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Butt End or square end Rocker pipes are as Made only to order.
pipes can be cut on site full length pipes
or supplied if requested. except length.
Rocker Pipe D.N. 225 300 375 450 525 600 675 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500
Rockers not recommended see
Effective length of S&S Rocker 620 620 620 825 825 825 825 1245 1245 1245 C.P.S.A. Article on use of Rockers
Ref: TC11/1
BUTT END SPIGOT BUTT END SOCKET
or double spigot only
Arrow indicates where M/H base used
Date: 1/12/03 flow direction
Full length pipes
T: 028 6632 6437 F: 028 6632 4908( From ROI (048) W: traceyconcrete.com E: headoffice@traceyconcrete.com
Whilst all information was correct at time of printing, the company reserves the right, without notice to the purchaser, to alter or change any dimension or illustration.
Spigot & Socket Pipes
Bends and Junctions
Bends Bends are manufactured by cutting pipes into
two or three segments and joining them
The centre line effective length on bends vary depending on
together at the required angle using an epoxy
diameter of pipe.
resin.
111/40 221/20 900
450
Although manufactured from class H pipes,
Bends are not load bearing structures and
should be encased in concrete surround to
carry any applied load.
Offset Distance per meter Angle e.g. 90º or 45º bends immediately outside a
17.46 mm 0
1 deflection drop manhole
34.92 mm 20 deflection 111/4º Bend placed immediately outside a
98.49 mm 5
5 /8 deflection
0 manhole
Oblique or Y junction
Tumbling Bay Junctions Tumbling Bay Junctions which are used outside
Drop Manholes are normally attached to full length
Used in drop manholes.
pipes which can be provided with Butt End if requested.
Butt End if requested The male or spigot end is always used as outlet on
Tumbling Bay junctions.
D
The Outlet Diameter Pipe is always the same as the Ref: TC11/2
Square or T tumbling bay main pipe.
junction Date: 1/12/03
as D
Tumbling Bay Junctions and associated bends, used
D
to transfer drain from incoming invert to lower invert
level, must be surrounded in concrete. TRACEY CONCRETE
450
Limited
Oblique or Y tumbling
bay junction Customers are asked to give adequate notice of Old Rossory
their requirements for junctions or bends as they Sligo Road
as D Enniskillen
are usually made to order, this is due to the vast
Co.Fermanagh
range and type for each diameter of pipe.
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Whilst all information was correct at time of printing, the company reserves the right, without notice to the purchaser, to alter or change any dimension or illustration.
Spigot & Socket Pipes 14 m
WATER
T: 028 6632 6437 F: 028 6632 4908( From ROI (048) W: traceyconcrete.com E: headoffice@traceyconcrete.com
Whilst all information was correct at time of printing, the company reserves the right, without notice to the purchaser, to alter or change any dimension or illustration.
Spigot & Socket Pipes
Water test
Air and water tests A water test is the more logical and conclusive method
All lengths of sewer drain up to DN 750 should be tested of testing a completed pipeline but problems of
for leakage by means of air or water tests. availability and disposal of the quantity of water involved
may cause difficulty. Before backfilling, leakage can be
These tests should be applied after laying and before clearly located, its amount assessed and where
backfilling. Some backfill may be placed at the centre of necessary appropriate remedies applied.
each pipe to prevent movement during testing.
To test the pipeline:-
We strongly recommend that air testing be 1. Insert plugs in both ends of the drain or sewer and in
undertaken periodically during the laying process, connections if necessary. Precautions should be
say every fourth pipe, so as to facilitate taken by strutting or otherwise to prevent movement
rectification if any defect is found. Short branch of the drain or sewer during testing.
drains connected to a main sewer between manholes 2. Fill the system with water ensuring all the air has
should be tested as one system with the mains sewer. been expelled.
Long branches should be separately tested. 3. Allow at least two hours before test readings are
taken to allow conditions to stabilise, adding water to
Man entry sizes of pipeline can be physically inspected maintain the test head.
while smaller diameters can be visually inspected from It may be necessary to extend this period for large
manholes by means of T.V. cameras. diameter pipes, up to twenty-four hours or more
before a stable condition is reached.
Visual inspection: Check for- 4. Apply required test head at the upper end by means
1. obstructions and debris, of a flexible pipe leading from a graduated container
2. structural soundness of pipes, or stand pipe.
3. joints properly sealed, 5. Apply the test pressure of 1.2m head of water above
4. line and level within tolerance the soffit of the drain or sewer at the high end with a
maximum of 6m head at the low end. If it exceeds
Pipeline under Water Test 6m test the drain or sewer in stages.
(diagram) 6. Measure the loss of water over a period of 30
minutes by adding and metering quantities of water
Level of water for test at intervals of 5 minutes to maintain original water
level in the standpipe.
T: 028 6632 6437 F: 028 6632 4908( From ROI (048) W: traceyconcrete.com E: headoffice@traceyconcrete.com
Whilst all information was correct at time of printing, the company reserves the right, without notice to the purchaser, to alter or change any dimension or illustration.
Spigot & Socket Pipes
Air testing
Air test requirements are currently specified in British 4. Allow about 5 minutes for stabilisation of the air
Standard Codes of Practice BS 8301 ‘Building Drainage’ temperature (a 1º change in temperature is reflected
and BS 8005 ‘Sewerage’. (5 minute test 100mm on U in a change in pressure of about 38mm on the
tube to drop no more than 25mm). However current gauge).
practice in many other European Countries confirms the
research by CPA that the introduction of a higher 5. Adjust the pressure to 100mm by either introducing
pressure test to 1000mm rather than the current 100mm further air or by bleeding off any excess pressure.
would overcome most of the shortcomings in BS test.
6. Observe the fall in indicated pressure over a 5
These may be summarised as follows:- minute test period. The residual pressure should be
1. The BS air test specifies a constant requirement not less than 75mm.
regardless of diameter and length of the pipeline.
2. The air test is relatively more severe on smaller pipe
diameters.
3. Pipe wall dampness affects air test results,
100
particularly on smaller diameter pipes and at the low 90
pressure specified. 80
70
75
60
50
40
Nominal size of pipe Minimum time for head to 30
20
(DN) fall from 900mm to 800mm 10
0 75mm 100mm
225 0.9 minutes 10
20
300 1.3 30
40
50
375 1.7 60
70
450 2.3 75
80
90
525 3.0 100
Date: 1/12/03
To test the pipeline, fit strutted plugs at each end and Air pump or Compressor
pump air until a pressure of 1m head is shown on the U
TRACEY CONCRETE tube. Allow the pressure to drop recording the time for
Limited the head to fall from 900mm to 800mm. This time should Inflatable stoppers etc available from Causeway
Old Rossorry not be less than that shown in the table above for the Equipment, Belfast Road, Saintfield, Co. Down.
Sligo Road appropriate nominal pipe size. These modifications to
Enniskillen
Fax/Phone (028) 9081 2627
the BS test incorporating these higher pressures are
Co.Fermanagh
illustrated above.
T: 028 6632 6437 F: 028 6632 4908( From ROI (048) W: traceyconcrete.com E: headoffice@traceyconcrete.com
Whilst all information was correct at time of printing, the company reserves the right, without notice to the purchaser, to alter or change any dimension or illustration.
Spigot & Socket Pipes
Jointing & Laying
Jointing Procedure rings are compatible with the pipes to be laid, then the
Forsheda 140 Lamell Sliding Rubber seal permits following procedure should be followed:
installation with very little force as there is lubricant
enclosed within the seals sliding layer, thus there is no Clean the Pipe Ends
friction between concrete pipe and rubberseal. Brush or wipe with rag to
The sliding layer, when in final position locates itself in remove adhering part or water.
the gap between spigot and socket and then prevents Ice may be removed with
concrete to concrete contact if pipe is deflected. methylated or a gas torch. Take care not to damage the
concrete.
Installation
• Fit the seal onto spigot as shown on Fig.1. Inspect Joint Surfaces
• Centre the spigot in the socket as Fig. 1. Inspect the joint faces for
• Slide the pipes together and the lubricated flap will damage which may affect the
move over top of the compressed rubber seal as performance of the joint.
Fig. 2 and finish as shown on Fig. 3.
Handle Pipes with Care
Use only proper lifting equipment, eg woven
SOCKET slings. Make sure the pipe is balanced so that it
is horizontal.
Fig 2
Prepare the
Trench Bed
Make a recess in the bed
to accommodate the pipe.
Fig 3
Make the Joint
The jointing procedure
should develop a steady
controlled push or pull
until joint is in final
The relevant pipe diameter is stamped on each rubber position. Method of
ring. Rubber rings should be carefully stored and jointing will depend on
protected from sunlight, oils, greases and heat, if rings size of pipe. Ensure timber blocks are used to prevent
have been tied they should be separated a few days damage to socket of pipe.
before using in order to eliminate minor impressions the Ref: TC11/6
tying may have caused. Mechanical plant should not be used to push pipes
down to their correct level. Date: 1/12/03
Joint rings are normally Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)
complying with EN 681-1. Nitrile and Ethylene Propylene When jointing pipes the last pipe laid sometimes has a
Rubber (EPDM) can be supplied if specifically ordered to tendency to reassert therefore it should be proped and TRACEY CONCRETE
meet special conditions, but are not normally available checked before laying commences. Limited
from stock. Old Rossory
Sligo Road
Laying Pipes Enniskillen
Co.Fermanagh
After ensuring that you are using the correct bedding,
Diameter and class of pipe as specified and that jointing
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Whilst all information was correct at time of printing, the company reserves the right, without notice to the purchaser, to alter or change any dimension or illustration.
Spigot & Socket Pipes
Recommended Trench width and Bedding pipes
When laying pipes, to attain its full potential as a load The drawing below generally shows a typically bedding
bearing structure, trench width, proper bedding and detail, however contractors should adhere to the type of
backfilling are equally as important as the actual pipe bedding details specified which will vary depending on
strength. In fact, almost 50% of the completed structure certain conditions for a particular project.
is attributed to proper design and good workmanship.
Any increase in trench Typical Bedding Detail
Recommended Maximum width above that
specified will increase Surface finishing Normal backfill, degree
Trench Widths of compression will
the load on the pipe Ground level depend on surface
measured at crown of and a narrower trench design requirements
pipe = Bd may impede the
proper placing and Cover to
Pipe Trench consolidation of pipe H
H = Cover
Diam. Width bedding. Bd
to pipe
150 .600
The trench should be Lightly
300
225 .700 dug so that the line, Compacted Well
300 above compacted
300 .750 gradient and in layers
crown of pipe
dimensions are as especially
375 1.050 under
specifications or as Trench width
maintained to haunches
450 1.150 agreed with site 300 above of pipes
525 1.200 engineer. crown of pipe
Y
600 1.350 The bedding is
675 1.450 intended to level out Lightly compacted
any irregularities in the under pipe
750 1.500 Temporary drain
formation and ensure where necessary
900 1.900 uniform support along
1050 2.050 the barrell of pipe.
Y = min Y=
of In
100
min under
of 100 Barrells
under Barrells and 50 and 50 under
under sockets. Special care should be taken with the bedding material
rock, 200 min under Barrell and 150 under socket.
sockets. In rock, 200 min under Barrell and 150 immediately surrounding the pipes to minimise the
under socket possibility of lumps or others coming into direct contact
with pipes thus causing point loading.
Ref: TC11/7 The selections of bedding material and bedding class is
influenced by many factors which include the nature of Never bulldose backfill directly into trench.
Date: 1/12/03 the ground, the loads acting on pipeline, availability of a
particular type of bedding material. The ideal is crushed
rock or gravel that is compatible and provides stable
TRACEY CONCRETE embedment.
Limited
Old Rossorry For more details on bedding and pipe specifications see
Sligo Road C.P.S.A. (Concrete Pipe Systems Association)
Enniskillen
publications.
Co.Fermanagh
T: 028 6632 6437 F: 028 6632 4908( From ROI (048) W: traceyconcrete.com E: headoffice@traceyconcrete.com
Whilst all information was correct at time of printing, the company reserves the right, without notice to the purchaser, to alter or change any dimension or illustration.
Spigot & Socket Pipes
Specification, Handling and Storage
✔ ✔
1. Loads on Buried pipelines in trenches simplified
tables.
2. Hydraulic calculations for sewer and surface water. Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3
3. Laying concrete pipelines in trenches.
4. Jacking Concrete Pipes. Never Lift pipes or accessories as shown in Fig. 3
which is likely to cause damage to spigot or
Below describes the markings which the socket.
manufacturer puts on pipes to identify them.
L = Light Duty see the crushing tables which Where stacking is necessary, this must be on level
M = Medium Duty
H = Heavy Duty
}
shows the load a particular
diameter of pipe or class
should sustain
ground and the bottom layer of pipes securely chocked
to prevent pipes from rolling or stack from collapsing.
Pipes should be supported under the barrell of the pipe
so that the sockets are free from load, they should
}
R = Reinforced pipes below DN 900 do not preferably be stacked barrell to barrell with sockets
Unreinforced have to be reinforced overhanging alternative sides.
is not identified provided they sustain the Fig. 4 Fig. 5
relevant loads applied
2.0M MAX.
SR = Sulphate
Resistant Cement } this may be specified for
certain ground conditions.
T: 028 6632 6437 F: 028 6632 4908( From ROI (048) W: traceyconcrete.com E: headoffice@traceyconcrete.com
Whilst all information was correct at time of printing, the company reserves the right, without notice to the purchaser, to alter or change any dimension or illustration.