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Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya Vol.7 No.

2 (2018)

PROFIL PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK DAN PETA KUMAN PADA PASIEN


PNEUMONIA DI RUANG PULMONARY RSUD Dr. ISKAK TULUNGAGUNG


PROFILE OF ANTIBIOTIC USE AND GERMS MAP ON PNEUMONIA


PATIENTS IN THE PULMONARY ROOM Dr. ISKAK HOSPITAL,
TULUNGAGUNG
 

Tsamrotul Ilmi, Rika Yulia, Fauna Herawati


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Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya Vol.7 No.2 (2018)

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Calyptra: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Universitas Surabaya Vol.7 No.2 (2018)

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