A

Presentation
on
“BEAM ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION ”
By

SHASHI BHUSHAN KUMAR

Roll no.:-2134006
SHUBHAM KUMAR
Roll no.:- 2134003
NILOTPAL KUMAR
Roll no.:-2134001
Semester- I
Programme- M.Tech
Design Engineering
Under the guidance
of
Prof. Nitesh kumar
NIT Patna 01/19/2022 1
 UNIT - 6

Beams on Elastic Foundation

CONTENTS:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. GENERAL THEORY
3. CLASIFICATION OF BEAMS
4. GENERAL FORMILULATION
5. INFINITE
6. SEMIINFINITE
7. OVERVIEW
8. REFERENCES
 Introduction

BEAMS ON ELASTIC FOUNDATIONS

In certain applications, a beam of relatively small bending stiffness
is placed on an elastic foundation and loads are applied to the
beam. The loads are transferred through the beam to the foundation.
The beam and foundation must be designed to resist the loads
without failing. Often, failure occurs in the beam before it occurs in
the foundation. Accordingly, in this chapter we assume that the
foundation has sufficient strength to prevent its own failure.
 GENERAL THEORY
The response to loads of a beam resting on an elastic foundation is described
by a single differential equation subject to different boundary conditions for the
beam, depending on how the beam is supported at its ends.

Classification of beams:
The beams on elastic foundation can be classified into three types
• Short beams for which βL ≤ 0.6
• Medium beams or semi-infinite beams for which 0.6<βL < 5
•Long beams or infinite beams βL >5
L= length of the beam
k
 4 , EI  modulus of rigidity.
4EI
  General formulation
In this section, we formulate the boundary value problem of beam on an elastic
foundation. A beam having some cross section, resting on an elastic support is
shown in figure1. We assume that the reaction offered by the support at any point
is directly proportional to the displacement of that point along the y direction and
is in a direction opposite to the displacement. Thus, if ‘y’ is the vertical
displacement of a point in the beam, ’q’ the support reaction per unit width of the
beam, then the above assumption that the reaction force is proportional to the
displacement mathematically translates into requiring.
Assuming the beam to be homogeneous and prismatic, so that EIzz is constant
through the length of the beam.

here yo is the y coordinate of the centroid of the cross section which can be taken as
0 without loss of generality provided the origin of the coordinate system used is
located at the centroid of the cross section, E is the Young’s modulus, (x,y) is the
coordinate of the point along the axis of the beam direction and
the y direction, Mz is the z component of the bending moment, Izz is the moment of
inertia of the section about the z axis.
 P
dx

X-
axis

q= ky
Y
Fig. 1 Loading diagram of beam

M M+dM

V V+dV
q

dx
Fig. 2 Sectional view of beam of length ‘dx’
From equilibrium in Y-direction:
dv
 q .....(1)
dx
moment eq b
dx 2
dM  (v  dv) dx  q
2
dM
 v .....(2)
dx
by moment curvature relationship
d2 y M 1
2
 
dx EI R
d3y 1 dM
3

dx EI dx
d3y v
 
dx 3 EI
d4y q
4
  .... (3)
dx EI
eqn (3) is diflectionequationof the beam on elastic foundation.
d4 y k
4
 y  0 ......(4)
dx EI
n n
sol of this differential eq is
y  e x (c1 cos x  c2 sin x)  e-x (c3 cos x  c4 sin x) .....(5)
where,
k
 4 , EI  modulusof rigidity.
4EI
Infinite Beam with concentrated load:
p

EI

For Finite Deflection: X=0

at x  , y  0 so,
c1  c2  0
now we have
y  e - x (c3 cos x  c 4 sin  x)
 dy
at x  0 , 0
dx
we have
[e-x (- )(c3 cos x  c 4 sin x)  e -x (c3 sin  x  c 4 cos x)  ]  0
put x  0
- c 3  c4  0
c3  c4  c(say)
y  ce  x (cos x  sin x)
now force eq n in y direction

p  2  kydx
0

p  2  kce  x (cos x  sin x)dx
0

by solving integratio n by parts method, we get


1 1
p  2kc[    e  x (cos x  sin  x)dx]
  0
2
2 p  2kc 

p
c
2k
 p   x
y  e (cos  x  sin  x )
2k
p
y  Ax
2k

Slope
dy p    x
   [ e     (cos  x  sin  x )  e   x    (  sin  x  cos  x )]
dx 2k
p 2
  [  2 e   x sin  x ]
2k
p 2
  [  e   x sin  x ]
k
p 2
  Bx
k
Bending moment
d2 y
M  -EI 2
dx
k p 2  x
-  [  e sin  x ]
4 4
k
p  x
 e  cos  x  sin  x 
4
p
 C x
4
Shear Force
d3 y
v  -EI
dx 3
p d
 [ e   x  cos  x  sin  x  ]
4  dx
p  x
 e [  2 cos  x ]
4
p  x
 e [  cos  x ]
2
p
 - D x
2
 Semi infinite beam:
p

M
X

Solution of eqn is:

y  e x (c3 cos x  c4 sin x)
dy x
 e ()[(c3 cosx c4 sinx) ex.(c3 sinx c4 cosx)]
dx
d2y  x 2  x
2
 e  (c3 cos  x  c4 sin  x )  e (   2
)(c3 sin x  c4 cos x)
dx
 ex ( 2 )(c3 sin x  c4 cos x)  ex  2 (c3 cos x  c4 sin x)
at x  0,
d2 y
 c3  2
 2c4  2
 c3  2

dx2

d2 y
M  -EI 2   EI (2c4  2 )
dx
M
c4 
2EI 2
d3 y
3
 2 3
(c3  c4 ) (at x  0)
dx
d3y
v  -p  -EI 3
dx
p  M
c3 
2EI 3
x p  M M
y e [ cosx  sin x]
2EI 3
2EI 2
 2 p x 2M 2 x k
y e cos x  e (sin x  cos x) , where[ 
4
]
k k 4EI
2 p 2M 2
y Dx  Cx
k k
 2 p 2 4M 3
 Ax  Dx
k k
p
BM  Bx  MAx

V   pCx  2MBx
Overview:
•In some applications such as rail tracks, the member subjected to loads is supported on
continuous foundations. That is the reactions due to external loading is distributed along
the length of the member.

• Here we study on how to get the stresses and displacements in these members resting on
continuous foundations. If the dimensions of this member is such that, it is longer along
one of the axis, called the longitudinal axis in comparison with the dimensions along the
other directions, it is called as a beam. If we assume that the reaction force offered by the
continuous support is a function of the displacement that of the member, the support is
called as elastic. A beam resting on an elastic support is said to be beam on elastic
foundation.

•In this presentation, we first formulate this problem of beam on an elastic foundation for
a general loading condition. Then, we study the problem of a concentrated load at the mid
point of a beam that is infinitely long. Appealing to the principle of superposition we
obtain the solution to the problem of a concentrated moment at mid span and uniformly
distributed load of length L, centered about the midpoint of the beam.
REFERENCES:

•Arthur P. Boresi, Richard J.Schindt, "Advanced Mechanics of materials", Sixth edition

John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New Delhi, 2005.

•Thimoshenko & JN Goodier, "Mechanics Of Solids", Tata McGraw-Hill publishing

Co.Ltd, New Delhi, 1997.

•Srinath L.S., "Advanced Mechanics of Solids", Tata McGraw-Hillpublishing Co.Ltd,

New Delhi, 1980, pp 180-191.

•Thimoshenko S., "Strength of Materials", Part-1, Elementary Theory and Problems,

3rd Edition, D. Van Nostrand company Inc., New 1955, pp. 227-244.

•Boresi A.P and Chong K.P(2000), "Elasticity In Mechanics" 2nd edition New York;
Wiley - Interscience.

•BC Punmia & AK Jain. "Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures",Vol.2

Lakshmi publications (P) Ltd.

•Google
THANKS

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