Tutorial 11b PlyFailure

Tutorial 11b:: Composites,
Composites
Modelling ply failure
Stephanie Miot
First matrix
crack
Fibre failure
initiation
Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Southill Barn, Southill Business Park, Cornbury Park, Charlbury, Oxfordshire, OX7 3EW
T. 01608 811777 F. 01608811770 E.info@ssanalysis.co.uk W. www.ssanalysis.co.uk
1. Introduction
In this tutorial, you will modify a structural model of a stiffened panel to define the
material properties including the ply failure parameters. You will then perform a
static analysis of a bending test and visualize the simulation of the damage
propagation with Abaqus/Viewer.
Abaqus/Viewer
When you complete this tutorial, you

y will be able to:
- Define the material properties of a composite ply including the coefficients
of the Hashin’s
ashin’s failure criteria
- Define a damage propagation model
- Use the visualization module to create ply stack plots and contour plots on
different plies
Preliminaries
The stiffened panel is composed of:

- a skin
• Dimensions: 1600
16 mm x 1000 m, 6 mm thick
• Lay-up: (-452, 452, 02, 902, 02, 902)S
• Material: UD carbon / epoxy T300/M18
- 2 stiffeners
• Dimensions: 200
20 mm x 140 mm, 1600 mm
m long, 4 mm thick
• Lay-up: (02, -45
452, 902, 452)S
• Material: UD carbon / epoxy T800/M18

T. 01608 811777 F. 01608811770 E.info@ssanalysis.co.uk W. www.ssanalysis.co.uk 2
Figure 1: Stiffened panel
2. Setting up the model

Open the model Tutorial11b.cae.
Tutorial11b
This file contains the assembly as presented in Figure 1. The units are: mm and
MPa.
In this tutorial, you will define:
define
- the properties for each material and include the Hashin’s failure criteria
and
nd the progressive damage models
- the lay-up of the components
- the mesh
- the static analysis
- the boundary conditions and the loading.
Finally, you will run a static analysis and use the visualization module to post-
post
process the results of the simulation.

3. Material and section properties
1. Define the mechanical behaviour of the UD plies with the following material
properties:
T300/M18 T800/M18
Elasticity coefficients
E1 170 GPa 192
92 GPa
E2 9 GPa 15 GPa
ν12 0.34 0.3
0.34
G12 4.8 GPa 5.6 GPa
G13 4.8 GPa 5.6 GPa
G23 4.5 GPa 4.9 GPa
Hashin’s failure criteria coefficients
XT 2050 MPa 2240
0 MPa
XC 1200 MPa 1230
0 MPa
YT 62 MPa 71 MPa
YC 190 MPa 210
0 MPa
SL 81 MPa 90 MPa
ST 81 MPa 90 MPa
Fracture toughnesses
Long. tensile fracture
95 kJ/m² 105
5 kJ/m²
kJ/m
energy: Gftc
Long. compressive
103 kJ/m² 108 kJ/m²
fracture energy: Gfcc
Trans. tensile fracture
0.2 kJ/m² 0.2 kJ/m²
energy: Gmtc
Trans. compressive
0.2 kJ/m² 0.2 kJ/m²
fracture energy: Gmcc

a. Go into the Property Module and click the Create Material icon
b. In the Edit Material dialog box, name the material T300/M18.
c. From the material editor’s menu bar, select Mechanical → Elasticity →

Elastic. Select Type: Lamina and enter the material data as defined above.
d. Select Mechanical → Damage for Fiber-Reinforced

Fiber Reinforced Composites → Hashin
Damage and enter
nter the material data as defined above.

e. Click Suboptions and select Damage Evolution. In the Suboption Editor
dialog box, enter the
he parameters as defined above.
f. Click Suboptions and select Damage Stabilization. Specify the value of the
viscosity coefficient for each failure mode: 1e-4.
1e
g. Follow the instructions a to f to create the material T800/M18.

2. Define the lay-up of each component.
component The skin is made of 24 plies. The
stacking sequence is defined as: (-452, 452, 02, 902, 02, 902)S. The stiffener is
made of 16 plies. The stacking sequence is defined as: (02, -452, 902, 452)S.
a. Click the Create Composite Layup icon . Name the new lay
lay-up
definition: Skin lay-up.. Set the Initial ply count at 6 and select the Element
Type: Continuum Shell.
Shell Click Continue...
b. In the Edit Composite Layup dialog box, define the Layup orientation. Select
Definition: Coordinate system.
system Click the Select CSYS icon to select
Datum csys-1. Click OK to go back to the composite lay-up
up editor.
c. Accept the default selection for the Normal direction: Axis 3 and the
Stacking Direction: Element direction 3.
3
d. In the Plies tab, toggle on Make calculated sections symmetric.

symmetric Rename
the plies then double-click
click the Region button and select the entire part.
part
e. Double-click the Material button and select the material: T300/M18.

T300/M18
f. Double-click the Element Relative Thickness button and set the relative
thickness of each ply at 0.25.
0.
Note: The sum of the relative thicknesses does not need to be equal to 1. The
result will be automatically normalised by Abaqus.
g. In the column Rotation Angle,

Angle define
ne the orientation for each ply.
h. Finally, set the number of Integration Points at 1.
i. Use the options available in the Display tab to check the orientation of the
lay-up. Then click OK to create the new lay-up.

j. Follow the instructions a to i to define the lay-up of the stiffener.
Note: The stiffener is made of two regions:
- seat, 16-ply region, (02, -452, 902, 452)S
- web, 32-ply region, (02, -452, 902, 452, 452, 902, -452, 02)S
See Tutorial 10 for more detailed instructions if needed.

4. Mesh
1. Create the FE mesh for the skin.
a. Go into the Mesh Module and select the Part: Skin in the menu bar.
b. Click the Assign Element Type icon . Select the entire part. In the
Element Type dialog box, select Family: Continuum Shell and accept the
other default selections.
c. Click the Seed Part icon . Set the approximate global size at 30 mm.
d. Click the Assign Mesh Controls icon . Select Technique:

Technique Sweep and
Algorithm:: Medial axis.
e. Click the Mesh Part icon and click Yes.
f. Check that the stacking direction is correct. Click the Assign Stack Direction
icon and select the top face of the skin to define the reference
orientation.

2.. Create the FE mesh for the stiffener.
a. Select the Part: Stiffener in the menu bar or right click Stiffener in the model
tree and select Make Current.
Current
b. Assign the element type:

ype: Continuum Shell and set the approximate global
size of the elements at 20
2 mm.
c. Mesh the part and assign the stacking direction.
d. In the menu bar, select Object: Assembly to visualise the mesh of the
different instances.

5. Static analysis
1. Create a new analysis step and define the parameters of the analysis.
analysis
a. Go into the Step Module.

Module Click the Create Step icon
b. Select the type of procedure: Static, General and click Continue...
c. In the Edit Step dialog box, toggle on Nlgeom. In the Incrementation tab,
define the Maximum
aximum number of increments: 100 000 and the Increment
size: Initial: 0.01, Minimum: 1e-9, Maximum: 0.1. Click OK.

2. Create new output requests. The preselected default output does not include
the damage variables and the default selection of the layered section points
includes only the top and bottom points.
points To visualize the stresses and the
damage evolution in each ply in the Visualization module, you will write additional
field output to the output database file.
file
a. Click the Create Field Output icon
b. In the Edit Field Output Request dialog box, select Domain: Set: Skin-1.All.
Then select Frequency: Evenly spaced time intervals and set Interval: 10.
c. In the Output Variables list, expand the Stresses list and toggle on the
variable S,, then expand the Failure/Fracture list and toggle on the variables
DAMAGEFT, DAMAGEF
DAMAGEFC, DAMAGEMT, DAMAGEMC,, HSNFTCRT,
HSNFCCRT, HSNMTCRT
HSNMTCRT, and HSNMCCRT. Finally, expand the
State/Field/User/Time list and toggle on the variable STATUS.
d. Specify the output at layered section points: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and click

c OK.
e. Click the Field Output Manager icon . Select the second field output
requests F-Output-2 created in Step-1 and click Copy...
f. Rename the new field output request: F-Output-3 and click OK.
OK In the Field
Output Requests Manager,
Manager F-Output-3 is selected. Click Edit...
g. Modify the selection of the Domain: Set: Stiffener-1.All.. Then modify the
specification of the layered section points: 1, 2, 3, 4. Click OK.
h. Follow the instructions e to g to create a new field output request: F-Output-4

for the second stiffener: Domain: Set: Stiffener-2.All.

6. Boundary conditions
1. Preliminary work: create a reference point and define a coupling constraint
between the point and the face of the skin where the loading is applied. This is to
simplify the post-processing.
processing. The displacement and the total reaction force can
then
en be extracted at a single point.
a. Go into the Interaction Module. Click the Create Reference Point icon
b. Specify the coordinates X, Y, Z: 0., 900., 3.
c. Click the Create Constraint icon . Accept the default name and select
Coupling. Click Continue...
d. Select the constraint control points: RP-1,

RP the constraint region type:
Surface and the surface: BC-2.
BC
e. In the Edit Constraint dialog box, accept the default selections for the
Coupling type: Kinematic and the Constrained degrees of freedom: All.
A
Click OK.

2. Create new boundary conditions
a. Go into the Load Module.

Module Click the Create Boundary Condition icon
b. Select Step: Initial

Initial, Category: Mechanical and Type:
Displacement/Rotation Click Continue...
Displacement/Rotation.
c. Select the region from the list of eligible Sets: BC-1.. Toggle on U1, U2 and
U3. Click OK.

d. Create a new Boundary Condition. Select Step: Step-1
1, Category:
Mechanical and Type: Displacement/Rotation.
Displacement/Rotation Click Continue...
e. Select the reference point RP-1 then specify the applied displacements:
U2 = 14 mm and U3 = -70
- mm. Click OK.

7. Analysis
nalysis and post-processing
post
1. Run the job.
a. Go into the Job Module.

Module Click the Create Job icon.
b. Name the new job: Panel01.

Panel01 Click Continue...
c. In the Edit Job dialog box, open the tab: Parallelization.. Toggle On Use
multiple processors and set the number of processors at 4.. Accept the other
default selections and click OK. Then submit the job: Panel01.
d. Click Monitor... to monitor the job while it is running.

2. Analyse the results of the simulation.
a. When the job submission has been completed, in the Job Manager dialog
box, click Results or open Panel01.odb in the Visualization Module.
Module
b. Click the Create Display Group icon or click Tools → Display

Displa Group →
Create...
c. In the Create Display Group dialog box, select Part instances: SKIN-1.
Click the Replace icon then click Dismiss.
d. Click the Plot Contours on Deformed Shape icon
e. Click the Field Output Dialog icon or click Result → Field Output.
Output
f. In the Field Output dialog box, in the Primary Variable tab, select the
Output Variable: HSNFTCRT.
HSNFTCRT Click Apply then click Section Points..
g. In the Section Points dialog box, click Selection method: Plies and select
the ply Skin - ply 0 - 1.. Click Apply.
You can then visualise the fibre failure prediction in the 0° ply.

h. In the Field Output dialog box, select the Output Variable: DAMAGEFT to
visualise the fibre failure propagation. Click Apply. In the Section Points
dialog box, click Selection method: Plies and select the ply Skin - ply 0 - 1.
Click Apply.
i. In the Field Output dialog box, select the Output Variable: DAMAGEMT
DAMAGE to
visualise the matrix failure propagation. In the Section Points dialog box,
select the ply Skin - ply 90-1. Then select Skin - ply -45.. You can observe
the propagation of the matrix damage in the different plies.
plies
2
1
1
2

j. Click the Replace All icon .
k. Click the Common Options icon and select Visible Edges: Feature
edges. Click OK.
l. In the Field Output dialog box, select the Output Variable: DAMAGEFT.
DAMAGE In
the Section Points dialog box, select the ply SRO - ply 0. Click Apply.
Select various variables and section points to plot the numerical predictions
for the damage initiation and propagation in different plies.

m. Click Tools → XY Data → Create. In the Create XY Data dialog box, select
ODB field output.. Click Continue...
n. In the XY Data from ODB Field Output dialog box, in the Variables tab,
select Position: Unique Nodal.
Nodal In the variables list, expand RF: Reaction
force and toggle on Magnitude,
Magnitude then expand U: Spatial displacement and
toggle on Magnitude.. In the Elements/Nodes tab, select Method: Node
sets: ASSEMBLY_CONSTRAINT-2_REFERENCE_POINT.
ASSEMBLY_CONSTRAINT . Click Save. A
warning message is displayed. Click OK. Then click Dismiss.

o. Click Tools → XY Data → Create. In the Create XY Data dialog box, select
Operate on XY data.. Click Continue...
p. In the Operate on XY Data dialog box, in the Operators column, click

combine(X,X).. Double click U:Magnitude PI: ASSEMBLY...,, add “,”
“ then
double click RF:Magnitude
Magnitude PI: ASSEMBLY.... Click Plot Expression.
Expression
q. In the model tree, expand XYData and rename _temp_1: LoadDisp.

LoadDisp
r. Double-click
click the chart. In the Chart Options dialog box, toggle off Fill then
click Dismiss. Double-click
click the X axis. In the Axis Options dialog box, in the
Title tab, click the Font icon. Set the size at 24 and click OK.. In the Axes tab,
click the Font icon
on and set the size at 18.

s. Follow instruction r to modify the font sizes for the Y axis.
t. Click Options → XY Options → Curve... In the Curve Options dialog box,

increase the thickness of the curve then click Dismiss.


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Tutorial 11b:: Composites,

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

When you complete this tutorial, you

The stiffened panel is composed of:

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

2. Setting up the model

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

b. In the Edit Material dialog box, name the material T300/M18.

c. From the material editor’s menu bar, select Mechanical → Elasticity →

d. Select Mechanical → Damage for Fiber-Reinforced

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

g. Follow the instructions a to f to create the material T800/M18.

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

d. In the Plies tab, toggle on Make calculated sections symmetric.

e. Double-click the Material button and select the material: T300/M18.

g. In the column Rotation Angle,

h. Finally, set the number of Integration Points at 1.

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

d. Click the Assign Mesh Controls icon . Select Technique:

e. Click the Mesh Part icon and click Yes.

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b. Assign the element type:

c. Mesh the part and assign the stacking direction.

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a. Go into the Step Module.

b. Select the type of procedure: Static, General and click Continue...

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a. Click the Create Field Output icon

d. Specify the output at layered section points: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and click

h. Follow the instructions e to g to create a new field output request: F-Output-4

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

b. Specify the coordinates X, Y, Z: 0., 900., 3.

d. Select the constraint control points: RP-1,

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a. Go into the Load Module.

b. Select Step: Initial

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Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

1. Run the job.

a. Go into the Job Module.

b. Name the new job: Panel01.

d. Click Monitor... to monitor the job while it is running.

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b. Click the Create Display Group icon or click Tools → Display

d. Click the Plot Contours on Deformed Shape icon

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

Strategic Simulation & Analysis Ltd

p. In the Operate on XY Data dialog box, in the Operators column, click

q. In the model tree, expand XYData and rename _temp_1: LoadDisp.

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t. Click Options → XY Options → Curve... In the Curve Options dialog box,

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