Solve the following linear differential equations:

dy
2. 4  8 y  5e 3 x
dx
5
Answer: y   e 3 x  Ce 2 x
4
Theory:
The general form of a linear differential equation of first order is given by
dy
 Py  Q ,
dx
where P and Q are functions of x (or constants).

The integrating factor will be, I.F. = e 

P dx
such that the solution is given by

y  I.F.   Q  I.F. dx  C

Formula List:

  dx  x  C
 e2 x  e3 x   e2 x 3 x  e x

e
x
 dx  e x  C

 2 ye 2 x   ye 2 x 
dy d
 e2 x
dx dx
Solution:
dy
Given, 4  8 y  5e 3 x …(i).
dx
dy
Rewriting 4  8 y  5e 3 x to get
dx

1  dy  1
 4  8 y    5e  ; Dividing both sides by 4
3 x

4  dx  4
4 dy 8 5
 y  e3 x
4 dx 4 4
dy 5
 2 y  e3 x . . . (ii)
dx 4
dy 5
Comparing (ii) with  Py  Q , we have P  2 , and Q  e 3 x .
dx 4
Now,

I.F. = e 
P dx

 e
 2  dx

e 
2 dx

 e2 x

Multiplying both sides of (i) by I.F.  e 2 x , we get

 dy  5 
e2 x   2 y   e2 x  e 3 x 
 dx  4 
dy 5
e2 x  2 ye2 x  e2 x 3 x
dx 4
d
dx
 ye2 x   e x
5
4
Integrating both sides, we get
5
ye 2 x   e  x dx  C
4
ye 2 x   e  x   C
5
4
 5 
y  e 2 x   e  x  C  ; Multiplying both sides by e-2x
 4 
5
y   e 3 x  Ce 2 x
4