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MATH113:INTEGRAL CALCULUS
MODULE 1
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 1
1.5.Trigonometric Function:
1
du = 3d𝞱 − 3 [−𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃](3)
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑢( 3 ) =Sin3𝞱 d𝞱
1
=3 ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑑𝑢
1
=3 (−𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑢)
1
=− 3 𝐶𝑜𝑠 3𝜃 + 𝐶
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 2
2.∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 4𝑥𝑑𝑥 Checking:
1
Let u=4x d[4 𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝑥 + 𝐶]
1
du = 4 dx = 4 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 4𝑥(4)𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ( 4 ) = 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 4𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
=4 ∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
1
=4 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑢 + 𝐶
1
=4 𝑡𝑎𝑛4𝑥 + 𝐶
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑋
3.∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛4 𝑋 𝑑𝑥 Checking:
𝑆𝑖𝑛−3 𝑥
= d[ + 𝐶]
−3
−3
=∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑆𝑖𝑛−4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =d[−3 𝑆𝑖𝑛−4 𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥]
du= Cosx dx
= ∫ 𝑢−4 𝑑𝑢
𝑢−3
=[ −3 + 𝑐]
𝑆𝑖𝑛 −3 𝑥
= +𝐶
−3
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 3
4.∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥𝑑𝑥 Checking:
𝑆𝑖𝑛2 4𝑋
Let u=Sin 4x d[ + 𝐶]
8
du = Cos4x(4dx)
𝑑𝑢 1
= ∫ 𝑢 𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥 =8 (2𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑋)𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥(4)𝑑𝑥
𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥(4)
1 8
=4 ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢 = 8 𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥𝐶𝑜𝑠4𝑥𝑑𝑥
1 (𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥)2
=4 [ ]+𝐶 =Sin4xCos4xdx
2
1
=8 (𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑥)2 + 𝐶
1
du = 2dt =- 2 (−𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑡)(2)
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢( 2 ) = 𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 2𝑡
1
=2 ∫ 𝐶𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝐶𝑜𝑡2𝑡
=- 2
+𝐶
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝐼𝑛𝑥
6.∫ 𝑑𝑥 Checking:
𝑥
=∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑑𝑢
=Sin u+C
=Sin Inx +C
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 4
7.∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 5 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 Checking:
𝑆𝑒𝑐 5 𝑋
Let u=Sec x d[ + 𝐶]
5
5
du = Secx Tanx dx =5 𝑆𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥[𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥]𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑆𝑒𝑐 5 𝑥tanxdx
𝑆𝑒𝑐 5 𝑥
=[ ]+𝐶
5
Let u=6y 1
=d[6 𝑡𝑎𝑛6𝑦 − 𝑦 + 𝐶]
du = 6dy 1
=6 [𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 6𝑦(6𝑑𝑦) − 𝑑𝑦]
=∫(𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 6𝑦 − 1)𝑑𝑦
=[𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 6𝑦 − 1]𝑑𝑦
=∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 6𝑦 − ∫ 𝑑𝑦
2
=𝑡𝑎𝑛2 6𝑦𝑑𝑦
↓
u = 6y
du = 6𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ( 6 ) − 𝑦
1
=6tan 6y-y +C
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 5
𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑦𝑑𝑦
9. ∫ Checking:
1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦
(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑦 =d[ y-cosy+C]
= 𝑑𝑦
1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦
=dy+Sinydy
(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)(1+𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)
=∫ 𝑑𝑦
(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)
=(1+siny)dy
=∫(1 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)𝑑𝑦 (1+𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)
= 𝑑𝑦
(1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦)
=∫ 𝑑𝑦 + ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝐶𝑜𝑠2 𝑦𝑑𝑦
= 1−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑦
=y-Cosy+C
10.∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 − 1)2d𝞱
Checking:
=∫ (𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 + 1)𝑑𝜃
d[ tan𝜃 + 2𝐼𝑛/𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃/ +𝑐
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃
=∫(𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1) − 2 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
=(𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑑𝜃
(−𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑑𝜃)
=∫ 𝑆𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 + 2 ∫ =((𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 1 − 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃)𝑑𝜃
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 6
Exercises 1.5
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 3𝑥𝑑𝑥
2.∫
1+4𝑡𝑎𝑛3𝑥
1
3.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑦𝑑𝑦
2
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑤𝑑𝑤
5.∫
1−𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑤
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦
8.∫ 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑦 𝑑𝑦
9.∫(cos 𝐶 + 1) 𝑑𝑐
(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
10.∫
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 7
‘
1.6. Transformation by trigonometric Functions
Type I:
(1) m is odd
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙
(2) n is odd
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 = 𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙
Illustrative Example:
=∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Trigo Identities:
Trigo Identities: 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = (1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 =∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
=∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥(1 − 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 =∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
u=cosx
Let:
du=-sinxdx
𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
=∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
=∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 − ∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢 =−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 + 𝐶
1
=
𝑢3
−
𝑢4
+𝑐 =3 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝐶
3 4
1 1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛5 𝑥 + 𝐶
3 5
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 8
Type II.
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 − 1
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 = 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑢
𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝑢 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢 − 1
Illustrative Example:
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 9
Type III:
Illustrative Example:
=∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃 + ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝜃𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
Let: Let:
u=tanx u=tan𝞱
=∫ 𝑢2 𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑢4 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑢𝑑𝑢 + ∫ 𝑢3 𝑑𝑢
1 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛5 𝑥 + 𝐶
3 5 1 1
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛4 𝜃 + 𝐶
2 4
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 10
TypeIV
Power of Functions
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)
2
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑢 = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)
2
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢
2
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 11
1.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃𝑑𝜃
2. ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Trigonometric Identities:
∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2 𝑑𝜃
𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑡 = 2𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡
Trigonometric Identities
𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑡
1 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑡𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑢 2
2
1
=∫(2 𝑆𝑖𝑛2𝑡)4
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)
2 Trigonometric Identities:
1 1
= ∫ (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃)( 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)2 𝑑𝜃 1
2 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑢)
2
1
= ∫(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃)𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑑𝜃 1
8 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑢)
2
1 1
=8 ∫ 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑑𝜃 − 8 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑆𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑑𝜃 1
=16 ∫(𝑆𝑖𝑛2 2𝑡)2
1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝑢 = (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑢) = ∫(1 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡4𝑡 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑡)𝑑𝑡
2 64
1 2 1
=64 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 − 64 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡 + 64 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑡𝑑𝑡
1 1 1
=8 ∫ 2 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃) − 8 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑆𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑑𝜃 1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4𝑢 = 2 (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠8𝑢)
1 1 1 1 2 1 (1+𝐶𝑜𝑠8𝑡)𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝜃 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝜃𝑑𝜃 − ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃𝑑𝜃 =64 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 − 64 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡𝑑𝑡 + 64 ∫ 2
16 16 8
1 2 1 1
Let u=4𝜃 u=Sin2𝜃 =64 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 − 64 ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑡𝑑𝑡 + 128 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + 128 ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠8𝑡𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝜃 1 𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑢 du = 4dt du = 8dt
∫ − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢 ( ) − ∫ 𝑢2 ( ) + 𝐶
16 16 4 8 2
1 2 𝑑𝑢 1 1 𝑑𝑢
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑢( 4 ) + 128 ∫ 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑢( 8 )
𝜃 1 1 64 64 128
− 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜃 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝜃) + 𝐶
16 64 8𝑥3𝑥2 1 1 1 1
=64 𝑡-128 𝑆𝑖𝑛4𝑡 + 128 𝑡 + 1024 𝑆𝑖𝑛8𝑡+C
𝜃 1 1
= − 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜃 − (𝑠𝑖𝑛3 2𝜃) + 𝐶 3𝑡 1 1
16 64 48 =128 − 128 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑡 + 1024 𝑠𝑖𝑛8𝑡 + 𝐶
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 12
Exercise 1.6: Evaluate the following Integrals.
1.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑦𝑑𝑦
2.∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
3.∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 7 𝜃𝑑𝜃
4.∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 6 𝑢𝑑𝑢
𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
5.∫
𝑐𝑜𝑠6 𝑥
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 13
1.7. Inverse Trigonometric Function
𝑑𝑢 𝑢
∫ = 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑐
√𝑎2 − 𝑢2 𝑎
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑢
∫ 𝑎2 +𝑢2 = 𝑎 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑎 + 𝑐 ; where a is constant
𝑑𝑣
1.∫ 𝑑𝑡
9+4𝑣 2
2. ∫
𝑎2 = 9, 𝑎 = √9 = 3 √5 − 16𝑡 2
𝑢2 = 4𝑣 2 , 𝑢 = 2𝑣, 𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑑𝑣 𝑎2 = 5, 𝑎 = √5
𝑑𝑣 𝑢2 = 16𝑡 2 , 𝑢 = 4𝑡, 𝑑𝑢 = 4𝑑𝑡
=∫
32 + (2𝑣)2 𝑑𝑢
4
[
𝑑𝑢
] =∫
2 √𝑎2 −𝑢2
=∫
𝑎2 +𝑢2
1 𝑑𝑢
1 𝑑𝑢 = ∫ 2 2
4 √𝑎 −𝑢
= ∫ 2
2 𝑎 + 𝑢2 1 4𝑡
1 2𝑣
= 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑐
4 √5
= 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 +𝑐
6 3
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
3. ∫ 4. ∫
𝑡 2 + 6𝑡 + 10
√9 − 𝑦 2
𝑑𝑡
2
𝑎 = 9, 𝑎 = 3 =∫ 2
𝑡 +6𝑡+9+1
𝑑𝑡
𝑢2 = 𝑦 2 , 𝑢 = 𝑦, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑦 =∫
(𝑡+3)2 +1
𝑑𝑢
=∫ 2 2 let
√𝑎 −𝑢
𝑦 𝑎2 = 1, 𝑎 = 1
= 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐
3
𝑢2 = (𝑡 + 3)2 , 𝑢 = 𝑡 + 3, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑢
=∫
𝑢2 + 𝑎2
=𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑡 + 3) + 𝑐
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 14
𝑦2 + 1
5. ∫ 𝑑𝑦
𝑦2 + 4
3
∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑦
𝑦2 +4
𝑑𝑦
∫ 𝑑𝑦 − 3 ∫
𝑦2 +4
𝑎2 = 4, 𝑎 = 2
𝑢2 = 𝑦 2 , 𝑢 = 𝑦, 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
∫ 𝑑𝑦 − 3 ∫
𝑢2 + 𝑎2
3 𝑦
= 𝑦 − 𝐴𝑟𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑐
2 2
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 15
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 16
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 17
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 18
Exercises 1.7: Evaluate the following
𝑦+4
1.∫ 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑦 +6
𝑑𝑥
2.∫
√2𝑎𝑥−𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢
3.∫ 2𝑢
√9𝑒 −1
(4𝑥−7)𝑑𝑥
4.∫ 2
𝑥 −6𝑥+13
𝑑𝑡
5.∫ 2 2
𝑡√𝑡 −𝑎
𝑑𝑥
6.∫
𝑥√1−4𝐼𝑛2 𝑥
(3𝑥−2)𝑑𝑥
7.∫ 2
𝑥 +2𝑥+17
𝑑𝑦
8.∫ 2
9𝑦 +6𝑦+5
𝒆𝟑𝒙 𝒅𝒙
𝟗. ∫
𝟗 + 𝟒𝒆𝟔𝒙
(𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙)𝒅𝒙
10.∫
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙√𝟓−𝟑𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 19
MATH 113– INTEGRAL CALCULUS | PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUTH ANN D MANINGDING 20