EARTHWORK

EXCAVATION
MEASUREMENT FROM CROSS
SECTION
• Mid section method
• Trapezoidal method
• Prismoidal method
 TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
• EGL (Existing Ground Level) or GL (Ground Level): The existing
earth surface
• FL (Formation Level): The proposed level of roadway.
• RL (Road Level): A level stated in relation to a known bench mark
or datum.
• Longitudinal Slope/ Gradient: Gradient may be defined as the rate
of rise or fall along the length of highway.
• Side Slope: Side slope is defined as the rate of rise or fall of the
shoulders of the pavement. It depends on the soil characteristics
and geographic location of the highway.
 MID SECTION FORMULA
• Average depth, davg = (d1 + d2)/2
• Area of mid-section, A mid = bdavg + (1/2) sdavg2 + (1/2) sdavg²
• Amid = bdavg+sdavg 2
• Amid = (b+sdavg) x davg Side slope 1:s
1ft
V1-2 = Aavg x L
Side
b slope S ft
Gradient

For1ft increases = s ft
sdavg
For davg ft increases= s×davg ft
TRAPEZOIDAL FORMULA
• A1 = (b+sd1) x d1
• A2 = (b+sd2) x d2
• A mean = (A1+A2)/2

• V1-2 = A mean x L
PRISMOIDAL FORMULA
• A1 = (b+sd1) x d1
1 times
• A2 = (b+sd2) x d2

• A mean = (A1+A2)/2
4 times
• V1-2 = (A1+ 4Am + A2)/6 x L

1 times
PROBLEM EXAMPLE
A 1 km road is to be constructed in existing ground level having reduced levels 54.1, 53.8,
53.5, 53.5, 54.3, 54.6, 54.9, 54.5, 54.7 and 54.3 meters at 100 m intervals. A required reduced
level at station 1 is 55 meter and the downward gradient is 1 in 1000. The width of the road
at formation level is 8 meter. Slopes to be maintained at cutting and filling are 1:2 (V: H) and
1:3 (V: H) respectively. Calculate the volume of Earthwork.
 1000 downgrades 1 ft
1
100m downgrades 1000ft=0.1ft

L
L
CALCUL ATION 55-54.1=0.9
54.9-53.8=1.1

Calculation between section 1 and 2

d1= 0.9
d2= 1.1
𝑑1+𝑑2 0.9+1.1
davg= = =1
2 2
Aavg=(b + s * davg)*davg
=(8+3*1)*1 [road width b=8m &
for filling side slope 1:3, s=3]
= 11 m^2

**Similarly calculate the other sections