First Order

Differential Equation
• SEPARABLE EQUATIONS
Separable Differential Equations
• A differential equation is known as a separable differential equation if it can be
𝑑𝑦
written as 𝑁 𝑦 = 𝑀(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
• To separable, multiplied by derivative
𝑑𝑥
𝑁 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 𝑀(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

• Integrate both sides

න 𝑁 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = න 𝑀(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

• Solve the 𝑦(𝑥)

Example
𝑑𝑦
Solve = 6𝑦 2 𝑥 𝑦 1 = 1/25
𝑑𝑥

1. Multiplied by derivative 𝑛
1
1 න 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛+1
𝑑𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑑𝑥 𝑛+1
𝑦2
2. Integrate both sides
1
න 2 𝑑𝑦 = න 6𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑦
1
− = 3𝑥 2 + 𝑐
𝑦
1
− = 3(1)2 +𝑐 𝑐 = −28
1/25
Example
1
− = 3𝑥 2 − 28
𝑦
1
𝑦 𝑥 =
28 − 3𝑥 2
Separable Differential Equations
• Sometimes it is necessary to make substitution so that we can write
the differential equation in separable form.
𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦+1
• Example: Use the substitution 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 to solve =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥+𝑦+5
1. Differentiate the substitution
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑦
=1 +
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= − 1 eq (i)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 𝑥+𝑦+1
2. Include eq (i) and 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑦 into equation 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑥+𝑦+5

𝑑𝑧 𝑧+1
−1=
𝑑𝑥 𝑧+5
2
𝑑𝑧
=
𝑧+1
+ 1 න 1+ 𝑑𝑧 = න 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑧+5 𝑧+3

𝑑𝑧 2𝑧 + 6 2(𝑧 + 3) 𝑧 + 2𝑙𝑛 𝑧 + 3 = 2𝑥 + 𝑐
= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑧+5 𝑧+5
𝑙𝑛(𝑧 + 3)2 = 2𝑥 − 𝑧 + 𝑐
𝑧+5
𝑑𝑧 = 2𝑑𝑥 (𝑧 + 3)2 = 𝐴𝑒 2𝑥−𝑧 , 𝐴 = 𝑒𝑐
𝑧+3
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3)2 = 𝐴𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 ,
2
1+ 𝑑𝑧 = 2𝑑𝑥
𝑧+3
Group works
1. Find the solution of the 2. By using substitution 𝑧 = 𝑥𝑦,
differential equation change the differential equation

𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑦
𝑑𝑦 3𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 4
=
𝑑𝑥 2𝑦 − 4 To separable equation. Hence
solve the original equation.
𝑦 1 =3