BANGALORE SAHODAYA SCHOOL COMPLEX

PRE BOARD EXAMINATION

Subject: Science

SET-3 (Marking Scheme)

Q. no Answer key Marks

1. a. Hemoglobin. b. Blood ½+½

2. a. Rainwater harvesting. ½+½

b. The process of reuse is better than recycling because energy is used to recycle
old objects but no energy is required during reuse.

3. a. HCl dissociates only in water to give H+ (aq) ions / H3O+ (aq) but only in aqueous ½
solutions. Dry HCl does not give H+ (aq) ions or H3O+ (aq)ions.
HCl (g) --dissociates in water------ H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) ½
HCl (g) + H2O(l) --------------- H3O+ + Cl-
b. Ammonia (NH3) is a weak base, which does not have hydroxyl group in its 1
formula but it gives OH- ions when it reacts with water.

4. a. Any one point difference. 1

Fission
In fission, a parent cell splits into
daughter cells
Fission occurs in unicellular
organisms such as protists and
bacteria
Fragmentation
In fragmentation, a parent organism
breaks into fragments, developing a
new organism.
Fragmentation occurs in multicellular
organisms.

b. Binary fission - Amoeba/ multiple fission- Plasmodium ½+½

Fragmentation- Spirogyra.

5.a This means that the ratio of speed of light in air and the speed of light in diamond ½
is equal to 2.42.

b. Kerosene ½

c. Light bends towards the normal because water is denser than air. ½

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 ½

OR
a. Optical density is directly proportional to the refractive index. ½

b. Diamond has highest optical density because of high refractive index. 1

Air has the lowest optical density because of lowest refractive index.

c. ½

6. a. Calcium sulphate hemi hydrate, CaSO4. ½ H2O (½ X 6

b. Sodium hydrogen carbonate = 3)
c. Washing soda
d. Calcium oxide, CaO
e. Sodium zincate, Na2ZnO2
f. CaOCl2

7. a. When an acid reacts with a carbonate or hydrogen carbonate, a metal salt, water ½
are formed and Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is liberated.

Example: When dil. HCl reacts with Sodium carbonate and Sodium Hydrogen ½
carbonate, it gives rise to Sodium chloride, water and Carbon dioxide.
2HCl (aq) + Na2CO3 (s)---------→2 NaCl (aq)+ CO2(g)+ H2O (l)
NaHCO3(s) + HCl (aq) → NaCl(aq) + CO2(g)+ H2O(l) ½

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 b. This type of fire extinguisher contains a bottle of Sulphuric acid filled with a ½

baking soda solution. When the cylinder is inverted and knob struck, the acid
bottle breaks and the acid comes in the contact with the baking soda.
2NaHCO3 + H2SO4--------> Na2SO4 + 2H2O + 2CO2 ½

As a result carbon dioxide is liberated. Due to this the supply of air is cut off there ½
and fire is extinguished.
OR

a.
When water is added to quick lime it gives rise to slaked lime and heat is
½
liberated.
CaO (s) + H20 (l) →Ca(OH)2(aq) + Heat ½

b. i. Oxidising agent- Oxygen, Reducing agent-Sodium

½
ii. Oxidising agent- Sulphur dioxide, Reducing agent- Hydrogen sulphide
½

c. Rancidity ½
The condition produced by aerial oxidation of fats and oils in food marked by ½
unpleasant smell and taste is called rancidity.

8. a. There is a periodicity in the electronic configurations of the elements. The ½

elements in a period have consecutive atomic numbers.

All the elements in a group have similar electronic configurations and show ½
similar properties.

b. When the elements are arranged according to their atomic numbers on the basis ½
of modern periodic law, then all the anomalies (or defects) of Mendeleev’s
classification disappear.

(i) Position of Isotopes: Since all the isotopes of an element have the same ½
atomic number, they can be put at one place in the same group of the periodic
table. For example, both the isotopes of chlorine, Cl-35 and Cl-37, have the same
atomic number of 17, so both of them can be put at one place in the same group.
(ii) Position of Cobalt and Nickel: According to modern periodic law, the ½
elements are arranged in the order of increasing atomic numbers. So, Cobalt with
lower atomic number (27) should come first and Nickel with higher atomic
number (28) should come later, even if their atomic masses are in the wrong
order. ½
(iii) Position of Hydrogen: Hydrogen element has been placed at the top of group
1 above the alkali metals because the electronic configuration of hydrogen is
similar to those of alkali metals and both have 1 valence electron each.

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 9. a. Any one point difference. 1

Breathing
Breathing is the physical process
where you inhale and exhale air
in and out of your lungs.
Breathing is a rhythmic process.
Respiration.
Respiration is a chemical reaction where
Oxygen is used to breakdown glucose in
order to generate energy which is then
used by the cell to function.
Respiration is a continuous process.

b.
2

10. a. The folding of leaves of a sensitive plant is not a case of tropism (like 1
thigmotropism) because in this the direction of movement of leaves does not
depend on the direction of stimulus (touch).
b.
i. Thyroxine: Controls the rate of metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and ½
proteins in the body.
ii. Adrenaline: Regulates heart rate, breathing rate, blood pressure and ½
carbohydrate metabolism.

c. Pathway taken by the nerve impulses in our reflex action is called reflex arc.
1

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11. i) Range of the object distance is 0 to 20 cm from the pole. ½

ii) Ray diagram 1

iii) ½
When the image formed by a concave mirror is real, inverted and of the same
size as the object, then the object must be placed at centre of curvature (C) .
Centre of curvature of a concave mirror is at a distance of twice the focal length
(2f) .

Given : Focal length = 10 cm

½
2f = 10 cm.
f = 20 cm.
The object should be placed at a distance of 20 cm in front of this concave mirror. ½

OR

a. The ability of a lens to converge or diverge the ray of light after refraction is called
1 1
power (P) of the lens. It is defined as the reciprocal of the focal length, i.e. P =
𝑓

b. The S.I unit of a lens is dioptre. A lens of focal length 100 cm has a power of 1
dioptre, i.e. 1 dioptre = 1 m-1. 1

c. Power of the combination

1
P = P1 + P2
100 100
= 25 + −10
= 4 -10
P=-6D

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 12. 1+1

13.

Hence R2 > R1 > R3

½
a. Figure (ii) has got the highest resistance.

b. ρ1 = ρ2 = ρ3 ½
Because all the three conductors are of same material. ½

14. a. Conversion of hydro energy into electrical energy ½

High rise dams are constructed on the river to obstruct the flow of water to collect
it at a suitable height.

 The stored water has a lot of potential energy.

1
 The water from a suitable height is allowed to fall on the blades of a turbine
located at the bottom of a dam through a pipe.
 Kinetic energy of flowing water rotates the turbine rapidly. Rotation of
turbine helps the armature coil of generator to rotate rapidly in the magnetic
field. Thus, hydroelectricity is generated.

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 1

b. i. It is the source of excellent manure, rich in nitrogen and phosphorous which

can be obtained from the biogas plant in addition to biogas. ½

ii. It provides the safe, efficient and profitable disposal method for bio-waste
and sewage material.

15. a. The organisms belonging to the first trophic level are producers which make their ½
own food with the help of sun’s energy.

For example – Green plants. The organisms of third trophic level are carnivores
½
that feed upon herbivores. For example – Lion and Tiger.

b. Because after that the energy available for the next organism will be negligible ½
and insufficient to sustain the life of that organism.

c. Pesticides are non biodegradable chemicals, so they get accumulated at each

1
trophic level. Since humans occupy the top level in any food chain, so the
maximum amount of harmful chemical pesticides gets accumulated in our bodies.
This damages our health gradually.

d. The solid wastes like papers, plastics and metals are recycled. ½

OR

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 a. The law given by Lindeman is 10% law. ½

According to 10% law, only 10% of the energy entering a particular trophic level
½
of organisms is available for transfer to next higher trophic level.
b.
The dirty drain water containing urine and faeces which is carried from our
homes by the underground pipes is called sewage. ½

½
Sewage is disposed off by treating it at the sewage treatment .

The treatment of sewage produces clean water which is discharged into the river
½
and organic matter present in sewage is ‘digested’ in sewage treatment plant to
produce ‘sewage gas’ and manure.
½
c. Landfill method/ incirnation

16.a. Zinc is found as Zinc carbonate. It is calcinated to form Zinc oxide. ½

½
Then, Zinc is reduced from metal oxide to pure metal by, using Carbon as the ½
reducing agent.
Eg: ZnO (s)+C(s) ------------->Zn(s)+CO(g) ½

b. When Manganese dioxide is heated with Aluminium powder, Manganese and ½

Aluminium oxide is formed.

MnO2(s) + 4Al(s)--------------- 3 Mn (l) +2Al 2O3 (s) + Heat ½

c. Roasting Calcination
Roasting is the process in which the ore is Calcination is the process of heating ½+½
heated below its melting point in presence the ore below its melting point in
of air to oxidise the impurities. absence of air to remove volatile
impurities.
d. Because it is easier and profitable to obtain metals from their oxides (by ½
reduction) than from carbonates or sulphides.
e. An alloy of mercury metal with one or more other metals is known as an ½
amalgam.
17.i.a If a carbon atom gains electrons it forms C 4- anion, then it could be difficult for ½
nucleus having six protons to hold ten electrons.
b. If a carbon atom loses four electrons it forms C 4+ cation, then it would require a ½
large amount of energy to remove four electrons leaving behind a carbon cation
with six protons in the nucleus holding to just two electrons.
A carbon atom has been no tendency to lose its four valence electrons or gain ½
four more electrons from other atoms. Therefore, carbon atom completes its octet ½
only by sharing its valence electrons with other atoms.

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 Therefore carbon always forms only covalent bonds with other atoms.
ii. ketone ( –CO-) ½+½

1
iii.
1

OR

½
i. a. A is Propanol, CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
½
b. B is Propene, CH3CH=CH2 or C3H6
½
c. Dehydration reaction
½
d. C is Propane, CH3CH2-CH3
½
e. Addition reaction
Definition: The reaction in which an unsaturated hydrocarbon combines with
½
another substance to give a single product in presence of a catalyst is called
addition reaction.
ii. a The reaction in which one (or more) hydrocarbon are replaced by some other
atoms (like chlorine), is called a substitution reaction.
2
Example: substitution reaction of methane with chlorine:-
Methane reacts with Chlorine in the presence of sunlight to form Chloromethane
and Hydrogen chloride.

18. a. Any two relevant points. ½+½

Hair grows under armpits and pubic region.
Mammary glands develop and breasts become enlarged.
b. Ovaries. ½
c. The human female reproductive system consists of:
i. Ovaries – They are oval shaped organs produces mature female sex cells
called ova or eggs. They also produce female sex hormones called Oestrogen ½
and Progesterone.
ii.Oviduct – These are paired tubes which have funnel shaped openings that ½
cover the ovaries. The ovum released by an ovary goes into it and fertilization of
egg by a sperm takes place in it.
iii. Uterus - It is a bag like organ in which fertilized egg develops into a baby. ½
iv. Vagina – It is a tubular structure. It is also called birth canal because it is the ½
passage through which the baby is born.

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 D=½
L=1

19. a. Variation refers to the differences in the characters or traits among the individuals 1
of a species.
Variations are beneficial to the species because: Any two ½+½

 They enable the organisms to adapt themselves in changing

environment.
 Variations form the basis of heredity.
 They form the raw materials for evolution and development of new
species.

b. Speciation is the process by which new species arise from preexisting species. ½
Factors which can lead to speciation are:
 Geographical isolation of a population caused due to various physical ½
barriers such as river, mountain, sea etc.
 Geographic isolation leads to reproductive isolation interrupts flow of ½
genes between separate groups.
½
 Variations caused due to natural selection.
 Genetic drifts caused due to drastic changes in the frequencies of
½
particular genes by chance alone.
 Natural selection: Arises due to adaptation of a population to fit in ½
environment better.

OR
a. This law states that when individuals differing in two or more than two pairs of
½
contrasting characters are crossed, the inheritance of any one pair isn’t affected
by the presence of other.
b. Dihybrid cross ½
The two pairs of contrasting characteristics chosen by Mendel were shape and

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 colour of seeds.
 Round yellow seeds
 Wrinkled green seeds
Observations made
 Mendel first crossed pure breed Pea plants having round yellow seeds ½
with pure breed pea plants having wrinkled green seeds, found only round
yellow seeds in F1 generation.
 So round shape and yellow colour of seeds were dominant traits over
wrinkled shape and green colour of seeds.
In F2 generation out of 556 seeds, Round yellow seeds = 315, Round green
seeds = 108, Wrinkled yellow seeds = 101, Wrinkled green seeds =32 ½

So the phenotype ratio = 9:3:3:1 This ratio is called Dihybrid ratio. ½

No. Sex is determination by environment too.

In turtle (Crysema picta) high incubation temperature leads to development of
c. female off springs.
In lizard (Agama agama) high incubation temperature results in male off springs ½+½

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20. a Myopia or Short-sightedness is the inability of an eye in viewing long distance ½
. objects. The image in this case falls before the retina. For every myopic eye,
there exists a far point beyond which clear image cannot be seen. Short-
sightedness is caused due to
(i) excessive curvature in cornea. (ii) elongation of eyeball. ½+½
The short-sightedness is corrected by using a concave lens which diverges and
shifts the image to the retina.

b.
1

c. Reasons for donating eyes:

½+½
1. A person’s corneal blindness can only be elevated by a human donor’s
cornea.
2. It is opportunity to restore someone’s sight.

Methods for supporting this cause:

½
1. Make it a family tradition of donating the eyes.
2. Motivate and educating others about eye donation.

21.i.a When a bar magnet is pushed into the coil, magnetic field lines linked with
the coil changes (increases). It causes the electric current to get induced in it. 1
The needle of galvanometer will move momentarily in one direction.

b. When a bar magnet is withdrawn from inside the coil, the magnetic field lines
linked with the coil changes but in decreasing order. Current will be induced in 1

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 the coil which will be indicated by deflection of needle in the galvanometer. The
deflection is opposite to that in case (a). This indicates that the direction of
induced current is now opposite to the direction of induced current in case (a).

c. When bar magnet is held stationary inside the coil, there is no deflection in the 1
galvanometer. This is because there is no change in magnetic field lines linked
with the coil. Hence, no induced current will flow through the coil.

ii. Differences between a bar magnet and solenoid:

1
Bar magnet
It is a permanent magnet.
The strength of a bar magnet cannot be changed.
The polarity (North – South) of a bar magnet cannot be changed.
Solenoid 1
It is a temporary magnet. It acts as a magnet only as long as the current passes
through it.
The strength of a solenoid can be changed by changing the number of turns in its
coil or by changing the current passing through it.
The polarity of a solenoid can be changed by changing the direction of current in
its coil.
OR

i.

A motor is a device that converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Principle
An electric motor is based on the fact that when a current carrying conductor is 1
placed in a magnetic field, the conductor experiences a force which is given by
Fleming’s Left Hand Rule. For example, when a rectangular coil is placed in the
magnetic field and current is passed through it, a torque acts on the coil, which
rotates it continuously. When the coil rotates, the shaft attached to it also rotates
and therefore the electrical energy supplied to the motor is converted into the
mechanical energy of rotation.
An electrical motor consists of a rectangular coil ABCD of insulated copper wire,

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 wound on a soft iron core called armature. The coil is mounted between the poles
of a magnet in such a way that it can rotate between the poles N and S. The two
ends of the coil are soldered to the ends of a commutator whose main function is 1
to reverse the direction of the current flowing through the coil every time the coil
just passes the vertical position during its revolution.

Working
Suppose the coil ABCD is initially at a horizontal position. When the switch is in
ON position the current enters the coil through the carbon brushes and the half
ring ‘A’ of the commutator.
The current flows in the direction DCBA and leaves via the half ring ‘B’. In the
side AB of the coil, the direction is from B to A towards the south and the 1
direction of the magnetic field is from the N to S pole towards the east. So, by
applying Fleming’s left hand rule, we find that it will experience a force in upward
direction. Similarly, the side DC of the coil will experience a downward force.
Thus we have two parallel wires experiencing forces in opposite directions. They
form a couple tending to rotate the coil in the anticlockwise direction.
When the coil goes beyond the vertical position, the two commutator half rings
automatically changes contact from one brush to the other. This reverses the
direction of current through the coil which, in turn, reverses the direction of forces
acting on the two sides of the coil. The sides of the coil are interchanged, but
rotate in the same anticlockwise direction. This process is repeated again and
again and the coil continues to rotate as long as the current is passing.

ii. Using Fleming’s left hand rule, the nature of charged particle is positive. 1
22.a. Neutral, pH-7 ½+½
b. B ½
The more a solution is acidic, the more sour it will be. ½

OR

i. Displacement reaction , Reaction ½+½

ii. Combination reaction , Reaction ½+½

23.a. Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions present in hard water react with soap to form Calcium and 1
Magnesium salts of soap which are insoluble in water.
b. Soaps are Sodium salts of fatty acids. 1
24.a. Germinating seeds require water for growth. If moisture is not available, the ½
seeds dry up, and rate of respiration would fall.
b. C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP 1
c. Mitochondria ½
OR

a. Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction in which parent cell divides 1

amitotically to form two daughter cells. In cell division, first the nucleus divides

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 and then the cytoplasm.
b. Yeast is a unicellular fungi. The bud formed is unicellular and may remain 1
attached to parent cell, whereas bud in Hydra is multicellular and appears as
branch. This branch separates from parent body and grows as separate
individual.

25.a. ½ +½
Guard cells Epidermal cells
Guard cells are nucleated, kidney- Epidermal cells on the other hand
shaped and possess many lack chloroplast and are irregular in
chloroplasts. shape.

b. The number of stomata are more on the lower surface than upper surface. 1

26.a
1

1 1 1 10
= + + =
5 10 30 30

30
So, R = 10 = 3Ω

b 1
𝑉 3𝑉
I= = = 1A
𝑅 3Ω

27.a 1

b. In the figure, the two points are O and O’ where refraction takes place as light ray 1
has changed its direction at these two points.
The relation among the angle of incidence, the angle of refraction and the angle
of emergence remains the same, i.e. ∠i = ∠e .

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 OR

Ohm’s Law: It states that the potential difference (V) across the ends of a given
metallic conductor in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the current (I) 1
flowing through it.
Ohm’s law is valid only when the temperature of the conductor remains constant. 1

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