Professional Documents
Culture Documents
dapat pagtuunan ng pansin ay ang “mass media.” (Multiply, 2007). Ayon naman sa
“2002
Pilipino na may edad 15-25 ang nagsabing nagkaroon sila ng pre-marital sex habang
38% ng
May kaugnayan dito, sinasabing 16.5 milyong Pilipino ang kabilang sa mga may
edad na
labinlima hanggang dalawampu’t apat at 30% sa mga ito ang dumadaan sa suliranin
ng
maagang pagbubuntis at sa edad na dalawampo 20% na sa mga ito’y mga ina na.
nating totoo ito kung madami sa ating mga kabataan ngayon ay maagang
nakikipagtalik at
dalagang Pilipina, matalino at konserbatibo. “Ang gusto ko, yung first kiss ko e sa
kasal ko na,”
batid ni Wilma na malapit na kaibigan ng may akda. Ngunit nang ito ay nagkaroon ng
nobyo,
hindi niya natupad ang kanyang pinangako sa sarili. Ayon sa nasabing artikulo, ang
pagkikipaghalikan ay hindi mapipigilan kung ikaw ay nasa isang relasyon. Pagkaraan
ng ilang
buwan ng pagsasama nila Wilma at Ace, ang kanyang nobyo, ay nagbunga ang
kanilang
kung ninais niya ba ito, isa lang ang kanyang isinagot sa kanyang kaibigan,
“Nabuntis na nga
isaalang-alang ang edad, timbang at taas ng babaeng buntis. Kapag ang babae ay
may gulang
Gayun din, malaki rin ang posibilidad na maging maliit at payat ang sanggol na
kanilang
isisilang. Ganito din ang resulta kapag payat ang babae. Kung naman ang babae ay
may
danasin ang mga pagbabagong maaaring maganap sa kanila. Ngunit, hindi lang nila
alam na
impeksyon sa loob ng katawan ang babae at ang mga buntis naman na merong
STDs o
sinapupunan. Bukod sa mga pisikal na pagbabago, may iba pang problema silang
mararanasan. Isa na dito ang kanilang relasyon sa mga taong malapit sa kanila.
Kadalasan
naapektuhan ang kanyang relasyon sa kanyang mga magulang, iba pang kapamilya
at mga
kaibigan. Una, mawawalan ng tiwala ang mga magulang sa kanilang anak. Mayroon
din ibang
mga magulang na sa halip na tulungan ang bata ay itatakwil pa nila ang mga ito. May
mga kaso
maagang pagbubuntis, maaaring mawala sa isang iglap ang mga pangarap na ito.
Maaring
lamang ang sweldo, walang gagamitin ang mga ito na kanilang ipambubuhay sa
sanggol.
Kaya’t may posibilidad na aasa na lamang sila sa kanilang mga magulang. Gayun
din, may mga
Mayroon ding epektong pangsikolohikal ang maagang pagbubuntis. Ang ina ang
nakadaranas
mga inang ito ay ang nakararanas ng inisyal o pangunahing saya pagkatapos nilang
mailuwal
Kadalasan nilang itinatanong kung paano nila pakakainin ang bata, paano
palalakihin, kung
dapat bang iluwal pa ito, at pananagutan ba ng ama ang bata? Sa panahong ito, ang
ina ay
din ng mga ina ang matakot sa mga reaksyon ng ibang tao, at ang pisikal na
paghihirap na
mararanasan nila sa panahon ng pagpapaanak. Kalakip nito ang kanilang pagsisisi.
Kadalasa’y
nagagalit ang babae sa kanyang sarili o sa ama ng bata. Dapat iwasan ito sapagkat
ang stress
---
Pangunahing Dahilan
Isa sa mga tinuturong dahilan ng pagbubuntis ng mga batang
babae ang kakulangan ng kaalaman ng mga kabataan tungkol sa
pakikipagtalik. Partikular sa Pilipinas, ang partuturo ng sex
education sa mga paaralan ay isang isyu na patuloy na
pinagdedebatehan. Bagamat malakas ang panawagan ng iba’t ibang
sektor ng lipunan para sa sex education, ang simbahang Katoliko at
ibang konserbatibong grupo ay mahigpit itong tinututulan.
Dahil likas na konserbatibo ang mga pamilyang Pilipino, ang
sex ay isang paksa na hindi napag-uusapan ng mga magulang at
anak. Dahil dito, hindi nagagabayan ng mga magulang ang mga
anak lalo na sa panahon ng puberty kung kailan ang mga kabataan
ay likas na interesado sa mga bagay na patungkol sa sex.
Pangkalusugang Suliranin
Dahil ang kanilang pangangatawan ay hindi pa lubusang
handa para sa pagbubuntis, ang mga kabataang babae ay
nahaharap sa iba’t ibang suliraning pangkalusugan sa panahon ng
pagbubuntis. Marami sa kanila ay may nutritional deficiencies at
walang access sa maayos na health care. Napag-alaman din sa mga
pag-aaral na ang mga kabataang maagang nabubuntis ay may
mataas na tsansang magkaroon ng mga komplikayon na maaaring
nilang ikamatay o ng kanilang sanggol. Ayon sa World Health
Organization, mas mataas ang panganib ng ng mga kabataan edad
15 hanggang 19 sa pregnancy-related death kaysa mga babae edad
20 hanggang 24.
In the United States, seven in 10 teen mothers complete high school, but
they are less likely to go to college when compared to women who delay
childbearing.Sa Estados Unidos, pitong sa 10 teen ina kumpletong mataas na
paaralan, ngunit sila ay mas malamang na pumunta sa kolehiyo kapag
ihahambing sa mga kababaihan na pagkaantala childbearing. They are also
more likely to drop out of school with only about one-third able to obtain a
high school diploma. Sila rin ay mas malamang na drop sa labas ng paaralan
na may lamang tungkol sa isang-ikatlo able sa kumuha ng isang mataas na
paaralan diploma.
They also face greater financial difficulties and marital conflict. Sila rin
mukha mas malaki pinansiyal kahirapan at marital conflict. With a lower
capacity for earning and less emotional maturity, relationships are under more
stress for breaking. Sa pamamagitan ng isang mas mababang kapasidad para
sa mga kita ng mas mababa at emosyonal na kapanahunan, mga relasyon ay
sa ilalim ng karagdagang stress para sa mga paglabag.
Young unmarried mothers also face social stigmas that can have harmful
psychological and social impact. Young walang asawang mga ina din mukha
social stigmas na maaaring magkaroon ng mapanganib na mga sikolohikal at
sosyal na epekto.
1. Panatilihin ang mga ito sa tahanan kasama ang isang buo ang
pamilya set up. The social institutions surrounding the youth jointly form a
web of influence that either shield or lay them open to the lure of sexual risk-
taking. Ang panlipunang mga institusyon na nakapaligid sa kabataan sama-
sama form ng isang web ng impluwensiya na ang alinman sa kalasag o
ipatong sa kanila bukas para sa mga pang-akit ng mga sekswal na panganib-
pagkuha. The family is one such social institution since an intact family with
both parents raising the child was found to be correlated to less risk taking
behavior by teens. Ang pamilya ay isa tulad ng institusyon ng lipunan dahil
ang isang buo ang pamilya sa parehong mga magulang pagpapalaki ng bata
ay natagpuan na sang-ayon sa mas mababa ang panganib ng pagkuha ng
pag-uugali sa pamamagitan ng kabataan.
2. Panatilihin ang mga ito sa paaralan. The other social institution that
shields the youth from engaging in risk taking behavior is the school. Ang iba
pang institusyon ng lipunan na kalasag ang mga kabataan mula sa
makatawag pansin sa panganib ng pagkuha ng pag-uugali ay ang mga
paaralan. Teens leaving school at an early age are more likely than other
group of women to have their first sexual experience outside of marriage.
Teens Aalis paaralan sa isang maagang edad ay mas malamang kaysa sa iba
pang mga grupo ng mga kababaihan na magkaroon ng kanilang unang
seksuwal na karanasan sa labas ng kasal.
In 2008, the latest year for which statistics are available, the U.S. pregnancy rate
among girls between 15 and 19 was 67.8 per 1,000, according to the National
Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unwanted Pregnancy. The rate has steadily declined
since 1991, when it was 117 per 1,000 teens between the same ages.1
U.S. teen birth rates have also declined. In 2010, according to the Centers for
Disease Control, the rate was 34.3 births per 1,000 teens, compared to 61.8 births per
1,000 teens in 1991. Fewer babies were born to teenagers in 2010 than in any year
since 1946. Still, the teen birth rate in the U.S. remains nine times higher than in other
1
(2005). Teenage Pregnancy, WebMD, LLC. Retrieved July 27, 2013 from
http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/teen-pregnancy-medical-risks-and-realities
In the Philippines, pregnancy among girls under the age of 20 increased by 65 per
cent over a 10-year period, from 2000-2010, despite a reverse trend in teen marriages,
In 2010, live births by teenage mothers registered with the NSO were 207,898,
compared with 126,025 in 2000. On the other hand, teenage marriages registered with
the agency shows a slow but steady decline from 14.8 per cent in 2000 to 13 per cent
in 2010.
The 2011 Family Health Survey also revealed that while childbirth is slowly
decreasing among women in the older age groups, it is increasing among girls 15 to
19 years old, from 39 per 1,000 live births in 2006 to 54 in 2011, across all regions in
the Philippines.
Almost all adolescent births – about 95% – occur in low- and middle-income
countries. Within countries, adolescent births are more likely to occur among poor,
Young women have been the focus of a number of government programs aimed
the Philippines, 26 percent of women ages 15-24 years have begun childbearing;
young women in rural areas are more likely than those in urban areas to have begun
and those in the poorer wealth quintiles are more likely to have started childbearing
than better educated and young women in wealthier households. Across regions, early
2
(2013). Philippines Highlights Rising Teen Pregnancy on 1st International Day of Girl Child.
Retrieved July 27, 2013 from http://www.unfpa.org.ph/index.php/news/323-philippines-highlights-
rising-teen-pregnancy-on-1st-international-day-of-girl-child#sthash.5OcdOdY6.dpuf
3
(2013). Adolescent Pregnancy. Retrieved July 28, 2013 from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/en/
percent), and lowest in NCR (18 percent). Given the late age at first marriage, only 10
According to WHO, in many societies, girls may be under pressure to marry and
bear children early, or they may have limited educational and employment prospects. 5
In low- and middle-income countries, over 30% of girls marry before they are 18
years of age; around 14% before the age of 15. Moreover, married adolescents are
likely to become pregnant and give birth in accordance with social norms. Education,
on the other hand, is a major protective factor for early pregnancy: the more years of
schooling, the fewer early pregnancies. Birth rates among women with low education
Some adolescents do not know how to avoid becoming pregnant, or are unable to
sexually active adolescents are less likely to use contraceptives than adults. In Latin
America, Europe and Asia only 42-68% of adolescents who are married or in
measure related to sexuality education estimates that only 36% of young men and
24% of young women aged 15-24 in low- and middle-income countries have
4
(December 2009). National Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Retrieved July 27, 2013 from
http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR224/FR224.pdf
5
(2013). Adolescent Pregnancy. Retrieved July 28, 2013 from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/en/
6
(2013). Adolescent Pregnancy. Retrieved July 28, 2013 from
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs364/en/
In some situations, adolescent girls may be unable to refuse sex. Sexual violence
is widespread and particularly affects adolescent girls. More than one third of girls in
some countries report that their first sexual encounter was coerced.
Researchers from the Family Health Survey of the Philippines disclosed that the
primary reasons for teenage pregnancy are insufficient access to information about
Recent studies have shown that teenage girls who are more prone to unwanted
pregnancy usually start meeting with partners of the opposite sex at an early age; this
factor can also be influenced by the media or the teenage-magazines which promote
dating at an early age by giving examples of celebrity couples their own age.8
One factor is not engaging in school activities, social or family and consequently,
drop out of school; this is one of the most common reasons why teenage girls end up
being pregnant. Girls abandon school and family to be with their partner, who, in
return, leaves them with no home and an unborn child. Parents who are overprotective
rise a trust issue which frustrates the child and makes her or him act irresponsible.9
Meanwhile, others have been victims of sexual abuse; this, on the other hand, is
the most traumatizing factor which occurs between a young girl and a much older
man. This can have psychological effects which prevent the girl to continue life as a
normal teenager.
list of reasons why young lasses end up being impregnated. The lack of control
7
(2013). Philippine Teenage Pregancy up 65% in the Last Decade, Manila Standard Today. Retrieved
July 27, 2013 from http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/03/26/philippine-teenage-pregnancy-up-65-
in-the-last-decade/
8
(March 24, 2013). Factors Causing Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved July 28, 2013 from
http://www.smerete.com/factors-causing-teen-pregnancy/
9
(March 24, 2013). Factors Causing Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved July 28, 2013 from
http://www.smerete.com/factors-causing-teen-pregnancy/
caused by these substances triggers passions and lust in young teenagers and begin to
Others, still, however, were raised in a single parent family – especially girls who
grew up without a father. Single parents have a really hard time keeping in control
their adolescent children so they put too many restrictions of their teenage girls. This
behavior makes them rebel against the family and they seek understanding and love
In April 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported
that nearly one in five teen births is a repeat birth—meaning that it's at least the
second birth for the teenage mother. Although the repeat teen birth rate in the United
States declined by more than 6 percent between 2007 and 2010, it remains high—
percent), and non-Hispanic African Americans (20.4 percent). In Caucasian teens, the
Studies show that although most teen parents who are sexually active use
contraception during the postpartum period, only about 22 percent use "most
effective" birth control (> 99 percent effective). Babies born as result of a repeat
teen pregnancy are even more likely to be born premature—early and at a low birth
weight.
Declining teen pregnancy rates are thought to be attributed to more effective birth
contraception), and decreased sexual activity among teens. Still, teenage pregnancy
rates remain high and approximately 1 million teenage girls become pregnant each
10
(October 2000). Teen Pregnancy, Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved at July 28, 2013
from http://www.healthcommunities.com/teen-pregnancy/children/overview-of-teen-pregnancy.shtml
year in the United States and about 13 percent of U.S. births involve teen mothers. To
lower teen pregnancy rates, older children must be educated about sex and sexuality
In the United States, the annual cost of teen pregnancies from lost tax revenues,
public assistance, child health care, foster care and involvement with the criminal
American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Too often, teens do not seek
adequate medical care during the pregnancy. Complications that may occur during a
teen pregnancy include anemia, toxemia, high blood pressure, placenta previa and
because of poor nutrition and their age, according to Food and Nutrition Research
below 20 are undernourished, compared with 23 percent for older mothers. This also
puts their babies at risk due to low birth weight, short lactation time, and premature
birth.12
A teenager may suffer an emotional crisis if she becomes pregnant and does not
want the baby. This crisis may lead to rash behavior such as attempting to self-abort
11
(March 6, 2011). Effects of Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved July 28, 2013 from
http://www.livestrong.com/article/86972-effects-teenage-pregnancy/
12
(2013). Philippine Teenage Pregancy up 65% in the Last Decade, Manila Standard Today.
Retrieved July 27, 2013 from http://manilastandardtoday.com/2013/03/26/philippine-teenage-
pregnancy-up-65-in-the-last-decade/
13
(March 6, 2011). Effects of Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved July 28, 2013 from
http://www.livestrong.com/article/86972-effects-teenage-pregnancy/
Uncertainty about the future may arise when a teen is pregnant. A teen may feel
she does not have enough knowledge to be a mother. She may also have fears about
how having a baby will impact her own life and dreams for the future.
Education may be put on hold when a teen becomes pregnant. Teenage mothers
are more likely to drop out of school. Only about one-third of teen mothers obtain a
high school diploma.14 Others who were planning to attend college in the future may
put off that experience after becoming pregnant. They may decide to focus on the
baby or getting married rather than pursuing further education. Parenthood is the
leading reason why teen girls drop out of school; after all, it’s really difficult to juggle
homework and a baby. Less than half of teen mothers ever graduate from high school
Smoking and drug use may be problematic during a teen pregnancy. A teen may
not have the willpower to stop using substances that can harm the developing baby.15
Exhaustion may arise during a pregnancy. A pregnant teen should try to exercise
during the pregnancy; however, if exhaustion arises it is important to know that this is
often a normal part of pregnancy. Getting the standard 8 hours of sleep every night (or
more) is important.16
starts after delivering a baby), according to the CDC.17 The teen may fall into a
depression while trying to handle the emotions a pregnancy creates and all of the
possibly negative feedback about the pregnancy from friends and family. The
14
(October 2000). Teen Pregnancy, Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved at July 28, 2013
from http://www.healthcommunities.com/teen-pregnancy/children/overview-of-teen-pregnancy.shtml
15
(2013). The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, StayTeen.org. Retrieved
July 27, 2013 from http://www.stayteen.org/teen-pregnancy
16
(March 6, 2011). Effects of Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved July 28, 2013 from
http://www.livestrong.com/article/86972-effects-teenage-pregnancy/
17
(2005). Teenage Pregnancy, WebMD, LLC. Retrieved July 27, 2013 from
http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/teen-pregnancy-medical-risks-and-realities
fluctuating hormones that a pregnancy causes may also prompt depression. During
pregnancy, depression can interfere with taking good care of a newborn -- and with
Especially for teens who think they can't tell their parents they're pregnant,
feeling scared, isolated, and alone can be a real problem. Without the support of
family or other adults, pregnant teens are less likely to eat well, exercise, or get plenty
of rest. And they are less likely to get to their regular prenatal visits. Having at least
one trusted, supportive adult -- someone nearby in the community, if not a family
member -- is invaluable in helping them get the prenatal care and emotional support
Once their baby is born, teenagers may not be willing or able to give it the
undivided attention it needs. A teen may not be an adequate mother because she is
overwhelmed by the constant needs of the baby. She may grow annoyed at the lack of
Financial difficulty may arise during a teen pregnancy or after the baby is born.
Teenage births are associated with lower annual income for the mother. Eighty
percent of teen mothers must rely on welfare at some point.20 It is expensive to raise a
baby. Teens who do not have full-time employment may struggle to cover the basic
Children of teen mothers do worse in school than those born to older parents—
they are 50% more likely to repeat a grade, are less likely to complete high school
18
(2005). Teenage Pregnancy, WebMD, LLC. Retrieved July 27, 2013 from
http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/teen-pregnancy-medical-risks-and-realities
19
(2005). Teenage Pregnancy, WebMD, LLC. Retrieved July 27, 2013 from
http://www.webmd.com/baby/guide/teen-pregnancy-medical-risks-and-realities
20
(October 2000). Teen Pregnancy, Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved at July 28, 2013
from http://www.healthcommunities.com/teen-pregnancy/children/overview-of-teen-pregnancy.shtml
21
(March 6, 2011). Effects of Teenage Pregnancy. Retrieved July 28, 2013 from
http://www.livestrong.com/article/86972-effects-teenage-pregnancy/.
than the children of older mothers, and have lower performance on standardized tests.
Moreover, the daughters of young teen mothers are 3 times more likely to become
teen mothers themselves. On the other hand, the sons of teen mothers are twice as
Weirdly enough, almost 50% of teens have never thought about how a pregnancy
would affect their lives even though having a baby could be one of the most life-
whether the respondent’s first sexual intercourse was forced against her will. Force at
percent of women age 15-49 report that their first sexual intercourse was forced
Sexual violence here includes being forced to have sexual intercourse or perform
9 percent of women age 15-49 have ever experienced sexual violence. Women
age 15-19 are least likely to have experienced sexual violence. Women who are
employed, but are not paid in cash, those who are divorced, separated, or widowed,
and those who live in rural areas are more likely than other women to have
22
(2013). The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. Retrieved July 27, 2013
from http://www.stayteen.org/teen-pregnancy
23
(December 2009). National Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Retrieved July 27, 2013 from
http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR224/FR224.pdf
The likelihood of experiencing sexual violence decreases with increasing educational
Overall, almost one in four (24 percent) women age 15-49 have experienced
experienced only physical violence, 4 percent have experienced only sexual violence,
24
(December 2009). National Demographic and Health Survey 2008. Retrieved July 27, 2013 from
http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR224/FR224.pdf
Teenage Pregnancy: a Multi-Variate Solution
A letter to: The National Campaign to Prevent Teenage and Unplanned Pregnancy.
How can teenage pregnancy be stopped? Teen pregnancy has been a problem for
decades that in the recent past has seen success, but is slowly reversing its progress.
Since 2006, teenage pregnancy is rising, and whether its due to a concentration in the
wrong areas, an influx of immigrants, or simply a false alarm, it is still a problem that
needs to be solved. The main problem is that many of those who fight to eradicate it
consider only one option and discredit the rest. Some only support abstinence
programs, others reject abstinence programs and believe solely on contraceptives. The
teenage pregnancy problem is multifaceted, and all areas should receive an equal
programs, both school based, and both starting early. There needs to be a high
availability of contraceptives in all public schools. There should be more, and more
efficient programs for pregnant teenage mothers. It is imperative that it can reach all
neighborhoods and improve them; they are ripe with current and potential teen
mothers.
Background
I am writing this paper because I want whoever is heading the movement to stop
teenage pregnancy, as well as anyone else who supports this movement to have a new
perspective and possibly a new plan of action. In short I want to change the audiences
view and motivate them to act. This essay is directed at the National Campaign to
Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy because as the name suggests, it is a national
campaign aiming to do exactly what my essay will eventually ask to do. They have
much more power to change and influence the necessary people/organizations to act.
Also, the campaign is more likely to read and seriously consider this essay than any
one senator, or all Congress combined. We share a common interest, and hopefully
my insight would hope better their plan and use of resources. Obviously, the National
the area of teen pregnancy, so I will try to keep my statistics and basic explanations to
a minimum. What I will concentrate on will be on what they might be doing wrong
and how to better it, as well as tell them what they are doing right and to continue as
they are. The document will be a formal essay, will the standard background
information and facts kept brief. Although it will be a formal essay, I’ll include
personal accounts to pack some emotional punch, some pathos. At the end I will
pregnancy. I have noticed many one sided solutions that have solidified my belief in
a multi-faceted solution. Its not that each of those sources are wrong, it is that they are
not completely right. My plan would be to combine all the information found in my
research, which would be a plan containing a strong focus on abstinence and sexual
students, more programs for teenage mothers, and a big effort to reach those affected
any website that ends in “.com”. I want my sources to be completely credible and
serious. As before, I will research through the FIU library services. I plan to focus
now on all proposed solutions, as well as exactly how the teenage pregnancy rates
were lowered before the recent rise. I also plan to find exactly why there was a rise
and how to eliminate its source. I will not look for any more personal accounts or
Works consulted
Guttmacher, Sally, Lisa Lieberman, David Ward, Nick Freudenberg, Alice Radosh,
and Don Des Jerlais. "Condom Availability in NewYork City Public High
Moore, Kristen A., James L. Peterson, and Christen W. Nord. Children of Teen
Parents: Heterogeneity of Outcome. Tech. 262 139 ed. 1985. ERIC Document
Morris, Alex. "Truth and Consequences at Pregnancy High." New York 42.17 (2009):
Rinaldo, Denise. "The Tough Life of a Teen Mom." Scholastic Choices 25.4 (2010):
Stein, Rob. "Rise in Teenage Pregnancy Rate Spurs New Debate on Arresting It -
<http:// www.washingtonpost.com/wp-
dyn/content/article/2010/01/25/AR2010012503957.html>.