Sequences

Arithmetic Sequence Quadratic Sequence

n 1 2 3 4 5 n 1 2 3 4 5
nth term 3 5 7 9 11 nth term 2 5 10 17 26
𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛

1st difference +2 +2 +2 +2 1st difference +3 +5 +7 +9

𝑑 = 2 2nd difference +2 +2 +2
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅
𝑎𝑛 = 3 + (𝑛 − 1)2 So get 𝑛2
𝑎𝑛 = 3 + 2𝑛 − 2 𝑛2 1 4 9 16 25
𝑎𝑛 = 2𝑛 + 1
So 50𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒏 𝟐 + 𝟏
𝑎50 = 2(50) + 1 = 100 + 1 = 101

Rational Expressions
Multiply Rational Expressions Divide Rational Expressions
 Simplify then multiply  Flip the second fraction and multiply
12𝑥 3 21𝑦 2 2𝑥 5𝑦 2𝑥 7
Ex: × Ex: 3 ÷ 7 = 3 × 5𝑦
7𝑥 4𝑦 5

Add or Subtract Rational Expressions

 Get the same dominator
3 1 6 𝑥 6+𝑥
Ex: 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 2 = 2𝑥 2
Multiply by 𝑥
Multiply by 2

Powers
Multiply and Divide Powers Power of a Power
2 5 7 (𝑥 2 )5 10
𝑥 ∙ 𝑥 =𝑥 =𝑥
𝑥5
= 𝑥2
𝑥3
Negative Powers Rational Powers
 Move the term with negative power then  Simplify then write it using √
simplify
3 4
Ex : 𝑥 −2 = 3𝑥 2 𝑥5 4 1 3
5
Ex: 1 = 𝑥 5−5 = 𝑥 5 = √𝑥 3
𝑦 −3 1
= 𝑥5
𝑥5 𝑦3𝑥5 If the expression contains only numbers without
3𝑦 −3 3∙25 ∙𝑥2 96𝑥 2
= = variables you can do it by the calculator.
2−5 𝑥 −2 𝑦3 𝑦3
Do not forget
 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑠 𝑥 1
0
𝑥2
 anything power zero is 1⇒ 𝑥 0 = 1 ; 30 = 1 ; (3𝑦 4 ) = 1
 Angles
Acute Right Obtuse Reflex
 < 90°  = 90°  > 90°  > 180°

Areas
Triangle Rectangle
𝑏ℎ 𝐴 = 𝐿𝑊
𝐴=
2

Parallelogram Trapezoid
𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ (𝑏1+𝑏2)ℎ
𝐴= 2

Circle
Area Circumference Sector
2 59
𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑟
𝐴= 𝜋𝑟 2
360

59
𝐴𝑟𝑐 = × 2𝜋𝑟
360
Rhombus Kite
𝑑1 𝑑2 𝑑1 𝑑2
𝐴= 𝐴=
2
2

Volumes
Cylinder Cone
2 2
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟 ℎ 𝜋𝑟 ℎ
𝑉=
3

Rectangular Prism Rectangular Pyramid

𝑉 = 𝐿𝑊𝐻 𝐿𝑊𝐻
𝑉=
3
 Triangular Prism Triangular Pyramid
𝑏ℎ𝐻 𝐴∆ 𝐻𝑝𝑦𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑑 𝑏ℎ𝐻
𝑉 = 𝐴∆ 𝐻𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑚 = 𝑉= =
2 3 6

Sphere
4 3
𝑉= 𝜋𝑟
3

Surface Area
Cylinder Cone
2 2
𝑆𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑟 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 𝑆𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 + 𝜋𝑟𝐿

Cube Rectangular Prism

𝑆𝐴 = 6𝑠 2 𝑆𝐴 = 2𝐿𝑊 + 2𝐿𝐻 + 2𝑊𝐻
𝑉 = 𝑠3

Sphere Others
2
𝑆𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑟 𝑆𝐴 = 𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠.

LOCUS
2cm From a fixed point 2cm From a line 𝑨𝑩 Equidistant from 2 Equidistant from two
A points A and B intersecting lines
 Pythagorean Therom
 Used only in right triangles to calcuate on of the missing sides
 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 indicates the shorter sides that form the right angle and are called legs.
 𝑐 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒.
 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2

Circle and angles

Central Angle Circular angle
 equals the facing arc  equals half the facing arc

Triangle in half cirle Quadrilateral in a circle

 The angle facing the diameter is  the opposite angles are
90 supplementary i.e their sum
is 180.