You are on page 1of 7

,661 H ,661

$QDOLVLV 3HPDQIDDWDQ 0HWRGH 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG


7DUJHW 3DGD $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ 6KRODW 6KXEXK
5DQG\ *XVPDQ 0H\WL (ND $SUL\DQL
-XUXVDQ 7HNQLN ,QIRUPDWLND 3URJUDP 6WXGL 7HNQLN 0XOWLPHGLD GDQ -DULQJDQ 3ROLWHNQLN 1HJHUL %DWDP
-O $KPDG <DQL 3DUNZD\ %DWDP &HQWUH %DWDP ,QGRQHVLD
(PDLO NRUHVSRQGHQVL UDQG\JXVPDQ #JPDLO FRP PH\WL #JPDLO FRP

'LNLULP 0DUHW 'LSHUEDLNL $SULO 'LWHULPD $SULO

$EVWUDN $SOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ SDGD XPXPQ\D PHQJJXQDNDQ PDUNHU NKXVXV XQWXN PHQMDODQNDQ DSOLNDVL
PDUNHU EDVHG 3HQJJXQDDQ PDUNHU WHUVHEXW PHPEXDW DSOLNDVL PHQMDGL NHWHUJDQWXQJDQ NDUHQD DSOLNDVL KDQ\D
DNDQ GDSDW GLMDODQNDQ MLND PDUNHU WHUVHGLD 3HQHOLWLDQ LQL EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL SDGD
OLQJNXQJDQ DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ WDQSD PHQJJXQDNDQ PDUNHU NKXVXV SDGD SHUDQJNDW DQGURLG $SOLNDVL GLEXDW
PHQJJXQDNDQ PHWRGH PDUNHUOHVV XVHU GHILQHG WDUJHW GDQ PHODNXNDQ SHQJXMLDQ WHQWDQJ SHPDQIDDWDQ PHWRGH
WHUVHEXW PHQJJXQDNDQ SDUDPHWHU VHSHUWL NRQWUDV ZDUQD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU EHQWXN REMHN MDUDN FDKD\D GDQ VXGXW
NDPHUD SDGD VDDW WUDFNLQJ +DVLO GDUL SHQHOLWLDQ GLGDSDWNDQ EDKZD VHOXUXK EHQGD GDSDW GLJXQDNDQ SDGD PHWRGH
PDUNHUOHVV XVHU GHILQHG WDUJHW %HQGD WHUEDLN XQWXN PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL DGDODK SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU
NHUWDV GHQJDQ NRQWUDV EDJXV VXGXW WUDFNLQJ ƒ PHQJJXQDNDQ VXPEHU FDKD\D WHUDQJ \DQJ WLGDN WHJDN OXUXV
GHQJDQ PDUNHU GDQ MDUDN LGHDO FP VDPSDL FP

.DWD NXQFL $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHW $QGURLG

$EVWUDFW $XJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ DSSOLFDWLRQV JHQHUDOO\ XVH VSHFLDO PDUNHU IRU H[HFXWLQJ WKH DSSOLFDWLRQV PDUNHU
EDVHG 7KH XVH RI WKLV VSHFLDO PDUNHU PDNHV WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ EHFRPHV GHSHQGHQF\ EHFDXVH WKH DSSOLFDWLRQ ZLOO
RQO\ FDQ EH H[HFXWHG LI WKH PDUNHU LV DYDLODEOH 7KLV UHVHDUFK DLPV WR VKRZ GLPHQVLRQDO REMHFW LQ DXJPHQWHG
UHDOLW\ HQYLURQPHQW ZLWKRXW XVLQJ D VSHFLDO PDUNHU RQ DQGURLG GHYLFHV $SSOLFDWLRQV DUH PDGH XVLQJ PDUNHUOHVV
XVHU GHILQHG WDUJHW PHWKRG DQG FRQGXFW WHVWLQJ RQ WKH XVH RI WKH PHWKRG XVLQJ VRPH REMHFWV LQ GDLO\ OLIH ZLWK
VRPH SDUDPHWHUV VXFK DV FRQWUDVW RQ WKH IODW VXUIDFHV RI SDSHU VKDSHV GLVWDQFH OLJKWLQJ DQG FDPHUD DQJOH
WUDFNLQJ 5HVXOW RI WKH UHVHDUFK VKRZHG WKDW DOO REMHFWV FDQ EH XVHG RQ PDUNHUOHVV XVHU GHILQHG WDUJHW¶V PHWKRG
7KH EHVW REMHFW IRU GLVSOD\LQJ D WKUHH GLPHQVLRQDO REMHFW LV D IODW VXUIDFH RI SDSHU ZLWK JRRG FRQWUDVW FDPHUD
DQJOH WUDFNLQJ ƒ XVLQJ D EULJKW OLJKW VRXUFH ZKLFK LV QRW SUHSHQGLFXODU WR WKH PDUNHU DQG WKH LGHDO GLVWDQFH LV
FP WR FP

.H\ZRUGV $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHW $QGURLG

, 3(1'$+8/8$1 GHQJDQ SROD XQLN \DQJ GDSDW GLDPELO GHQJDQ NDPHUD


$XJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ DGDODK YDULDVL GDUL YLUWXDO VHUWD GDSDW GLNHQDOL ROHK DSOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\
UHDOLW\ 7HNQRORJL YLUWXDO UHDOLW\ VHSHQXKQ\D > @ $SOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ SDGD XPXPQ\D
PHPDVXNNDQ SHQJJXQD SDGD OLQJNXQJDQ YLUWXDO PHQJJXQDNDQ PDUNHU NKXVXV DWDX EXNX VHEDJDL PHGLD
VHKLQJJD SHQJJXQD WLGDN GDSDW PHOLKDW GXQLD Q\DWD GL GDUL VHNXPSXODQ PDUNHU PDUNHU EDVHG DXJPHQWHG
VHNHOLOLQJQ\D 6HEDOLNQ\D DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ \DQJ UHDOLW\ 0DUNHU NKXVXV WHUVHEXW PHQJDNLEDWNDQ
GDODP EDKDVD ,QGRQHVLD GLVHEXW UHDOLWDV WHUWDPEDK DSOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ PHQMDGL NHWHUJDQWXQJDQ
DGDODK WHNQRORJL \DQJ PHQJJDEXQJNDQ EHQGD PD\D NDUHQD DSOLNDVL KDQ\D GDSDW GLMDODQNDQ MLND PDUNHU
GXD GLPHQVL GDQ DWDXSXQ WLJD GLPHQVL NH GDODP WHUVHGLD 0DUNHUOHVV DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ DNDQ VDQJDW
VHEXDK OLQJNXQJDQ Q\DWD WLJD GLPHQVL ODOX SUDNWLV MLND GDSDW GLWHUDSNDQ SDGD DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\
PHPSUR\HNVLNDQ EHQGD EHQGD PD\D WHUVHEXW GDODP PHQJJXQDNDQ VPDUWSKRQH DQGURLG NDUHQD DSOLNDVL
ZDNWX Q\DWD $XJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ PHPXQJNLQNDQ GDSDW GLMDODQNDQ GLPDQDSXQ WDQSD SHUOX PHQFHWDN
SHQJJXQD XQWXN PHOLKDW EHQGD YLUWXDO \DQJ PHQ\DWX PDUNHU > @
GHQJDQ GXQLD Q\DWD > @ 6DODK VDWX SHQHUDSDQ GDUL PDUNHUOHVV DXJPHQWHG
$XJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ GDSDW GLNDWHJRULNDQ PHQMDGL UHDOLW\ DGDODK PHQJJXQDNDQ XVHU GHILQHG WDUJHW 8VHU
GXD EHUGDVDUNDQ DGD DWDX WLGDNQ\D SHQDQGD PDUNHU GHILQHG WDUJHW PHUXSDNDQ PDUNHU \DQJ WHUEHQWXN SDGD
\DLWX PDUNHU EDVHG DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ GDQ PDUNHUOHVV VDDW NDPHUD PHQ VFDQ VXDWX WDUJHW \DQJ GLSLOLK ROHK
DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ 0DUNHU PHUXSDNDQ VHEXDK JDPEDU XVHU 3HQJJXQDDQ XVHU GHILQHG WDUJHW PHPEXDW
DSOLNDVL GDSDW GLMDODQNDQ VHWLDS VDDW GDQ GLPDQD VDMD

-XUQDO ,QIRWHO 9RO 1R 0HL


,661 H ,661
$QDOLVLV 3HPDQIDDWDQ 0HWRGH 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHW 3DGD $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ 6KRODW 6KXEXK

NDUHQD WLGDN KDUXV PHQJJXQDNDQ VXDWX PDUNHU NKXVXV ' 3DUDPHWHU $QDOLVLV
SDGD VDDW PHQMDODQNDQQ\D > @ 3DUDPHWHU \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ SDGD SHQHOLWLDQ LQL
0HWRGH PDUNHUOHVV XVHU GHILQHG WDUJHW GLEDJL PHQMDGL GXD \DLWX SDUDPHWHU XWDPD GDQ
GLLPSOHPHQWDVLNDQ SDGD DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ VKRODW SDUDPHWHU SHQGXNXQJ 3DUDPHWHU XWDPD WHUGLUL GDUL
VKXEXK GDQ GLODNXNDQ SHQJXMLDQ WHUKDGDS NRQWUDV ZDUQD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU VHUWD EHQWXN GDQ SROD
SHPDQIDDWDQQ\D GHQJDQ KDUDSDQ VXSD\D GDSDW REMHN 3DUDPHWHU SHQGXNXQJ WHUGLUL GDUL NHPLULQJDQ
PHPSHUPXGDK XVHU GDODP PHQJJXQDNDQ DSOLNDVL VXGXW LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D GDQ MDUDN NDPHUD SDGD VDDW
VHNDOLJXV VHEDJDL PHGLD SHPEHODMDUDQ LEDGDK VKRODW WUDFNLQJ
VKXEXK EDJL XPDW PXVOLP NKXVXVQ\D
,, 0(72'( 3(1(/,7,$1
$ 6KRODW 6KXEXK 3HQHOLWLDQ LQL EHUWXMXDQ XQWXN PHPDQIDDWNDQ
6KRODW VKXEXK PHUXSDNDQ VKRODW ZDMLE EDJL XPDW PHWRGH PDUNHUOHVV XVHU GHILQHG WDUJHW SDGD DSOLNDVL
,VODP \DQJ GLNHUMDNDQ SDGD SDJL KDUL VDDW IDMDU WLED DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ 3HQHOLWLDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ
.DUHQDQ\D GDODP EDKDVD $UDE VKRODW VKXEXK OHELK PHQJJXQDNDQ EHUEDJDL EHQGD GLNHKLGXSDQ VHKDUL
VHULQJ GLVHEXW VKRODW IDMDU ,NULPDK PHULZD\DWNDQ > @ KDUL 6HKLQJJD GDUL KDVLO SHQHOLWLDQ DNDQ GLGDSDWNDQ
EDKZD VKRODW VKXEXK PHUXSDNDQ VKRODW \DQJ SDOLQJ REMHN DWDX EHQGD DSD VDMD \DQJ GDSDW GLJXQDNDQ XQWXN
EDQ\DN GLWLQJJDONDQ RUDQJ 6LPXODVL JHUDNDQ VKRODW PHQGXNXQJ DSOLNDVL
VKXEXK GLEXDW NHGDODP EHQWXN DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\
GHQJDQ KDUDSDQ DJDU GDSDW PHQMDGL PHGLD $SOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ VKRODW VKXEXK LQL
SHPEHODMDUDQ EDUX \DQJ GDSDW GLSHODMDUL NHPEDOL GDQ DGDODK VHEXDK DSOLNDVL EHUEDVLV PRELOH \DQJ
GDSDW GLDPDONDQ ROHK XPDW 0XVOLP GDODP NHKLGXSDQ WHULQWHJUDVL GHQJDQ VLVWHP RSHUDVL DQGURLG $SOLNDVL
VHKDUL KDUL LQL GLGHVDLQ NKXVXV XQWXN VDWX RUDQJ VDMD VLQJOH
XVHU 8VHU GDSDW PHQHQWXNDQ VHQGLUL REMHN DWDX
% $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ SHQDQGD \DQJ DNDQ GLMDGLNDQ PDUNHU SDGD VDDW
6HFDUD XPXP SULQVLS DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ PDVLK PHQMDODQNDQ DSOLNDVL 'HVNULSVL XPXP VLVWHP GDSDW
VDPD GHQJDQ YLUWXDO UHDOLW\ \DLWX EHUVLIDW LQWHUDNWLI GLOLKDW SDGD *DPEDU
LPPHUVLRQ PHPEHQDPNDQ PHPDVXNDQ UHDOWLPH
GDQ REMHN YLUWXDO ELDVDQ\D EHUEHQWXN WLJD GLPHQVL
9LUWXDO UHDOLW\ PHQJJDEXQJNDQ REMHN Q\DWD XVHU
NHGDODP OLQJNXQJDQ YLUWXDO VHGDQJNDQ DXJPHQWHG
UHDOLW\ PHQJJDEXQJNDQ REMHN YLUWXDO SDGD OLQJNXQJDQ
Q\DWD > @
7HNQRORJL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ WHODK GLNHPEDQJNDQ
GDODP EHUEDJDL KDO GDODP SHPDQIDDWDQ\D WHNQRORJL *DPEDU 'HVNULSVL 8PXP 6LVWHP
LQL GDSDW GLJXQDNDQ SDGD DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ 6HFDUD XPXP DOXU VLVWHP DSOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG
LQWHUDFWLYH JDPHV DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ SUHVHQWDWLRQ UHDOLW\ VKRODW VKXEXK DGDODK VHEDJDL EHULNXW XVHU
DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ HYHQW DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ KLJK WHFK PHQJ LQVWDOO DSOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ VKRODW VKXEXK
HQYLURQPHQW DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ ZHEVLWH DXJPHQWHG SDGD VPDUWSKRQH XVHU PHQJDUDKNDQ VPDUWSKRQH NH
UHDOLW\ SURPRWLRQ GDQ DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ IRU VXDWX REMHN REMHN WHUGHWHNVL ROHK VPDUWSKRQH GDQ
HGXFDWLRQ PHQMDGL PDUNHU VPDUWSKRQH PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN
& 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHW GLPHQVL EHVHUWD JHUDNDQ GDQ VXDUD GDUL REMHN \DQJ
VXGDK PHQMDGL PDUNHU
0DUNHUOHVV PHUXSDNDQ VHEXDK PHWRGH SHODFDNDQ
DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ PHQJJXQDNDQ REMHN GL GXQLD Q\DWD $ ,QGLNDWRU 9DULDEHO
VHEDJDL PDUNHU DWDX WDQSD PHQJJXQDNDQ PDUNHU ,QGLNDWRU YDULDEHO GDQ VNDOD SHQJXNXUDQ \DQJ
NKXVXV $XJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ GHQJDQ WHNQLN WDQSD GLJXQDNDQ SDGD SHQJXMLDQ GLEDJL PHQMDGL GXD \DLWX
SHQDQGD LQL PHQJJXQDNDQ WHNQLN SHODFDNDQ VHFDUD LQGLNDWRU NRQWUDV ZDUQD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU GDQ LQGLNDWRU
DODPL QDWXUDO IHDWXUH EXNDQ SHQJHQDODQ SHQDQGD EHQWXN REMHN ,QGLNDWRU GDQ VNDOD SHQJXNXUDQ NRQWUDV
ILGXFLDO PDUNHU 7HNQLN LQL PHQJJXQDNDQ SULQVLS ZDUQD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU GDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO
GHWHNVL WHSL GHWHNVL VXGXW GDQ WHNVWXU GDUL JDPEDU
7DEHO ,QGLNDWRU .RQWUDV :DUQD 3HUPXNDDQ 'DWDU
DWDX REMHN > @
,QGLNDWRU 6NDOD
8VHU GHILQHG WDUJHW PHUXSDNDQ VDODK VDWX 6XE ,QGLNDWRU 9DULDEHO
9DULDEHO 3HQJXNXUDQ
SHPDQIDDWDQ GDUL PDUNHUOHVV DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ 8VHU 3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP SXWLK
GHILQHG WDUJHW DGDODK LPDJH WDUJHW JDPEDU SHQDQGD NRQWUDV EDJXV
\DQJ WHUEXDW SDGD VDDW UXQWLPH GDUL IUDPH NDPHUD .RQWUDV :DUQD 3HUPXNDDQ EHUZDUQD
\DQJ GLSLOLK ROHK XVHU $WDX GHQJDQ NDWD ODLQ XVHU 3HUPXNDDQ NRQWUDV EDJXV :DUQD
2EMHN 3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP SXWLK
GHILQHG WDUJHW PHUXSDNDQ PDUNHU \DQJ WHUEHQWXN SDGD
NRQWUDV NXUDQJ EDJXV
VDDW NDPHUD PHPLQGDL VXDWX WDUJHW > @
3HUPXNDDQ EHUZDUQD

-XUQDO ,QIRWHO 9RO 1R 0HL


,661 H ,661
$QDOLVLV 3HPDQIDDWDQ 0HWRGH 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHW 3DGD $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ 6KRODW 6KXEXK

,QGLNDWRU 6NDOD GLXODQJ VHEDQ\DN WLJD NDOL GHQJDQ PDUNHU


6XE ,QGLNDWRU 9DULDEHO
9DULDEHO 3HQJXNXUDQ \DQJ VDPD
NRQWUDV NXUDQJ EDJXV $QDOLVLV GDWD KDVLO SHQJXMLDQ
&DKD\D /DPSX *HODS 0HUXPXVNDQ VLPSXODQ
&DKD\D &DKD\D 0DWDKDUL /X[
7HUDQJ ,,, +$6,/ '$1 3(0%$+$6$1
-DUDN NDPHUD FP 3HQJXMLDQ PHWRGH PDUNHUOHVV XVHU GHILQHG WDUJHW
-DUDN NDPHUD FP LQL GLIRNXVNDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ EHQGD GL NHKLGXSDQ
-DUDN NDPHUD FP VHKDUL KDUL \DQJ GDSDW GLMDGLNDQ PDUNHU 3HQJXMLDQ
-DUDN NDPHUD FP GLODNXNDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ VHEXDK VPDUWSKRQH DQGURLG
-DUDN NDPHUD FP GHQJDQ VSHVLILNDVL VHEDJDL EHULNXW
-DUDN &P
-DUDN NDPHUD FP
-DUDN NDPHUD FP 0HUN /HQRYR 3 $
-DUDN NDPHUD FP 26 $QGURLG /ROOLSRS
-DUDN NDPHUD FP 5$0 JE
-DUDN NDPHUD FP 0HPRU\ JE LQWHUQDO GDQ JE H[WHUQDO
6XGXW ƒ .DPHUD PHJDSL[HO
6XGXW 7UDFNLQJ 'HUDMDW
6XGXW ƒ 3HQJXMLDQ GLODNXNDQ GL GXD WHPSDW \DLWX GL GDODP
NDPDU GDQ GL WHUDV UXPDK ,OXVWUDVL SHQJXMLDQ GL
,QGLNDWRU GDQ VNDOD SHQJXNXUDQ EHQWXN GDQ SROD
REMHN GDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO GDODP NDPDU GDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD *DPEDU

7DEHO ,QGLNDWRU %HQWXN GDQ 3ROD 2EMHN


,QGLNDWRU 6NDOD
6XE ,QGLNDWRU 9DULDEHO
9DULDEHO 3HQJXNXUDQ
3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP SXWLK
NRQWUDV EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ EHUZDUQD
.RQWUDV :DUQD NRQWUDV EDJXV
:DUQD
3HUPXNDDQ 2EMHN 3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP SXWLK
NRQWUDV NXUDQJ EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ EHUZDUQD
NRQWUDV NXUDQJ EDJXV
&DKD\D /DPSX *HODS
*DPEDU ,OXVWUDVL 3HQJXMLDQ GL GDODP .DPDU 3ULEDGL
&DKD\D &DKD\D 0DWDKDUL /X[
7HUDQJ 3HQJXMLDQ GL NDPDU PHQJJXQDNDQ VXPEHU FDKD\D
-DUDN NDPHUD FP ODPSX UHGXS GLEDZDK VWDQGDUG 61, 61,
-DUDN NDPHUD FP > @
-DUDN NDPHUD FP
-DUDN NDPHUD FP &DKD\D ODPSX WHUVHEXW PHQJJXQDNDQ ODPSX
-DUDN NDPHUD FP
-DUDN -DUDN NDPHUD FP &P
IOXRUHVFHQW QHRQ KHPDW HQHUJL GHQJDQ NHNXDWDQ
-DUDN NDPHUD FP ZDWW 6XPEHU FDKD\D EHUDGD WHJDN OXUXV GHQJDQ REMHN
-DUDN NDPHUD FP \DQJ GLMDGLNDQ PDUNHU GDQ SRVLVL WUDFNLQJ PHQJKDGDS
-DUDN NDPHUD FP NH 8WDUD
-DUDN NDPHUD
FP ,OXVWUDVL SHQJXMLDQ GL WHUDV UXPDK GDSDW GLOLKDW
6XGXW 7UDFNLQJ
6XGXW ƒ
'HUDMDW
SDGD *DPEDU
6XGXW ƒ

% 7HNQLN 3HQHOLWLDQ
7DKDSDQ WHNQLN SHQJXMLDQ VHFDUD OHELK GHWDLO
DGDODK VHEDJDL EHULNXW
0HQHQWXNDQ NHEXWXKDQ SHQJXMLDQ
0HQJ LQVWDOO DSOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ SDGD
VPDUWSKRQH DQGURLG
0HODNXNDQ 3HQJXMLDQ GDQ SHQJDPELODQ GDWD
GLODNXNDQ VHVXDL GHQJDQ LQGLNDWRU YDULDEHO
\DQJ DGD GHQJDQ NHWHQWXDQ \DLWX
D 3HQJXMLDQ GLODNXNDQ GHQJDQ PHPDQIDDWNDQ *DPEDU ,OXVWUDVL 3HQJXMLDQ GL 7HUDV 5XPDK
EHUEDJDL EHQGD GLNHKLGXSDQ VHKDUL KDUL
E $SDELOD REMHN YLUWXDO GLPHQVL WLGDN 3HQJXMLDQ GL WHUDV UXPDK PHQJJXQDNDQ VXPEHU
PXQFXO VDDW PHQ VFDQ PDUNHU PDND DNDQ FDKD\D PDWDKDUL 3HQJXMLDQ GLODNXNDQ SDGD MDP
SDJL KLQJJD VLDQJ GHQJDQ VXPEHU FDKD\D \DQJ

-XUQDO ,QIRWHO 9RO 1R 0HL


,661 H ,661
$QDOLVLV 3HPDQIDDWDQ 0HWRGH 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHW 3DGD $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ 6KRODW 6KXEXK

WLGDN WHJDN OXUXV GHQJDQ REMHN \DQJ GLMDGLNDQ PDUNHU GLPHQVL SDGD MDUDN FP NDUHQD MDUDN \DQJ WHUODOX
GDQ SRVLVL WUDFNLQJ PHQJKDGDS NH DUDK PDWDKDUL GHNDW GDQ NRQWUDV \DQJ NXUDQJ EDJXV PHPEXDW
DSOLNDVL WLGDN GDSDW PHPEDFD SHUEHGDDQ NRQWUDV
,QWHQVLWDV FDKD\D SDGD PDVLQJ PDVLQJ WHPSDW
ZDUQD SDGD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU WHUVHEXW
SHQJXMLDQ GLXNXU PHQJJXQDNDQ OX[ PHWHU 6HODLQ OX[
PHWHU DODW ODLQQ\D \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ SDGD SHQJXMLDQ LQL 3HQJXMLDQ .RQWUDV :DUQD SDGD &DKD\D *HODS
DGDODK WULSRG SKRQH KROGHU PHWHUDQ GDQ DODW GDQ .HPLULQJDQ 6XGXW ƒ
SHQJXNXU MDUDN GDQ VXGXW EXDWDQ )XQJVL GDUL DODW DODW
3HQJXMLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ SDGD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU
WHUVHEXW GDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO
NHUWDV \DQJ PHPLOLNL NRQWUDV ZDUQD SDGD
7DEHO )XQJVL GDQ $ODW $ODW 3HQJXMLDQ LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D JHODS GHQJDQ NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW
1R 1DPD $ODW )XQJVL ƒ %HVDUQ\D LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D DGDODK OX[
8QWXN PHQJXNXU EHVDUQ\D
+DVLO SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO
/X[ PHWHU LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D GL WHPSDW %HUGDVDUNDQ 7DEHO GDSDW GLVLPSXONDQ
SHQJXMLDQ
VHOXUXK SHUPXNDDQ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ SDGD
8QWXN PHQVWDELONDQ MDUDN DQWDUD
SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW PHPXQFXONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL
VPDUWSKRQH GHQJDQ PDUNHU
7ULSRG 7LQJNDW NHPXQFXODQ REMHN SDGD MDUDN FP
PHQJDWXU GDQ PHQJXQFL
NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW VPDUWSKRQH PHQXUXQ GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ SHUFREDDQ
8QWXN PHQJXQFL VPDUWSKRQH SDGD 3HQXUXQDQ WLQJNDW NHPXQFXODQ REMHN SDGD MDUDN
3KRQH KROGHU
WULSRG FP WHUVHEXW GLNDUHQDNDQ SDGD VDDW WUDFNLQJ
8QWXN PHQJXNXU MDUDN VPDUWSKRQH VXGXW ƒ PHQJKDODQJL VXPEHU FDKD\D \DQJ WHJDN
0HWHUDQ
GHQJDQ PDUNHU OXUXV \DQJ WHUSDQFDU NH DUDK PDUNHU
$ODW SHQJXNXU
MDUDN GDQ VXGXW
8QWXN PHQJXNXU MDUDN GDQ VXGXW 3HQJXMLDQ .RQWUDV :DUQD SDGD &DKD\D 7HUDQJ
VPDUWSKRQH GHQJDQ PDUNHU GDQ .HPLULQJDQ 6XGXW ƒ
EXDWDQ

$ +DVLO 3HQJXMLDQ 3HQJXMLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ SDGD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU


NHUWDV \DQJ PHPLOLNL NRQWUDV ZDUQD SDGD
+DVLO GDUL VHOXUXK SHQJXMLDQ GLEDJL PHQMDGL LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D WHUDQJ GHQJDQ NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW
GHODSDQ EDJLDQ ƒ %HVDUQ\D LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D DGDODK OX[
3HQJXMLDQ .RQWUDV :DUQD SDGD &DKD\D *HODS +DVLO SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO
GDQ .HPLULQJDQ 6XGXW ƒ %HUGDVDUNDQ 7DEHO GDSDW GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD
3HQJXMLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ SDGD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU VHOXUXK SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ SDGD
NHUWDV \DQJ PHPLOLNL NRQWUDV ZDUQD SDGD SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL
LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D JHODS GHQJDQ NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW GHQJDQ MDUDN PLQLPDO FP 2EMHN GLPHQVL
ƒ %HVDUQ\D LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D DGDODK OX[ WLGDN GDSDW WDPSLO SDGD MDUDN FP GLNDUHQDNDQ
+DVLO SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO MDUDN \DQJ WHUODOX GHNDW GDQ FDKD\D \DQJ WHUODOX
WHUDQJ PHPEXDW SHUPXNDDQ PHQMDGL EOXU SDGD
%HUGDVDUNDQ 7DEHO GDSDW GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD DSOLNDVL VHKLQJJD DSOLNDVL WLGDN GDSDW PHPEDFD
VHOXUXK SHUPXNDDQ \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ SDGD SHUEHGDDQ NRQWUDV ZDUQD \DQJ DGD
SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW PHPXQFXONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL
3HUPXNDDQ GDWDU GHQJDQ NRQWUDV ZDUQD \DQJ
NXUDQJ EDJXV WLGDN GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN
7DEHO +DVLO 3HQJXMLDQ

.RQWUDV :DUQD -DUDN FP


3HUPXNDDQ
3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP
<D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
SXWLK NRQWUDV EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ
EHUZDUQD NRQWUDV <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP
SXWLK NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
NXUDQJ EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ
EHUZDUQD NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
NXUDQJ EDJXV

-XUQDO ,QIRWHO 9RO 1R 0HL


,661 H ,661
$QDOLVLV 3HPDQIDDWDQ 0HWRGH 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHW 3DGD $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ 6KRODW 6KXEXK

7DEHO +DVLO 3HQJXMLDQ

.RQWUDV :DUQD -DUDN FP


3HUPXNDDQ
3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP
7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
SXWLK NRQWUDV EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ
EHUZDUQD NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP
SXWLK NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
NXUDQJ EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ
EHUZDUQD NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
NXUDQJ EDJXV

7DEHO +DVLO 3HQJXMLDQ

.RQWUDV :DUQD -DUDN FP


3HUPXNDDQ
3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP
7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
SXWLK NRQWUDV EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ
EHUZDUQD NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP
SXWLK NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
NXUDQJ EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ
EHUZDUQD NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
NXUDQJ EDJXV

3HQJXMLDQ .RQWUDV :DUQD SDGD &DKD\D 7HUDQJ WDEXQJ %HQGD EHUEHQWXN SHUVHJL \DQJ PHPLOLNL
GDQ .HPLULQJDQ 6XGXW ƒ SROD GDSDW PHPXQFXONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL GHQJDQ
MDUDN WHUGHNDW FP NDUHQD EHQGD WHUVHEXW
3HQJXMLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ SDGD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU
PHPLOLNL EDQ\DN VXGXW GDQ SROD \DQJ GDSDW OHELK
NHUWDV \DQJ PHPLOLNL NRQWUDV ZDUQD SDGD
PXGDK GLNHQDOL SDGD DSOLNDVL
LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D WHUDQJ GHQJDQ NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW
ƒ %HVDUQ\D LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D DGDODK OX[ 3HQJXMLDQ %HQWXN 2EMHN SDGD &DKD\D *HODS
+DVLO SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO GDQ .HPLULQJDQ 6XGXW ƒ
+DVLO SHQJXMLDQ SDGD 7DEHO GDSDW 3HQJXMLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ SDGD EHQGD \DQJ
GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD VHOXUXK SHUPXNDDQ \DQJ PHPLOLNL VXGXW SDGD LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D JHODS
GLJXQDNDQ SDGD SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW PHPXQFXONDQ GHQJDQ NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW ƒ %HVDUQ\D LQWHQVLWDV
REMHN GLPHQVL 3HUPXNDDQ EHUZDUQD GHQJDQ FDKD\D DGDODK OX[ +DVLO SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW
NRQWUDV EDJXV WLGDN GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO
GLPHQVL SDGD MDUDN FP NDUHQD ZDUQD \DQJ WHUODOX
+DVLO SHQJXMLDQ SDGD 7DEHO GDSDW
EDQ\DN SDGD SHUPXNDDQ PHPEXDW SHUPXNDDQ
GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD DSOLNDVL VDQJDW VXOLW XQWXN
PHQMDGL VHPDNLQ EOXU SDGD DSOLNDVL
GDSDW PHPEDFD EHQGD \DQJ WLGDN PHPLOLNL SROD
3HQJXMLDQ %HQWXN 2EMHN SDGD &DKD\D *HODS %HQGD EHUEHQWXN WDEXQJ WDQSD SROD GDSDW
GDQ .HPLULQJDQ 6XGXW ƒ PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL SDGD MDUDN FP
NDUHQD DSOLNDVL GDSDW PHPEDFD VXGXW XMXQJ GDUL
3HQJXMLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ SDGD EHQWXN REMHN
EHQGD WHUVHEXW EXNDQ GDUL VXGXW SDGD EDGDQ
\DQJ PHPLOLNL VXGXW SDGD LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D JHODS
WDEXQJ 2EMHN EHUEHQWXN SHUVHJL GDSDW
GHQJDQ NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW ƒ %HVDUQ\D LQWHQVLWDV
PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GDUL MDUDN FP KLQJJD MDUDN
FDKD\D DGDODK OX[ +DVLO SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW
FP NDUHQD EHQGD WHUVHEXW PHPLOLNL EDQ\DN
GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO
VXGXW GDQ SROD \DQJ OHELK PXGDK GLNHQDOL DSOLNDVL
+DVLO SHQJXMLDQ SDGD 7DEHO GDSDW
3HQJXMLDQ %HQWXN 2EMHN SDGD &DKD\D 7HUDQJ
GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD EHQGD \DQJ WLGDN PHPLOLNL
GDQ .HPLULQJDQ 6XGXW ƒ
SROD VXOLW XQWXN PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL
NDUHQD DSOLNDVL WLGDN GDSDW PHQJHQDOL VXGXW GDUL 3HQJXMLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ SDGD EHQGD \DQJ
EHQGD WHUVHEXW NKXVXVQ\D EHQGD EHUEHQWXN PHPLOLNL VXGXW SDGD LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D WHUDQJ

-XUQDO ,QIRWHO 9RO 1R 0HL


,661 H ,661
$QDOLVLV 3HPDQIDDWDQ 0HWRGH 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHW 3DGD $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ 6KRODW 6KXEXK

GHQJDQ NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW ƒ %HVDUQ\D LQWHQVLWDV 3HQJXMLDQ LQL GLODNXNDQ SDGD EHQGD \DQJ
FDKD\D DGDODK OX[ +DVLO SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW PHPLOLNL VXGXW SDGD LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D WHUDQJ
GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO GHQJDQ NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW ƒ %HVDUQ\D LQWHQVLWDV
FDKD\D DGDODK OX[ +DVLO SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW
+DVLO SHQJXMLDQ SDGD 7DEHO GDSDW
GLOLKDW SDGD 7DEHO
GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD VHOXUXK EHQGD \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ
SDGD SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN +DVLO SHQJXMLDQ SDGD 7DEHO GDSDW
GLPHQVL 7LQJNDW NHPXQFXODQ REMHN GLPHQVL GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD VHOXUXK EHQGD \DQJ GLJXQDNDQ
SDGD LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D WHUDQJ OHELK EDLN GDUL SDGD SDGD SHQJXMLDQ GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN
LQWHQVLWDV FDKD\D NXUDQJ %HQGD EHUEHQWXN WDEXQJ GLPHQVL 7LQJNDW NHPXQFXODQ REMHN GLPHQVL
WDQSD SROD GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL SDGD VXGXW ƒ OHELK VHGLNLW GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ
SDGD MDUDN FP NDUHQD DSOLNDVL GDSDW PHPEDFD VXGXW ƒ WHUXWDPD SDGD EHQGD EHUEHQWXN WDEXQJ
VXGXW XMXQJ GDUL WDEXQJ WHUVHEXW EXNDQ GDUL VXGXW %HQGD EHUEHQWXN WDEXQJ WDQSD SROD GDSDW
SDGD EDGDQ WDEXQJ %HQGD EHUEHQWXN SHUVHJL \DQJ PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL SDGD MDUDN FP
PHPLOLNL EDQ\DN SROD GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN NDUHQD DSOLNDVL GDSDW PHPEDFD VXGXW XMXQJ GDUL
GLPHQVL SDGD MDUDN FP KLQJJD MDUDN FP WDEXQJ WHUVHEXW EXNDQ GDUL VXGXW SDGD EDGDQ
WDEXQJ %HQGD \DQJ PHPLOLNL EDQ\DN SROD VHSHUWL
3HQJXMLDQ %HQWXN 2EMHN SDGD &DKD\D 7HUDQJ
SHUVHJL GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL SDGD
GDQ .HPLULQJDQ 6XGXW ƒ
MDUDN FP KLQJJD FP
7DEHO +DVLO 3HQJXMLDQ

.RQWUDV :DUQD -DUDN FP


3HUPXNDDQ
3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP
<D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
SXWLK NRQWUDV EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ
EHUZDUQD NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ KLWDP
SXWLK NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
NXUDQJ EDJXV
3HUPXNDDQ
EHUZDUQD NRQWUDV 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
NXUDQJ EDJXV

7DEHO +DVLO 3HQJXMLDQ


-DUDN FP
%HQWXN 2EMHN

2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN
WDEXQJ WDQSD SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
WDEXQJ GHQJDQ SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D
EDORN WDQSD SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
<D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
SHUVHJL GHQJDQ SROD

7DEHO +DVLO 3HQJXMLDQ


-DUDN FP
%HQWXN 2EMHN

2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN <D
WDEXQJ WDQSD SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
WDEXQJ GHQJDQ SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN
EDORN WDQSD SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
<D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
SHUVHJL GHQJDQ SROD

-XUQDO ,QIRWHO 9RO 1R 0HL


,661 H ,661
$QDOLVLV 3HPDQIDDWDQ 0HWRGH 0DUNHUOHVV 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHW 3DGD $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ 6KRODW 6KXEXK

7DEHO +DVLO 3HQJXMLDQ


-DUDN FP
%HQWXN 2EMHN

2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D
WDEXQJ WDQSD SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
WDEXQJ GHQJDQ SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
EDORN WDQSD SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
<D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
SHUVHJL GHQJDQ SROD

7DEHO +DVLO 3HQJXMLDQ


-DUDN FP
%HQWXN 2EMHN

2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D
WDEXQJ WDQSD SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
WDEXQJ GHQJDQ SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN 7LGDN <D <D <D <D <D <D
EDORN WDQSD SROD
2EMHN EHUEHQWXN
<D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D <D
SHUVHJL GHQJDQ SROD

%HUGDVDUNDQ NHVHOXUXKDQ SHQJXMLDQ \DQJ WHODK GLSHUKDWLNDQ XQWXN SHQJHPEDQJDQ SHQHOLWLDQ LQL GL
GLODNXNDQ GDSDW GLVLPSXONDQ EDKZD WLQJNDW PDVD \DQJ DNDQ GDWDQJ %HEHUDSD NULWLN GDQ VDUDQ
NHPXQFXODQ REMHN GLPHQVL SDGD NRQWUDV WHUVHEXW GLDQWDUDQ\D
SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU OHELK EDLN GLEDQGLQJNDQ GHQJDQ
3HQHOLWLDQ NRQWUDV ZDUQD SDGD SHUPXNDDQ
EHQWXN REMHN 3HUPXNDDQ GDWDU GHQJDQ NRQWUDV
GDWDU GHQJDQ SHUPXNDDQ EDKDQ ODLQ VHSHUWL
EDJXV GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL SDGD
SHUPXNDDQ NDLQ SHUPXNDDQ NHUDPLN GDQ
MDUDN WHUGHNDW FP GHQJDQ PHQJJXQDNDQ FDKD\D
SHUPXNDDQ NDFD
JHODS GDQ NHPLULQJDQ VXGXW ƒ VHGDQJNDQ MDUDN
3HQHOLWLDQ OHELK IRNXV WHQWDQJ EHVDUQ\D VXGXW
WHUGHNDW XQWXN PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN GLPHQVL SDGD
PLQLPXP VXDWX EHQGD \DQJ GDSDW GLNHQDOL ROHK
SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU GHQJDQ NRQWUDV NXUDQJ EDJXV
DSOLNDVL XQWXN GDSDW PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN
DGDODK FP
GLPHQVL
,9 3(18783 'LKDUDSNDQ NHGHSDQQ\D EDQ\DN SHQJHPEDQJ
\DQJ PHQJJXQDNDQ PHWRGH PDUNHUOHVV XVHU
$ .HVLPSXODQ GHILQHG WDUJHW SDGD DSOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\
.HVLPSXODQ \DQJ GDSDW GLDPELO GDUL SHQJXMLDQ \DQJ GLFLSWDNDQ
WHQWDQJ SHPDQIDDWDQ PHWRGH PDUNHUOHVV XVHU GHILQHG
WDUJHW SDGD DSOLNDVL DXJPHQWHG UHDOLW\ LQL DGDODK '$)7$5 3867$.$
VHEDJDL EHULNX > @ .LSSHU *UHJRU\ GDQ 5DPSROOD -RVHSK
$XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ $Q (PHUJLQJ 7HFKQRORJLHV *XLGH
.RQGLVL WHUEDLN XQWXN PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN WR $5 (OVHYLHU ,QF $PVWHUGDP
GLPHQVL SDGD SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU NHUWDV DGDODK > @ 3HUPDWD 6DUL ,UPD GNN (YDOXDVL .HPDPSXDQ
PHQJJXQDNDQ SHUPXNDDQ GHQJDQ NRQWUDV 6LVWHP 3HQGHWHNVLDQ 2EMHN $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\ VHFDUD
&ORXG 5HFRJQLWLRQ -XUXVDQ 7HNQLN (OHNWUR GDQ 7HNQLN
EDJXV VXGXW WUDFNLQJ ƒ MDUDN FP GDQ ,QIRUPDVL 8QLYHUVLWDV *DGMDK 0DGD <RJ\DNDUWD
PHQJJXQDNDQ VXPEHU FDKD\D WHUDQJ \DQJ > @ 5L]NL <R]H 0DUNHUOHVV $XJPHQWHG 5HDOLW\
WLGDN WHJDN OXUXV GHQJDQ SHUPXNDDQ GDWDU SDGD 3HUDQJNDW $QGURLG -XUXVDQ 7HNQLN (OHNWUR
WHUVHEXW )DNXOWDV 7HNQRORJL ,QGXVWUL ,76 6XUDED\D
.RQGLVL WHUEDLN XQWXN PHQDPSLONDQ REMHN > @ 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHWV
GLPHQVL SDGD EHQWXN EHQGD DGDODK REMHN \DQJ KWWSV GHYHORSHU YXIRULD FRP OLEUDU\ DUWLFOHV 7UDLQLQJ
PHPLOLNL SROD PHQJJXQDNDQ VXGXW WUDFNLQJ 8VHU 'HILQHG 7DUJHWV *XLGH
ƒ MDUDN FP GHQJDQ VXPEHU FDKD\D WHUDQJ > @ $O 4DUQ\ 6DPLU ELQ 5L]LT 0XKDPPDG
6XOLWNDK 6KDODW 6XEXK 7HSDW :DNWX" GLWHUMHPDKNDQ
\DQJ WLGDN WHJDN OXUXV GHQJDQ REMHN WHUVHEXW ROHK ,PWLKDQ $V\ 6\DIL L 0HGLD =LNLU 6ROR
% 6DUDQ > @ %DGDQ 6WDQGDUGLVDVL 1DVLRQDO .RQVHUYDVL
(QHUJL SDGD 6LVWHP 3HQFDKD\DDQ 61,
%HUGDVDUNDQ SHQJXMLDQ GDQ NHVLPSXODQ \DQJ WHODK
GLGDSDW PXQFXO EHEHUDSD NULWLN GDQ VDUDQ \DQJ GDSDW

-XUQDO ,QIRWHO 9RO 1R 0HL

You might also like