Integral of Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Example 1
2
Find the integration of  dx
2
Solution 1 x
2 dx
 dx  2 
2 2
1 x 1 x
1
 2 sin x  c
Example 2
dx
Find the integration of  2
Solution 2  2x

1 1 dx
 dx  
2 2 2
2  2x 1 x
1 1
 tan x  c
2
 5.3
5.3 Integration
Integration (Substitution
(Substitution Technique)
Technique)

 f ( g ( x)).g ' ( x) dx   f (u ) du
 F (u )  c
 F ( g ( x ))  c

Step 1 : Substitute u = g(x)  du = g’(x) dx

to obtain the integral  f (u ) du
Step 2 : Integrate f(u) with respect to u
Step 3 : Replace u by g(x) in the result
Example 1
Find the integration of  (3 x  2) dx
4

Solution
As we can see that it is similar to  x dx
4

Except that it is replaced by a liner function (3x + 2)

Let , u = (3x + 2)


4 du
u dx We get , 3
dx
du
dx 
3
Therefore,
1 4
 u dx  3  u du
4

1  u 5 
 C
3  5 
5
u
 C
15
Thus,
5
(3 x  2 )

4
(3 x  2) dx  C
15
Example 2
Find,
 (4 x  3)(2 x
2 3
 3x  5) dx
Solution:
2 du
let u  2 x  3x  5  4x  3
dx
1
therefore,  (4 x  3)(u ) 3
du
4x  3
3 1 4
 u du  u  C
4 2 4
( 2 x  3 x  5)

2 3
( 4 x  3)( 2 x  3 x  5) dx  C
4
Example 3
Find, 2x
 x 2  3 dx
Solution:
2 du
let u  x  3  2x
dx
2 x du 1
therefore,     du  ln | u | C
u 2x u
2x
 x 2  3 dx  ln | x
2
 3 | C
Example 4
2
Find, 3x  4 x
 x 3  2 x 2  1 dx
Solution:
du 2
3
let u  x  2 x  1 2
 3 x  4x
dx
3x 2  4 x du 1
therefore,   2   du
u 3x  4 x u
 ln | u | C
3x 2  4 x
 x 3  2 x 2  1 dx  ln | x
3 2
 2 x  1 | C
As we can see from example 3 and 4 , we find that
2 x dx  ln | x 2  3 | c
 2
x 2 3
3x  4 x dx  ln | x 3  2 x 2  1 |  c
 3 2
x  2x 1
thus , we can write

f ' ( x)
 f ( x)
dx  ln | f ( x) | c , f ( x)  0
Example 5
sinx
 dx
2
cos x
Let u = cos x => -du = sin x dx
1
  du
2
u

1
 c
u
1
 c
cos x

 sec x  c
Example 6
 x x  1 dx

u = x+1 => x = u-1

du = dx
1 3 1
 (u  1)u 2
du   (u 2
u 2
)du
5 3
2u 2 2u 2
  c
5 3
5 3
2( x  1) 2
2( x  1) 2
  c
5 3
Exercise 1
Determine the integrals below
 6 x  1
3

 6 x  1 dx
2

a) C
AA 9

b) 
3t  4 
1
3

2
8
dt
NN
SS
3t 1
3
4 
9
C
t 3 9
W
W
2 x3 1 x3
c) x e dx EE
R 3
e C
R
x SS 2
 dx
3 1
d) (1  x)  2(1  x) 2  C
2

1 x 3
 Solution :
2 x3
c)  x e dx a)  6 x  1 dx
x3  let u  6 x  1
 let u  e
2 x3 du
 du  3 x e dx  du  6dx   dx
6
du 2 x3 1
  x e dx   6 x  1dx   u du
3 6
2 x3 1 1  2 32 
  x e dx   du   u C
3 6 3 
1 1 x3 3
 u C  e C (6 x  1) 2

3 3  C
9
Exercise 2: By using substitution method,
integrate:-
a.

a. sin x cos x dx

3
Answer: sin 4 x
c
4
cos 3 x 1
b. 2 dx c
sin 3 x Answer: 3 sin 3 x

sin x  cos x
c. dx
sin x  cos x Answer:  ln sin x  cos x  c
 2. By using substitution method, integrate:-

sin 4 x
 sin
3
a. x cos x dx answer: c
4

4

 1
2
tan xdx
0 4
b. answer:

cos 3 x 1
c
c.
 sin 2 3x dx answer:
3 sin 3 x

sin x  cos x  ln sin x  cos x  c

d.
 sin x  cos x dx answer: