Algebra

Substitution Multiplying Brackets Factorising – 4 types

(the opposite of Factorising)
Calculate the value of 𝑝2 − 3𝑟𝑞 Highest Common Factor
For 𝑝 = 3, 𝑞 = −4 and 𝑟 = 7 3𝑥 + 2 4𝑥 − 3
Simple Equation = 3𝑥 4𝑥 − 3 + 2 4𝑥 − 3 6𝑥 2 − 15𝑥𝑦
Sub in values for p, q and r = 12𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 8𝑥 − 6 3𝑥(2𝑥 − 5𝑦)
Simple Equation 3 2 − 3 7 −4 = 12𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6
3 2𝑥 − 1 = 4𝑥
3 2𝑥 − 1 = 4𝑥 = 93 Difference of Squares
6𝑥 − 3 = 4𝑥
6𝑥
6𝑥 −−4𝑥
3== 34𝑥 Manipulate Formulae (Rearranging) 4𝑥 2 − 81
6𝑥
2𝑥 = 3 = 3
− 4𝑥 (2𝑥 + 9)(2𝑥 − 9)
2𝑥 3 3
= This is taking a formula and changing its
𝑥= subject (the letter by itself) through rules Quadratics
23
𝑥= of maths. (Multiplication, factorising etc)
2 to get rid of brackets, 𝑥’s to one
Multiply 6𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 14
side, numbers to the other…. 1 (3𝑥 − 7)(2𝑥 + 3)
Multiply to get rid of brackets, 𝑥’s to 𝑀=
𝑆+𝑃
one side, numbers to the other…. Grouping
Rearrange the formula to make P its
Inequalities subject. 9𝑎2 − 6𝑎𝑏 + 12𝑎𝑐 − 8𝑏𝑐
3𝑎 3𝑎 − 2𝑏 + 4𝑐(3𝑎 − 2𝑏)
5𝑥 + 1 ≤ 4𝑥 + 3 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 𝑀 𝑆+𝑃 =1 (3𝑎 + 4𝑐)(3𝑎 − 2𝑏)

5𝑥 − 4𝑥 ≤ 3 − 1 𝑀𝑆 + 𝑀𝑃 = 1
Combinations
𝑥≤2 𝑀𝑃 = 1 − 𝑀𝑆
0 1 2 3
Treat this like an equation with 𝑥’s to one 1 − 𝑀𝑆
side and numbers to the other. 𝑃=
𝑀
𝑥 ∈ 𝑁 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍 means dots.
𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 means shading
Compound Inequalities

−2 ≤ 5𝑥 + 3 < 18 , 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 Forming a Quadratic Equation Solving Quadratics −(−4) ± (−4)2 −4(2)(−6)

𝑥=
2(2)
Split into two inequalities and solve as 𝑥 2 − 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑥 + (𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠) = 0 𝑓 𝑥 = 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 6 = 0
4 ± 16 + 48
before. 𝑥 =
Form the equation with roots 𝑥 = 4 and 𝑥 = 7 factorise 2𝑥 − 6 𝑥 + 1 = 0 4
4 ± 64
−2 ≤ 5𝑥 + 3 5𝑥 + 3 < 18 𝑥 =
𝑥 2 − 4 + 7 𝑥 + (4)(7) = 0 or – 𝑏 formula 4
−2 − 3 ≤ 5𝑥 5𝑥 < 18 − 3 4±8
−5 ≤ 5𝑥 5𝑥 < 15 𝑥 2 − 11𝑥 + 28 = 0 𝑥 =
4
−1 ≤ 𝑥 𝑥<3 −𝑏 ± 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 4+8 4−8
Note – ‘roots’ are values for 𝑥 that satisfy the equation. 𝑥= 𝑥 = &
2𝑎 4 4
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 𝑥 =3 & −1
Laws of Indices Properties of Surds Express as a Single Fraction Simultaneous Equations – 2 unknowns (linear)
Properties of Indices Properties of Surds: Write as a single fraction
1. 𝑎𝑚 . 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 3𝑥 − 2 2𝑥 5𝑥 − 1 Solve 4𝑥 + 16𝑦 = 20
+ −
𝑎𝑚 1. 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎 𝑏 4 3 12 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −1
2. = 𝑎𝑚−𝑛
𝑎𝑛
a a
3. 𝑎𝑚 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 2. = Find a common denominator. Multiply one or both lines to make co-efficients of
𝑛 b b
4. 𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑛 𝑏 𝑛 one of the variables the same. Cancel down and
1 3 3𝑥 − 2 + 4 2𝑥 − 1(5𝑥 − 1) solve.
5. 𝑎 −𝑛 = 3. 𝑎 𝑎=𝑎
1
𝑎𝑛 12
𝑛 12𝑥 − 5 4𝑥 + 16𝑦 = 20 4𝑥 + 16𝑦 = 20
6. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎
Surds Example 12 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −1 × −2 −4𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 2
7. 𝑎0 =1
22𝑦 = 22
Indices Example 𝑥+ 𝑥 𝑥− 𝑥 =6 Equations Using Fractions 4𝑥 + 16𝑦 = 20 𝑦=1
2 1 1 4𝑥 + 16(1) = 20
8𝑥 − =
𝑥 𝑥− 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑥− 𝑥 =6 3𝑥 − 4 2𝑥 + 1 2 4𝑥 + 16 = 20
= 42𝑥+1
2 4𝑥 = 4 Also occurs in co-ordinate
2 Similar to above but we can drop the denominator. 𝑥=1 geometry to find where
𝑥2 −𝑥 𝑥+𝑥 𝑥− 𝑥 =6 Remember to put any whole number over 1.
23 𝑥 lines intersect
1 = 22 2𝑥+1
22 𝑥2 − 𝑥 = 6 2(2) 2𝑥 + 1 − 1(2) 3𝑥 − 4 = 1(3𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 + 1) Algebra Division
2(3𝑥 − 4)(2𝑥 + 1)
23𝑥 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 = 0 Divide 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 6 by 𝑥 + 3
1 = 24𝑥+2
22 8𝑥 + 4 − 6𝑥 + 8 = 6𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 4
𝑥−3 𝑥+2 =0 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 2
0 = 6𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 8 − 4 − 4
1 6𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 − 16 = 0 𝑥+3 2𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 6
23𝑥−2 = 24𝑥+2 𝑥=3 𝑥 = −2 2𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2
not a solution −5𝑥 2 − 13𝑥 + 6
1 −𝑏 ± 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
3𝑥 − = 4𝑥 + 2 𝑥= −5𝑥 2 − 15𝑥
2 Verify 2𝑎 2𝑥 + 6
1 This means check your solutions. −(−7) ± (−7)2 −4(6)(−16) 2𝑥 + 6
2 − = 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 𝑥=
2 From above: 2(6) 0
1 𝑥=3
1 =𝑥 7 ± 433
2 3+ 3 3− 3 =6 𝑥= Writing Expressions/ Solving Problems II
12
2 𝑥 is a real number.
9+3 3−3 3− 3 =6 One new number is formed by increasing 𝑥 by 1.
9−3= 6 Verified 7 + 433 7 − 433
𝑥= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = A second new number is formed by decreasing 𝑥 by 2.
12 12
The product of the 2 new numbers is 1
Writing Expressions/ Solving Problems
𝑥 = 2.3 & − 1.2 Find 𝑥.
The length of a rectangle is 5 times its width. The perimeter
(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 − 2 = 1
of the rectangle is 120m.
𝑥 𝑥−2 +1 𝑥−2 =1
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 − 2 − 1 = 0
𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 𝑥 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 5𝑥
𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥 + 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 5𝑥 = 120
𝑥 = 10
Use –b to finish to give 𝑥 = 2.303 & 𝑥 = −1.303