Phonemes: Spelling + examples

/p/ “p” – strapped, pack, ship

/b/ “b” – boy ; by; rob

/ t/ “t” – tea; wrote
Past endings in regular verbs (voiceless consonants) – helped /t/

/d/ “d” - dark; word ; adorn…

Past endings in regular verbs (voiced consonants or vowels) –
played; robbed
/k/ “k”; “ck” – think; pack…
“ch” – school, character; architect…
“c” – careful; cartoon…

/g/ “g” - girl; egg; dog…

/f/ “f” – fur; off; fortune, find…

“ph” – philosophy
/v/ “v” – five, love…
of /ɒv/
/θ/ “th” – thing; through; thought, throw…

/ð/ “th” – this; that; although, the…

/s/ “s” ; “ss” – so; glass; space…

“c” – cereal, certain, cybernetics…
Voiceless consonant + s (plural) - books
/z/ “z” – zero, Zephyrus, zeal
Voiced consonant / vowel + s – boys; beds, please…
/ʃ / “sh” – she, show; ash…

/ʒ/ “s” – measure; treasure; leisure /´treʒə/

/tʃ/ “ch” – choose, child, church…

** actually – /æktʃuəli/

/dʒ/ “g”; “j” – January, page, just, John, jealous, jet…

/m/ “m” – meal, my, must…

/n/ “n” – nobody, nine, Norway…

“kn” – know, knob; knock, knee…
/ ŋ/ “ng” – thing, sang, song, reading…

/l/ “l” – last, blue, loom, tell…

/r/ “r” – read, rise, ring…

“wr” – write, wreck, wrote, wrap
/h/ “h” – he, high, house, hair…

/w/ “w” – way, week, why…

/ j/ “y” – yet, young, you