Mifano:
1. Kuna baridi. [There is cold. (It is cold.)]
2. Kuna joto. [There is heat. (It is hot.)]
3. Kuna mvua. [There is rain. (It is raining.)]
4. Hakuna baridi. [There is no cold. (It is not cold.)]
5. Hakuna joto. [There is no heat. (It is not hot.)]
6. Hakuna mvua. [There is no rain. (It is not raining.)]

Zingatia [Note]
kuna [There is...]
hali ya anga / hali ya hewa [weather conditions]
namna gani [how is (it)]

Question Formation
Mifano: 
1. Hali ya anga namna gani leo?
[How is the weather condition today?]
a). Leo kuna joto jingi / sana. [Today there is a lot of heat/warmth. /
It is very hot/warm.]
b). Kuna joto jingi / sana. [There is a lot of heat/warmth. / It is
very hot/warm.]

2. Habari za hali ya anga leo?

[How is the weather condition today?]
a). Leo kuna baridi.
b). Kuna baridi.
c). Kuna baridi kidogo.
d). Kuna baridi nyingi / sana.
[Today there is cold. / Today it is cold.]
[There is cold. / It is cold.]
[There is a little cold. / It is a little
cold.]
[There is a little cold. / It is a little
cold.]

3. Habari za hali ya anga jana?
[How was the weather condition yesterday?]
a). Jana kulikuwa na baridi [Yesterday there was a lot of cold. /
sana/kali. Yesterday was very cold]
b). Jana ilikuwa baridi sana/kali. [Yesterday was very cold.]
c). Kulikuwa na baridi sana/kali. [There was a lot of cold.]

4. Habari za hali ya anga kesho?

[How will the weather condition be tomorrow?]
a). Kesho kutakuwa na mvua [Tomorrow there will be a lot of rain.]
nyingi.
b). Kutakuwa na mvua nyingi. [There will be a lot of rain.]
c). Kutakuwa na mvua kidogo. [There will be a little rain.]

5. Wewe unapenda hali ya anga gani?

[What kind of weather do you like?]
Mimi ninapenda wakati wa [I like cold weather.]
baridi.

6. Wewe hupendi hali ya anga gani?

[What weather don't you like?]
Sipendi theluji. [I do not like snow.]

7. Kaka / Dada / Mama / Baba yako hapendi

hali gani ya anga?
[What weather does your brother / sister / mother / father
dislike?]
Yeye hapendi __________. [He / She does not like ________.]