JURNAL Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Vol. 01, No.

01, Januari 2013

Sintesis Keramik Kalsium Silikat Menggunakan

Kalsium Karbonat (CaCO3) dan Silikon Dioksida (SiO2)
dengan Teknik Reaksi Padatan pada Suhu Sintering 1200 °C

%XGLPDQGDQ'ZL$VPL

-XUXVDQ)LVLND)0,3$8QLYHUVLWDV/DPSXQJ
-O3URI6RHPDQWUL%URGMRQHJRUR1R%DQGDU/DPSXQJ
(PDLOEXGLPDQKDNLP#JPDLOFRPGDQDVPLG#XQLODDFLG

'LWHULPD6HSWHPEHUGLUHYLVL2NWREHU

Abstrak. 7HODK GLODNXNDQ SHPEXDWDQ GDQ NDUDNWHULVDVL NHUDPLN NDOVLXP VLOLNDW

PHQJJXQDNDQ EDKDQ NRPHUVLDO NDOVLXP NDUERQDW &D&2 GDQ VLOLNRQ GLRNVLGD 6L2
GHQJDQ WHNQLN UHDNVL SDGDWDQ 3UHSDUDVL NHUDPLN NDOVLXP VLOLNDW PHQJKDVLONDQ VDPSHO
EHUEHQWXN SHOOHW NHPXGLDQ GLVLQWHULQJ SDGD VXKX  ƒ& +DVLO NDUDNWHULVDVL )7,5
PHQXQMXNNDQ SHPEHQWXNDQ JXJXV IXQJVL & 2 6L26L 6L2 GDQ 0J2 SDGD ELODQJDQ
JHORPEDQJ  FP FP  FP  FP *XJXV & 2 GDUL NDUERQ
GLRNVLGDPXQFXOGDODPVSHNWUXP)7,5GDODPVDPSHONHUDPLNNDOVLXP.HPXQFXODQJXJXV
& 2NHPXQJNLQDQGLVHEDENDQROHKWHUMDGLQ\DLQWHUDNVLDQWDUDVDPSHONDOVLXPVLOLNDWGHQJDQ
NDUERQ RNVLGD VDDW SURVHV SUHSDUDVL VDPSHO EHUODQJVXQJ \DQJ EHUDNLEDW SDGD WHUEHQWXNQ\D
LNDWDQ \DQJ NRNRK DQWDUD VDPSHO GHQJDQ NDUERQ RNVLGD +DVLO NDUDNWHULVDVL PLNURVWUXNWXU
PHQJJXQDNDQ 6(0 PHQXQMXNNDQ PLQHUDO SHQ\XVXQ GDQ SRULSRUL VXGDK PHQ\DWX VHUWD
GLVWULEXVL PLQHUDO VXGDK KRPRJHQL 6HUWD PHPSHUOLKDWNDQ EXWLUDQ \DQJ PHQ\DWX VHKLQJJD
WHUOLKDWVHSHUWLEHUWXPSXNPHPEHQWXNJXPSDODQEHUDJORPHULVDVL+DVLONDUDNWHULVDVL;5'
NHUDPLN NDOVLXP VLOLNDW PHQJDQGXQJ PLQHUDO DNHUPDQLWH &D0J6L2 GLRSVLGH
&D0J6L2FULVWREDOLWH6L2


Kata Kunci: NDOVLXPNDUERQDWNDOVLXPVLOLNDWNHUDPLN)7,56(0;5'

PENDAHULUAN .DOVLXP VLOLNDW GLKDVLONDQ GDUL PLQHUDO

.DOVLXP VLOLNDW PHUXSDNDQ EDKDQ
NHUDPLN \DQJ VDQJDW PHQDULN WHWDSL PDVLK
VHGLNLW \DQJ PHPSHODMDULQ\D .DOVLXP
VLOLNDW WHUGLUL GDUL GXD VHQ\DZD \DLWX
DODP GDQ DWDX VHFDUD EXDWDQ 0LQHUDO LQL
EDQ\DN WHUVHGLD GL DODP WHWDSL ELDVDQ\D
PLQHUDO\DQJEHUDVDOGDULDODPWLGDNPXUQL
NDUHQD PDVLK WHUGDSDW FDPSXUDQ VHSHUWL
EHVL PDJQHVLXP PDQJDQ VRGLXP GDQ
NDOVLXP NDUERQDW &D&2 GDQ VLOLNRQ SRWDVVLXP 6HKLQJJD GLEXWXKNDQ SURVHV
GLRNVLGD 6L2 GHQJDQ UXPXV NLPLD \DQJ OHELK ODPD XQWXN PHQJKDVLONDQ
&D6L2 5HDNVL NLPLD SHPEHQWXNDQ NDOVLXPVLOLNDW\DQJEDLN0DWKHZV
NDOVLXPVLOLNDWLQLGDSDWGLOLKDWSDGDUHDNVL 0HWRGH SHPEXDWDQ NDOVLXP VLOLNDW \DQJ
GLEDZDKLQL%RURGLQD .R]LN EDQ\DN GLNHPEDQJNDQ VDDW LQL DGDODK
 PHWRGH SUHVLSLWDVL DWDX PHWRGH UHDNVL
6L2&D&2&D6L2&2 SDGDWDQ VROLG UHDFWLRQ GDQ PHWRGH NLPLD



&RUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU EDVDKVHSHUWLSURVHVKLGURWHUPDOGDQVROJHO
(PDLODVPLG#XQLODDFLG \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN PHQVLQWHVLV VHUDW
_

%XGLPDQGNN 6LQWHVLV.HUDPLN.DOVLXP6LOLNDW0HQJJXQDNDQ.DOVLXP.DUERQDW
&D&2GDQ6LOLNRQ'LRNVLGD6L2GHQJDQ7HNQLN5HDNVL3DGDWDQSDGD6XKX6LQWHULQJ
ƒ&
NDOVLXP VLOLNDW 6HGDQJNDQ PHWRGH UHDNVL
SDGDWDQDGDODKPHWRGHSHPEXDWDQNHUDPLN
\DQJ GLODNXNDQ SDGD NHDGDDQ SDGDW \DQJ
WHUMDGL SDGD VXKX GL DWDV VXKX NDPDU
ELDVDQ\DGLDWDVƒ&
.DOVLXP VLOLNDW PHPSXQ\DL EDQ\DN
NHJXQDDQNDUHQDPHPSXQ\DLEHEHUDSDVLIDW
\DQJ XQLN \DLWX NRQGXNWLIDV \DQJ UHQGDK
VXVXW PVVD NHFLO GDQ NHNHUDVDQ \DQJ
WLQJJL 6LIDW LQL VDQJDW SHQWLQJ XQWXN
GLJXQDNDQ GDODP EHUEDJDL ELGDQJ VHSHUWL
GDODP SURGXNVL NHUDPLN VXKX WLQJJL
PHQJJXQDNDQ PDJQHWLF VWLUUHU VHODPD 
MDP 3URVHV LQL GLODNXNDQ VHODPD  MDP
EHUWXMXDQ VXSD\D EDKDQ FDPSXUDQ \DQJ
GLKDVLONDQ OHELK KRPRJHQ 6DPSHO \DQJ
WHODK KRPRJHQ VHODQMXWQ\D GLSDQDVNDQ
PHQJJXNDQD RYHQ VHODPD  MDP SDGD
WHPSHUDWXU  ƒ& 6DPSHO NDOVLXP VLOLNDW
NHPXGLDQ GLJHUXV GDQ GLD\DN KLQJJD
EHUEHQWXN VHUEXN 6HUEXN NDOVLXP VLOLNDW
\DQJWHODKGLSHUROHKGLFHWDNPHQMDGLSHOOHW
GDQ GLVLQWHULQJ 6HWHODK GLVLQWHULQJ
GLODNXNDQ NDUDNWHULVDVL PHQJJXQDNDQ
SHQJHFRUDQ ODSLVDQ PHWDO GDQ LQGXVWUL )RXULHU 7UDQVIRUP ,QIUDUHG )7,5 ;5D\
PRELO%RURGLQD .R]LN6HODLQLWX 'LIUDFWLRQ ;5' GDQ 6FDQQLQJ (OHFWURQ
NDOVLXP VLOLNDW MXJD GLJXQDNDQ VHEDJDL 0LFURVFRS\6(0
EDKDQ ELRDNWLI XQWXN DSOLNDVL RUWRSHGL GDQ
GDSDW PHQLQJNDWNDQ VLIDW PHNDQLN
ELRSROLPHU NDUHQD SDGD IUHNXHQVL WLQJJL HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
EDKDQ LQL PHPSXQ\DL VLIDW GLHOHNWULN \DQJ
WLQJJL KARAKTERISASI FTIR
3DSHU LQL PHQMHODVNDQ VLQWHVLV GDQ
NDUDNWHULVDVL NHUDPLN NDOVLXP VLOLNDW +DVLO DQDOLVLV VSHNWUXP )7,5 NHUDPLN
PHQJJXQDNDQ NDOVLXP NDUERQDW &D&2 NDOVLXP VLOLNDW GHQJDQ SHUODNXDQ VLQWHULQJ
GDQ VLOLFRQ GLRNVLGD 6L2 GHQJDQ WHNQLN SDGD VXKX  ƒ& SDGD UHQWDQJ ELODQJDQ
UHDNVLSDGDWDQSDGDVXKXVLQWHULQJƒ& JHORPEDQJ  ±  FP GLWXQMXNNDQ
.DUDNWHULVDVL GLODNXNDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ SDGD Gambar 1 $QDOLVLV 6SHNWUXP )7,5
)RXULHU 7UDQVIRUP ,QIUDUHG )7,5 XQWXN PHQXQMXNDQ DGDQ\D EHEHUDSD SLWD VHUDSDQ
PHQJDQDOLVLV JXJXV IXQJVLRQDO 6FDQQLQJ SXQFDNSDGDELODQJDQJHORPEDQJ
(OHFWURQ 0LFURVFRS\ 6(0 XQWXN FPFPFPFP
PHQJDQDOLVLV PLNURVWUXNWXU GDQ ;5D\ 
 3XQFDN SDGD ELODQJDQ JHORPEDQJ
'LIUDFWLRQ ;5' XQWXN PHQJDQDOLVLV  FP PHUXSDNDQ YLEUDVL JXJXV
VWUXNWXUNULVWDONHUDPLNNDOVLXPVLOLNDW & 2 *HWDUDQ YLEUDVL &D2 GDQ 6L26L
 WHUEHQWXN SDGDELODQJDQ JHORPEDQJ

 GDQ  FP $GDQ\D SXQFDN ELODQJDQ
METODE PENELITIAN JHORPEDQJ  GDQ  FP
PHQJLQGLNDVLNDQ DGDQ\D VHQ\DZD &D&2
%DKDQ GDVDU \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ GDODP 3RGSRUVNDGNN6HGDQJNDQSXQFDN
SHQHOLWLDQ LQL DGDODK &D&2 GDQ 6L2 SDGD ELODQJDQ JHORPEDQJ  FP
NRPHUVLO 3HPEXDWDQ NHUDPLN NDOVLXP
VLOLNDW LQL GLDZDOL GHQJDQ PHQ\LDSNDQ
NRPSRVLVL EDKDQ \DQJ VHVXDL GHQJDQ
SHUKLWXQJDQ 6HWHODK LWX PHQLPEDQJ 
JUDP &D&2 GDQ  JUDP 6L2
6HODQMXWQ\D PHPDVXNDQ &D&2 GDQ 6L2
NH GDODP JHODV NLPLD  PO NHPXGLDQ
PHQDPEDKNDQ HWKDQRO  6HWHODK LWX
PHQVWLUHU EDKDQ \DQJ VXGDK GLFDPSXU
_
PHUXSDNDQYLEUDVL0J2/X\WGNN
*XJXV & 2 GDUL NDUERQ GLRNVLGD
PXQFXO GDODP VSHNWUXP )7,5 GHQJDQ
LQWHQVLWDV \DQJ UHODWLI VWDELO 7HUEHQWXNQ\D
JXJXV & 2 NHPXQJNLQDQ GLVHEDENDQ ROHK
WHUMDGLQ\D LQWHUDNVL DQWDUD VDPSHO NDOVLXP
VLOLNDW GHQJDQ NDUERQ RNVLGD VDDW SURVHV
SUHSDUDVL VDPSHO EHUODQJVXQJ \DQJ
EHUDNLEDW SDGD WHUEHQWXNQ\D LNDWDQ \DQJ
JURNAL Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Vol. 01, No. 01, Januari 2013

NRNRK DQWDUD VDPSHO GHQJDQ NDUERQ EDKZD PLQHUDOPLQHUDO SHQ\XVXQ GDQ SRUL
GLRNVLGD 6HUWD DGDQ\D JXJXV 0J2 \DQJ SRUL PDVLK GDSDW WHUOLKDW MHODV VXGDK
WHUEHQWXN PHQDQGDNDQ EDKZD VDPSHO \DQJ PHQ\DWXGDQWHUOLKDWEHEHUDSDEXWLUDQ\DQJ
GLJXQDNDQ WLGDN PXUQL NDUHQD PDVLK PHQXPSXN EHUDJORPHULVDVL +DO LQL
PHQJDQGXQJ SHQJRWRU 0J +DO LQL GLNDUHQDNDQ PLQHUDO SHQ\XVXQ VDPSHO
PHQJDFX SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ \DQJ GLODNXNDQ VXGDK PHQJDODPL SHOHEXUDQ SDGD VXKX
ROHK %XGLPDQ WDKXQ  GL PDQD EDKDQ  ƒ& VHKLQJJD GLVWULEXVL PLQHUDO VXGDK
GDVDU \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ PHQJDQGXQJ XQVXU PHUDWDKRPRJHQ
PDJQHVLXP \DQJ FXNXS EHVDU 'HQJDQ 3DGDGambar 2 MXJDWHUOLKDWSHUPXNDDQ
EDQ\DNQ\DNDQGXQJDQ0DJQHVLXPLQLDNDQ NHUDPLN VXGDK KDOXV GDQ XNXUDQ GDUL
PHPSHQJDUXKL EDLN DWDX WLGDNQ\D KDVLO SDUWLNHO SHQ\XVXQ VHPDNLQ PHPEHVDU
VLQWHVLVNHUDPLNNDOVLXPVLOLNDW VHKLQJJD URQJJDURQJJD \DQJ WHUEHQWXN
 VHPDNLQ NHFLO 3DGD VXKX LQL MXJD WLGDN
KARAKTERISASI SEM WHUOLKDW DGDQ\D UHWDNDQ /LQ &KDQJ =HQJ
  4LDQ  $QWDUD SHUEHVDUDQ ;
6(0 PHUXSDNDQ VXDWX DODW VFDQ GHQJDQ ; XNXUDQ SDUWLNHO
PLNURVWUXNWXU GDQ PRUIRORJL SHUPXNDDQ SHQ\XVXQQ\D OHELK EDJXV \DQJ GLSHUROHK
PDWHULDO GHQJDQ EDQWXDQ EDFNVFDWWHULQJ GHQJDQSHUEHVDUDQ;
HOHFWURQ %6( GDQ VHFRQGDU\ HOHFWURQ 8QWXN PHQJHWDKXL XQVXU \DQJ
6( +DVLO DQDOLVLV PLNURVWUXNWXU NDOVLXP
VLOLNDWGDSDWGLSHUOLKDWNDQSDGDGambar 2
$QDOLVLV PLNURVWUXNWXU NHUDPLN NDOVLXP
VLOLNDWGLODNXNDQGHQJDQSHUEHVDUDQ;
GDQ ; 3HUEHVDUDQ LQL EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN
PHOLKDW GHQJDQ OHELK MHODV SHQ\DWXDQ GDQ
NHVHUDJDPDQ EXWLUDQ EDWDV EXWLU JUDLQ
WHUNDQGXQJ GDODP NHUDPLN NDOVLXP VLOLNDW
PDND GLODNXNDQ XML ('6 $QDOLVLV ('6
GLWDPSLONDQGDODPEHQWXNVSHNWUXPPHODOXL
HQHUJL VLQDU; +DVLO DQDOLVLV ('6 VDPSHO
NDOVLXP VLOLNDW GDSDW GLWXQMXNDQ SDGD
Gambar 3 'DUL Gambar 3 GDSDW WHUOLKDW
EDKZDVDPSHONDOVLXPVLOLNDWPHPSXQ\DL
ERXQGDU\SRULVHUWDPLFURFUDFNLQJ XQVXUGDQVHQ\DZD8QVXUXQVXUWHUVHEXW
%HUGDVDUNDQDQDOLVLV6(0SDGDNHUDPLN \DLWXRNVLJHQ2PDJQHVLXP0JVLOLNRQ
NDOVLXP VLOLNDW Gambar 2  PHQXQMXNDQ 6LGDQNDOVLXP&D





Gambar 16SHNWUXP)7,5VDPSHONDOVLXPVLOLNDWGLVLQWHUULQJSDGDVXKXƒ&

_

%XGLPDQGNN 6LQWHVLV.HUDPLN.DOVLXP6LOLNDW0HQJJXQDNDQ.DOVLXP.DUERQDW
&D&2GDQ6LOLNRQ'LRNVLGD6L2GHQJDQ7HNQLN5HDNVL3DGDWDQSDGD6XKX6LQWHULQJ
ƒ&

D E

Gambar 2 +DVLO DQDOLVLV PLNURVWUXNWXU VDPSHO NHUDPLN NDOVLXP VLOLNDW \DQJ GLVLQWHULQJ SDGD  ƒ&
GHQJDQSHUEHVDUDQD;E;

6HQ\DZD \DQJ WHUNDQGXQJ \DLWX &D0J6L2 GLRSVLGH &D0J6L2

PDJQHVLXPRNVLGD0J2VLOLNRQGLRNVLGD FULVWREDOLWH6L2)DVD\DQJSDOLQJ
6L2 GDQ NDOVLXP RNVLGD &D2 'DUL PHQGRPLQDVL SDGD VXKX LQL DGDODK
JDPEDU VSHNWUXP \DQJ GLWXQMXNDQ GDSDW DNHUPDQLWH GHQJDQ SXQFDN WHUWLQJJL SDGD
GLMHODVNDQ EDKZD HQHUJL WHUEHVDU GLPLOLNL ș GHQJDQQLODLLQWHQVLWDV
XQVXU &D \DLWX VHEHVDU  NH9 6HGDQJNDQ LQWHQVLWDV \DQJ GLPLOLNL ROHK
VHGDQJNDQ \DQJ WHUNHFLO GLPLOLNL ROHK 0J IDVD\DQJWHUWLQJJLDGDODKDNHUPDQLWH \DLWX
\DLWX VHEHVDU  NH9 8QVXU 6L VHEHVDU  \DLWX SDGD SXQFDN ș 
PHPSXQ\DL LQWHQVLWDV WHUEHVDU ZDODXSXQ )DVD FULVWREDOLWH PHPSXQ\DL EHQWXN
KDQ\DPHPSXQ\DLHQHUJLNH9 PRUIRORJL \DQJ EHQWXNQ\D VHSHUWL MDUXP
 )DVD LQL ELDVDQ\D PHQ\HEDENDQ DGDQ\D
KARAKTERISASI XRD UHWDNDQ SDGD VDPSHO +DUSHU  )DVD
 GLRSVLGH PHUXSDNDQ IDVD NDOVLXP VLOLNDW
+DVLO DQDOLVLV VSHNWUXP VDPSHO WLGDN PXUQL NDUHQD PDVLK PHQJDQGXQJ
PHQJJXQDNDQ ;5' GLWDPSLONDQ SDGD
Gambar 4 Gambar 4 PHUXSDNDQ KDVLO
DQDOLVLV VSHNWUXP ;5' VDPSHO NHUDPLN
NDOVLXPVLOLNDWVLQWHULQJSDGDVXKXƒ&
)DVD \DQJ WHUEHQWXN \DLWX DNHUPDQLWH

PDJQHVLXP 0J %DQ\DNQ\D IDVD \DQJ
WHUEHQWXN SDGD VXKX LQL PHQJLQGLNDVLNDQ
EDKZDEDKDQEDKDQEHOXPEHULNDWDQVHFDUD
VHPSXUQD



Gambar 3$QDOLVLV('6NHUDPLNNDOVLXPVLOLNDWGHQJDQVXKXVLQWHULQJƒ&

_
JURNAL Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Vol. 01, No. 01, Januari 2013

110
a
100

90

80

70

Intensity
60

50
d
40
a c
30
a
20 d a
d a a
a a a
10

0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60
2T (degree)

Gambar 46SHNWUXPGLIUDNVLVLQDU;NHUDPLNNDOVLXPVLOLNDWGLVLQWHULQJƒ&GHQJDQDDNHUPDQLWHF
FULVWREDOLWHGDQGGLRSVLGH

KESIMPULAN DAFTAR PUSTAKA


6LVWHVLV NHUDPLN NDOVLXP VLOLNDW WHODK
EHUKDVLO GLODNXNDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ WHNQLN
UHDNVL SDGDWDQ +DVLO NDUDNWHULVDVL )7,5
PHQXQMXNNDQ DGDQ\D SHPEHQWXNDQ JXJXV
IXQJVL& 26L26L6L2GDQ0J2SDGD
%RURGLQD , $  .R]LN 9 9 
&RPSRVLWH0DWHULDOV%DVHGRQ:ROODVWRQLWH
IRU $XWRPRELOH &RQVWUXFWLRQ 5XVVLD
7RPVN6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\
ELODQJDQ JHORPEDQJ  FP +DUSHU & $  +DQGERRN RI
FPFPFP*XJXV& 2 &HUDPLFV JODVVHV DQG 'LDPRQV 86$
GDUL NDUERQ GLRNVLGD PXQFXO GDODP 0F*UDZ+LOO
VSHNWUXP )7,5 GDODP VDPSHO NHUDPLN /LQ . &KDQJ - =HQJ <  4LDQ :
NDOVLXP .HPXQFXODQ JXJXV & 2  3UHSDUDWLRQ RI 0DFURSRURXV
NHPXQJNLQDQ GLVHEDENDQ ROHK WHUMDGLQ\D &DOFLXP 6LOLFDWH &HUDPLFV 0DWHULDOV
LQWHUDNVL DQWDUD VDPSHO NDOVLXP VLOLNDW /HWWHUV
GHQJDQNDUERQRNVLGDVDDWSURVHVSUHSDUDVL
VDPSHO EHUODQJVXQJ \DQJ EHUDNLEDW SDGD /X\W $ 'UDPLFDQLQ 0 $QWLF = 
WHUEHQWXNQ\D LNDWDQ \DQJ NRNRK DQWDUD 'MRNRYLF 9  0RUSKRORJ\
VDPSHO GHQJDQ NDUERQ RNVLGD +DVLO 0HFKDQLFDO DQG 7KHUPDO 3URSHUWLHV RI
NDUDNWHULVDVL PLNURVWUXNWXU PHQJJXQDNDQ &RPSRVLWHV RI 3RO\SURS\OHQH DQG
6(0 PHQXQMXNNDQ PLQHUDO SHQ\XVXQ GDQ 1DQRVWUXFWXUHG :ROODVWRQLWH )LOOHU
SRULSRUL VXGDK PHQ\DWX VHUWD GLVWULEXVL 3RO\PHU7HVWLQJ
PLQHUDO VXGDK KRPRJHQL 6HUWD
PHPSHUOLKDWNDQ EXWLUDQ \DQJ PHQ\DWX 0DWKHZV-+1XPHULFDO0HWKRGV
VHKLQJJD WHUOLKDW VHSHUWL EHUWXPSXN IRU 0DWKHPDWLFV 6FLHQFHDQG(QJLQHHULQJ
PHPEHQWXN JXPSDODQ EHUDJORPHULVDVL 1HZ-HUVH\3UHQWLFH+DOO
+DVLO NDUDNWHULVDVL ;5' NHUDPLN NDOVLXP
3RGSRUVND - %OD]HZLF] 0 7U\EDOVND
VLOLNDW PHQJDQGXQJ PLQHUDO DNHUPDQLWH
%  =\FK /  $ 1RYHO &HUDPLF
&D0J6L2 GLRSVLGH &D0J6L2
0DWHULDO :LWK 0HGLFDO $SSOLFDWLRQ
FULVWREDOLWH6L2
3URFHVVLQJ DQG $SSOLFDWLRQ RI &HUDPLFV 



_