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Module 3
Design of Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams
Introduction – Minimum thickness -Steps of Designing Deep beams – design by IS 456 - Detailing of Deep beams.
1. Deep Beam Definition - IS 456 2. Deep Beam Application
A deep beam is having a depth comparable to the span RC deep beams have useful applications in
• tall buildings,
• offshore structures and foundations
TRANSFER GIRDER
• The elementary theory of bending for simple beams may not be applicable to deep beams even
under the linear elastic assumption.
• A deep beam is in fact a vertical plate subjected to loading in its own plane. The strain or stress
distribution across the depth is no longer a straight line, and the variation is mainly dependent on
the aspect ratio of the beam.
• The analysis of a deep beam should therefore be treated as a two dimensional plane stress
problem, and two-dimensional stress analysis methods should be used in order to obtain a realistic
stress distribution in deep beams even for a linear elastic solution.
FE RESULTS
COMPRESSION
2m
TENSION
4m
4m COMPRESSION
TENSION
4m
• Following approximations are suggested for design
purposes to compute the lever arm Z
Z
L/D 2
L/D < 1
Z
5. Compressive force path concept
• The load-carrying capacity of an RC structural member is
associated with the strength of concrete in the region of the
paths along which compressive forces are transmitted to the
supports.
TENSION
COMPRESSION
TENSION
7. Deep beam behaviour at ultimate limit state
Behaviour of a deep RC beam with a rectangular cross section and without shear
reinforcement may be divided into two types of behaviour depending on
• either a/d, for beams subjected to two-point loading,
• or L/d, for beams under UDL
Case 1:Deep beam without web reinforcement subjected to two-point loading with a / d=1.5
A. SS BEAMS
NOTE:
Anchorage of positive reinforcement may be achieved by bending of the bars in a horizontal
plane
B. CONTINUOUS BEAMS
C. Web Reinforcement in Deep Beams
A transfer girder 5.25 m length supports two columns located at 1.75 m from each end.
Column loads = 3750 kN . Total depth of the beam = 4.2m and width of support = 520mm.
Concrete Grade = M40, Fe 415 steel.
Design and Detail the girder.
Leff
1. C/C distance between supports
2. 1.15 x clear span whichever is less
Step 1: Check for bearing capacity at support
• Let B = Beam width
• Allowable stress = 0.45 x 40 = 18MPa
• Support width = 520 mm
• Effective width of support = 0.2x Clear Span
= 0.2x(5250 - 2x520) = 842 mm
• Adopt 520 mm
• 18 = 1.5 x 3750 x 103 / (520 x B); B = 600 mm
• Leff = 5250 - 520 = 4730 mm or 1.15 x (5250 – 2 x520) = 4841 mm ; Leff = 4730 mm CL 29.2
• D/b < 25 or L/b < 50 : 4200/600 = 7 ; 4730/600 = 7.88
• L/D = 4730/4200 = 1.13 > 1 and < 2 ; Deep Beam category CL 29.1
Step 2 : Factored Moments, Ast
• Mu = 1. 5 x ( 3750 x 1.49) = 8382 kNm
• Lever arm Z = 0.2 (Leff + 2D) = 0.2 x (4730 + 2 x 4200) = 2626mm CL 29.2 (a)
• Ast = Mu/(0.87fy Z) = 8382 x106 /(0.87 x 415 x 2626) = 8841 mm2
• Ast min = 0.85 x b x D /415 = 0.85 x 600 x 4200 /415 = 5161 mm2 cl 26.5.1.1
• Adopt 18 - #25 , Ast = 8836 mm2
Step 3: Detailing of Rebars
CL 29.3.1
• Tension Zone Depth = 0.25 D – 0.05Leff = 0.25 x 4200 –
0.05 x 4730 = 814 mm 814
325
ELEVATION PLAN
#12@300 ; cl 32.5 (a)
#12@300
TYP Vertical additional rebars
2100
near support CL 32.5 (a)
Tension Zone
814 CL 29.3.1
1260
18-#25 in
6 Rows
#16@300 additional rebars near support (horizontal)
520 adequately anchored as per CL 32.5(c)
5250
Example 2 – Simply Supported Deep Beam ; M20, Fe415
250
Step 4: Detailing of Vertical Rebars: CL 32.5
64 (min = 4dia)
250 (Beam Width)
40
1
2
380
40 5dia
(80)
1
40
2 Rebars are embedded into the support by extending it to
a maximum possible length and then providing 1800
500 Support Face hook which project along the width of the beam
PLAN
#10@450 ; cl 32.5 (a)
Vertical Stirrups Compression Zone
2900 mm
#12@ 450
cl 32.5 (c)
#10@450
Vertical additional rebars
TYP near support CL 32.5 (a)
1750
Tension Zone
600 CL 29.2.1
1050 1050
10 -#16 in
5 Rows
#12@450 additional rebars near support (horizontal)
500 adequately anchored as per CL 32.5(c)
6000
Example 3 : Fixed ends and continuous Deep Beam
Step 1: Check for bearing capacity at support
• Concrete Grade = M35
• Allowable stress = 0.45 x 35 = 15.75 MPa CL 34.4
• Support width = 500 mm
• Effective width of support = 0.2x Clear Span
= 0.2 x 5000 = 1000 mm
• Adopt 500 mm
• Total Load W = 0.25 x 3 x 11.5 x 25 + 200 x11.5 = 2515.625 kN
• Reaction at Interior support = W = 2515.625/2 =1257.81 kN
• Bearing Pressure = 1.5 x 1257.81 x 103 / (500 x 250)
= 15 MPa < 15.75 MPa OK
• Leff = 5500 mm or 1.15 x 5000 = 5750 mm
• Adopt Leff = 5500 mm CL 29.2
• D/b = 12 < 25 or L/b=22; < 50
• L/D = 5500/3000 = 1.83 > 1 and < 2.5
• Deep Beam category CL 29.1
Step 2 : Factored Moments, Ast
Span Moment
• Mu = 1. 5 x 218.75 x 5.52/24 = 413.6 kNm
• Lever arm Z = 0.2 (Leff + 1.5D) = 0.2 x (5500 + 1.5 x 3000) = 2000mm CL 29.2 (b)
• Ast = Mu/(0.87fy Z) = 413.6 x 106 /(0.87 x 415 x 2000) = 573 mm2
• Ast min = 0.85 x b x D /415 = 0.85 x 250 x 3000 /415 = 1536 mm2 CL 26.5.1.1
• Adopt 8 - #16 , Ast = 1608 mm2
Support Moment
• Mu = 1. 5 x 218.75 x 5.52/12 = 827 kNm
• Lever arm Z = 0.2 (Leff + 1.5D) = 0.2 x (5500 + 1.5 x 3000) = 2000mm CL 29.2 (b)
• Ast = Mu/(0.87fy Z) = 827 x 106 /(0.87 x 415 x 2000) = 1145 mm2
• Ast min = 0.85 x b x D /415 = 0.85 x 250 x 3000 /415 = 1536 mm2 CL 26.5.1.1
• Adopt Ast = 1536 mm2
Step 3: Detailing of Rebars in Span region
CL 29.3.1
• Tension Zone Depth = 0.25 D – 0.05Leff = 0.25 x 3000 – 0.05 x 5500 = 475 mm
• Assume Clear bottom and side cover = 40 mm 145
145
• Arrange bars in 4 rows in a depth = 475 mm 475
145
40
250
Step 4: Detailing of Rebars in Support region CL 29.3.2
64 (min = 4dia)
250 (Beam Width)
40
1
2
380
40 5dia
(80)
1
40
2 Rebars are embedded into the support by extending it to
a maximum possible length and then providing 1800
500 Support Face hook which project along the width of the beam
PLAN
6 - #16 in 3 Rows (Zone 1)
* Curtailment position measured
from support face
1500* 1500* 1500* 1500*
A reinforced girder 4.5 m deep is continuous over two spans 9 m c/c, resting on column supports 900 mm
width is to be designed to support a total load of 200 kN/m including its own weight. M20 and Fe415
Step 1: Check for bearing capacity at support
Span Moment
• Mu = 1. 5 x 200 x 92/24 = 1012.5 kNm
• Lever arm Z = 0.2 (Leff + 1.5D) = 0.2 x (9000 + 1.5 x 4500) = 3150mm CL 29.2 (b)
• Ast = Mu/(0.87fy Z) = 1012.5 x 106 /(0.87 x 415 x 3150) = 890 mm2
• Ast min = 0.85 x b x D /415 = 0.85 x 350 x 4500 /415 = 3226 mm2 CL 26.5.1.1
• Adopt 8 - #25 in 4 rows
Support Moment
• Mu = 1. 5 x 200 x 92/12 = 2025 kNm
• Ast = Mu/(0.87fy Z) = 2025 x 106 /(0.87 x 415 x 3150) = 1780 mm2
• Ast min = 3226 mm2 CL 26.5.1.1
• Adopt Ast = 3226 mm2
Step 3: Detailing of Rebars in Span region
CL 29.3.1
• Tension Zone Depth = 0.25 D – 0.05Leff = 0.25 x 4500 – 0.05 x 9000 = 675 mm
• Assume Clear bottom and side cover = 40 mm 210
210
• Arrange bars in 4 rows in a depth = 675 mm 675
210
45
350
Step 4: Detailing of Rebars in Support region CL 29.3.2
40
1
2 Rebars are embedded into the support by extending it to
735
40 5dia a maximum possible length and then providing 1800
(125)
hook which project along the width of the beam
1
40
2
(0.2D) 900
(0.6D)
4500
2700
(0.5D)
2250
675
A B C
#12 @300
1350 CL 32.5 (c) 1350 1350 0.3D
1350
8 - #25 in Additional Rebars in Support
4 Rows Regions (A,B,C) on both faces
6 - #16 in #10@300 ; cl 32.5 (a)
3 Rows Vertical Stirrups
(Zone2) #10@300 (vertical)
+
#12 @300 (Horizontal)
9000 9000