* Excel (2002) spreadsheet program designed by Craig John Morgan *

This spreadsheet, as discussed in Note 7.5 of the dissertation, allows the user to test the effect on the ordinary kriging
weights of five point support samples by altering one or more of the following:

a) The parameters of the isotropic spherical covariance function

b) The locations of the five samples
c) The location of the point to be estimated by ordinary kriging

Step 1: The location of the five point support samples and the point to be estimated (see Figure CD1 below).
Simply fill in the co-ordinates of the five point support samples and the point to be estimated in the box below.

X Co-ord. Y Co-ord.
Point to be estimated: 1 1
Sample 1: 1.7 1
Sample 2: 1 1.2
Sample 3: 0.3 1
Sample 4: 0.5 0
Sample 5: 1.5 0

Location of the five point samples with respect to the point to be estimated

1.4
1.2
1
Y Co-ordinate

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
X Co-ordinate
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
= Sample 1 = Sample 2 = Sample 3
= Sample 4 = Sample 5 = Point to be estimated

Figure CD1 The location of the five point support samples and the point to be estimated.

Step 2: Considering the locations specified in Step 1, the Euclidean distances between the five samples and the point
to be estimated are shown in the following Euclidean distance matrix.

Pt 2B est'ed Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5

Pt 2B est'ed 0.00 0.70 0.20 0.70 1.12 1.12
Sample 1 0.70 0.00 0.73 1.40 1.56 1.02
Sample 2 0.20 0.73 0.00 0.73 1.30 1.30
Sample 3 0.70 1.40 0.73 0.00 1.02 1.56
Sample 4 1.12 1.56 1.30 1.02 0.00 1.00
Sample 5 1.12 1.02 1.30 1.56 1.00 0.00
* The distance between, for example, Sample 1 and Sample 5 is equal to 1.02 units.

Step 3: The spherical covariance function is defined below. The range, the nugget free sill, and the nugget effect
parameters may be altered by changing their respective values in the appropriate box below.

s + ng if h = 0
C(h) = s - s{1.5(h/a) - 0.5(h/a)3} if 0 < h <= a
0 if h > a
Symbol Value
Range a 1
Nugget free sill s 1
Nugget effect ng 0

* The overall sill value of this covariance function is s + ng = 1.00

Step 4: In Sections 7.2 and 7.4 of the dissertation, it is shown that the ordinary kriging system of equations can be
written in matrix form as:

Kok.l ok = Mok

Assuming the locations of the samples and the point to be estimated in Step 1, and the isotropic covariance function
defined in Step 3, the ordinary kriging system of equations, in covariance matrix form, is given as:

1.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00

0.10 1.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 1.00
Matrix Kok = 0.00 0.10 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00

0.12
0.70
Vector Mok = 0.12
0.00
0.00
1.00

** implying that **

0.09
0.73
l ok = 0.09
0.04
0.04
-0.04

Step 5: The five ordinary kriging weights associated with the five point samples are thus:
 l1 = 0.09
l2 = 0.73
l3 = 0.09
l4 = 0.04
l5 = 0.04

Reference:
Excel (2002), Microsoft Excel 2002 [CD-ROM], n.p.: Microsoft Corporation
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ordinary kriging

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ariance function