FAULT CALCULATION

 Source Data:

 Short Circuit Current (As per \data):

No. Description 33 kV BUS

1 Three phase Fault (Maximum) at 33 kV Bus in kA 20.03
3 Single phase Fault (Maximum) at 33 kV Bus in kA 3.000

 Short Circuit MVA:

No. Description 33 kV BUS

1 Three phase Fault (Maximum) at 33 kV Bus in MVA 1144.0
3 Single phase Fault (Maximum) at 33 kV Bus in MVA 171.4730

1.3. 33kV Line Data:

UG-1
 33 kV, 3C, 300 mm2

Positive Sequence impedance = 0.080+0.105i Ω/km

Negative Sequence impedance = 0.080+0.105i Ω/km
Zero Sequence impedance = 0.130+0.270i Ω/km
Cable Length ≈ 100m = 1.0 km
UG-2
Positive Sequence impedance = 0.080+0.105i Ω/km
Negative Sequence impedance = 0.080+0.105i Ω/km
Zero Sequence impedance = 0.130+0.270i Ω/km
Cable Length = 3.3337 km
OHL-1
Positive Sequence impedance = 0.2276+0.3378i Ω/km
Negative Sequence impedance = 0.2276+0.3378i Ω/km
Zero Sequence impedance = 0.4046+1.6290i Ω/km
Cable Length = 2.8 km

 Transformers Data:

Transformer TR-1 TR-2

HV Side Voltage 33000 33000
LV Side Voltage 11500 11500
SC impedance Zsc % 12.53 12.52
X/R Ratio 24 24
 Manual Calculation:

 Per Unit Transformation

Ipu = ISC / Ib

Ib = MVAb/ KVb

Zb = (KVb)2 / MVAb Ω

Zpu = Zactual / Zb

Zpu new = Zpu old x [ (KVb old)2 / (KVb new)2 x (MVAb new) / (MVAb old) ]

Isc pu 1-ph = 3 x Io = 3 x E / (Z1pu + Z2 pu + Zo pu)

 @ Source:

KVb = 33 kV & MVAb = 20 MVA

Zb = 332 / 20 = 54.45 Ω

Ib = 20000 / ( = 349.9 A
 3-ph fault:

Z1 pu min = j 0.017472

 1-ph fault:

Assume Z1 = Z2

Z1 pu = j 0.116686
ISC = 20030 A & Ib = 349.9 A
Ipu = 20030 / 349.9 = 57.22

Isc pu 3-ph = 3 x Io = 3 x E / (Z1pu + Z2pu + Zopu)

57.22 = 3 x 1 / (j 0.116686+ j 0.116686 + Zo pu)

∴ Zo pu min = j 0.18094

 For Cables:

Cable-1
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = (0.08 + 0.105i) *1/ 54.45 = 0.001469 + j 0.001928
Zo pu = (0.130 + 0.270i) *1/ 54.45 = 0.0023875 + j 0.0049587
OHL -1
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = (0.2276+0.3378i)*2.8/54.45 =0.0117+0.01737i
Zo pu = (0.4046+1.6290i)*2.8/54.45 =0.0208+0.08376i
Cable-2
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = (0.08 + 0.105i) *3.337/ 54.45 = 0.004898 + j 0.006428
Zo pu = (0.130 + 0.270i)*3.337/ 54.45 = 0.007967+ j 0.016547
LINE-1 = Z C1 + Z OHL-1
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = 0.013169 + j 0.019298
Zo pu = 0.0231875 + j 0.088718
LINE-2 = Z C2
Z1 pu =Z2 pu = 0.004898 + j 0.006428
Zo pu = 0.007967 + j 0.016547
 For Transformers:

 TR-1&2:

Z1 pu = 0.1252 & X/R = 24

(R2+x2) = 0.12522,
R = 0.004929,
X = 0.118297

Assume Z1 pu=Z2 pu=Zo pu= 0.005212+j 0.12509

  Per unit impedances summary refer to 20 MVA base:

Source
line 1& line 2
Item Max 3- Max 1-ph TR-1&2
ph Fault Fault L-1 L-2
Pos. seq.
impedance
j0.017472 j 0.116686 0.013169 + j 0.019298 0.004898 + j 0.006428 0.005212+j 0.12509

Neg. seq. Not

impedance Required
j 0.116686 0.013169 + j 0.019298 0.004898 + j 0.006428 0.005212+j 0.12509

Zero seq. Not

impedance Required
J 0.18094 0.0231875 + j 0.088718 0.007967 + j 0.016547 0.005212+j 0.12509
 Max 3-ph Fault current @11.5 kV bus when both transformers working in
parallel:

For balance 3-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (1)

Z T pu = ZS1 min pu + (ZL1 1 pu + ZTR1 1 pu ) // ( ZL2 1 pu + ZTR2 1 pu )

= j 0.017472 +( 0.013169 + j 0.019298 + 0.005212+j 0.12509) //

(0.007967 + j 0.016547+ 0.005212+j 0.12509))

=0.0069408+j0.08634
= 0.08662 85.403°

IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage, E= 1pu)

∴IF pu = 1 / 0.07650 85.403°

= 11.5446 85.40° Lag.

@ 11.5 kV bus

Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) = 1004 A

Isc = Ib x Ipu = 11.544x 1004 = 11590.8 -85.403° A

Isc 3-ph max = 11.59KA

 Min 3-ph Fault current @11.5 kV bus when each Transformer working
separately (11 kV bus section open)

For balance 3-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (2)

Fig (2)

Z T pu = (ZS1 pu +ZLine-2 pu + ZTR2 1 pu)

= j 0.017472 +0.013169 + j 0.019298+ 0.005212+j 0.12509
= 0.018381+j0.16186
= 0.1629 83.5°

IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage , E= 1 pu)

∴IF pu = 1/0.1629 83.5

= 6.138 83.5° Lag.

@ 11.5 kV bus
Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) =1004 A
Isc = Ib x Ipu = 6.138 x 1004 = 6163.2775 -85.5° A
Isc 3-ph min = 6.163 KA

 Max 1-ph Fault current @11.5 kV bus when both transformers working in
parallel

For 1-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (3)

Z T pu = ZS1 min pu + (ZL1 1 pu + ZTR1 1 pu ) // ( ZL2 1 pu + ZTR2 1 pu ) +

ZS2 min pu + (ZL1 2 pu + ZTR1 2 pu ) // ( ZL2 2 pu + ZTR2 2 pu )+ ((ZTR1 o pu) // (ZTR2 o pu))

= j 0.017472 +( 0.013169 + j 0.019298 + 0.005212+j 0.12509) //

(0.007967 + j 0.016547+ 0.005212+j 0.12509)) + j 0.017472 +( 0.013169 + j 0.019298 +
0.005212+j 0.12509) // (0.007967 + j 0.016547+ 0.005212+j 0.12509)) +(0.005212+j 0.12509)//
(0.005212+j 0.12509)

= 0.01648+j0.23522
= 0.2358 86°
IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage, E= 1pu)
∴Io pu = 1 / 0.2358 86° = 4.24 86°Lag.
IF pu = 3 x Io pu = 3 x 4.24=12.722
= 12.722 87.965° Lag.

@ 11.5 kV bus
Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) = 1004 A
Isc = Ib x Ipu = 12.722 x 1004 = 12773.2 - 86.0° A

Isc 1-ph max = 12.77 KA

 Min 1-ph Fault current @11.5 kV bus when each Transformer working
separately (11 kV bus section open)

For 1-ph fault the sequential circuit will be as in fig (4)

Z T pu = [(j 0.017472 +0.013169 + j 0.019298+ 0.005212+j 0.12509)+ (j 0.017472 +0.013169 + j

0.019298+ 0.005212+j 0.12509)+ (0.005212+j 0.12509)]
= 0.04197+j 0.4488 = 0.4507 87.78°

IF pu = E / Z T pu (Assume the pre fault voltage equal to nominal voltage , E= 1pu)

∴Io pu = 1 / 0.2065 87.78° 2.218 84.65° Lag.

IF pu = 3 x Io pu = 3 x 2.2184 = 6.655 84.6° Lag.

@ 11.5 kV bus

Ibase = 20 / (1.732 x 11.5) = 1004 A

Isc = Ib x Ipu = 6.655 x 1004 = 6681.92 84.65° A

Isc 1-ph max = 6.68 K