Sub
Data Analysis Phase
Component Description
Component
Needs for the recovery of functions
constitute the needs with the purpose of
resuming the government and social
functions or processes. The function of
government for example is to restore the
disrupted function of village government
due to the disaster or to restore the
function of Public Health Center in serving
the health needs of the people.
Recovery of Restoration of social processes include
functions recovering the organization of
neighborhood units (RT/RW), Integrated
Service Post groups, farmer group, and
other community based organizations.
Needs
Need for risk reduction includes
preventing and weakening the threat,
needs for reducing vulnerability toward
disaster and needs for increasing the
Risk reduction capacity of the community and the
government in facing potential disaster in
the future. These needs comprise early
recovery needs and long-term recovery
needs as response to the increased risk
due to disaster.
Steps of Post Disaster Needs Assessment/PDNA (JITU PB)
The steps in conducting Post Disaster Needs Assessment can be summarized in
the following table:
A. Activation Phase
1. Activation of PDNA
- The National Agency for Disaster Management (BNPB) activates the
Post Disaster Needs Assessment on disasters of which the management
is conducted with the support of the government at least two weeks
prior to the end of emergency response period.
- The Regional Agency for Disaster Management (BPBD) activates the
PDNA on disaster which are managed by the provincial goverment or
district/city government at least one week prior to the end of
emergency response period.
2. Formulation of Terms of Reference
- As guideline in carrying out Post Disaster Needs Assessment starting
from the process of planning and preparation, data gathering, until the
writing of report, the Terms of Reference for Post Disaster Needs
Assessment /PDNA (JITU PB) should at least contain the background,
activity goal, activity outputs, method, equipment required, fieldwork
plan, working team, budget, reporting, and attachments.
B. Preparation Phase
1. Formation of PDNA Working Team
- The structure of PDNA working team consists of the steering team, executive
team supported by data gathering team.
- PDNA working team is formed by the following procedure:
1. BNPB or BPBD sends official request letter for the involvement of relevant
parties, either related Ministries/Institutions or Regional Apparatus
Working Unit, non-government organizations, academic institutions and
international institutions.
2. BNPB or BPBD issues the decision letter on the team formation. The decision
Letter of team formation mentions the team structure as well as the
involved personnel.
3. BNPB or BPBD conducts team coordination through coordination
meeting.
2. Preparation for data gathering method
- Preparing the method for data gathering : Post Disaster Needs Assessment
consists of preparation to conduct inventorization, data collection toward the
Regional Apparatus Working Unit, survey and interviews of key
informants/focus group discussion.
3. Preparation for Data Gathering Team
- Training of data gathering personnel is done to prepare the sending of data
gathering team.
- Data gathering personnel are also grouped in small teams according to the
targeted districts/villages which constitute the locations of assessment.
Furthermore, a coordinator is appointed for each small team at the village level
as well as a coordinator at the sub-district level.
C. Data gathering Phase
1. Gathering of Secondary Data
- Data gathering teams collect secondary data in the form of basic data prior to
the event of disaster and secondary data of disaster consequences.
- Basic data prior to the event of disaster are in the form of data indicating the
number and condition of assets, property and social condition as well as
relevant factors prior to the event of disaster. Secondary data of disaster
consequences originate from the result of quick review during the emergency
response period, data on the history of disasters which had taken place, the
intensity and scale of the disaster, number of victims and losses incurred.
- The gathering of basic data and secondary data of disaster is done mainly from
the relevant Regional Apparatus Working Unit, by using the questionnaire
form.
2. Gathering of Primary Data (Field Data)
- Gathering of field data in relation to the damage and loss is done by using the
damage and loss inventory form.
- Gathering of field data in relation to the interference toward access, functions
breakdown and increased risk is done by using the questionnaires for
household survey, and questionnaires for key informants/focus group
discussion.
3. Verification and Validation of Data
- Comparing data after the disaster with the data before the disaster.
- Comparing data with the mass media reports or reports from credible non-
government organizations.
- Confirming with the credible strategic key sources.
- Checking the maps and aerial photos of areas affected by the disaster and its
intensity.
D.
1. Assessment on the Consequences of Disaster
- Analysis on the damage and loss assessment is done by using the Damage and
Loss Assessment form.
- Analysis on damage is obtained by multiplying the number of damaged
physical units with the unit cost obtained during the gathering of primary data.
Analysis on loss is done by identifying the components of loss at each sector,
then the loss value is estimated based on the assumptions, such as
assumption on the recovery period.
- Analysis on the access interruption, functions breakdown and increased risk
due to disaster is done by processing the questionnaire data of household
survey first. Then, analysis on consequences is done based on the result of
survey data processing, result of interviews of key informants/focus group
discussion and result of data validation to the Regional Apparatus Working
Unit. Analysis is conducted on the data analysis form.
2. Assessment on the Impacts of Disaster
- The assessment on the impacts of disaster is done based on the assessment on
the consequences of disaster through focus group discussion by involving the
experts or the practitioners using questionnaire manual to observe the
impacts on the economy and fiscal, social, cultural and politics, human
development and environment.
3. Projection of Recovery Needs
- Identifying the components of recovery activity needs based on the result of
assessment on the consequences and impacts of disaster, which comprise
repair or reconstruction of assets and property that were damaged due to
disaster, effort in reducing losses due to disaster, provision of aid or support of
access to basic necessities (Provision), supporting needs to resume the
operations of social and government processes and functions (Resumption),
actions which strengthen the capacity and reduce the vulnerability toward
future disasters (Reduction).
- Identifying the required amount or cost requirement based on the result of
assessment on the consequences and impacts of disaster. Estimation of cost
requirement is done by the formula: Needs = number of units x unit cost x cost
index. Unit cost and cost index refer to the standard of budget making as
attached in the guideline. If the identified recovery activity is not included in
that standard, then the calculation of required amount can be done manually
without referring to that standard. Recording of components of needs and
required amount is done on the Post Disaster Needs Estimates as set forth in
the attachments of the guideline.
- Identifying the needs based on the recovery period, namely the needs for early
recovery and the needs for longer term recovery.
E. Reporting Phase
PDNA report is compiled and published to the parties related to disaster management,
including to be used for the formulation of Action Plan, with the structure of the report
as follows: Project Management Unit
“Disaster Risk Reduction-based Rehabilitation and
Chapter 1. Description of Disaster
Chapter 2. Consequences and Impacts of Disaster Reconstruction” (DR4)
Chapter 3. Needs for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
Chapter 4. Cost Estimation Address
Chapter 5. Closing BNPB Office
th
ITC Building, 5 Floor, Jl. Abdul Moeis No. 8 Jakarta.
 he Post Disaster Needs Assessment (abbreviated in Indonesian as JITU PB) constitutes a
series of activities which comprises three component : (1) Assessment of the
consequences of disaster; (2) Assessment of the impacts of disaster; and (3) Assessment of Sub Sub Sub
Component Description Component Description Component Description
recovery needs. The result of this PDNA shall become the basis for the formulation of an Component Component Component
Action Plan for Rehabilitation and Reconstruction.
The relationship between the PDNA's components is shown below: The increased cost of opportunity or loss of Economic impact is the decreased economic The impacts of human development are the
opportunity to gain economic benefit due to capacity of the community at district/city level impacts of disaster on the quality of human lives
Loss d a m a ge d a s s et s b e l o n g i n g to t h e after the event of disaster with implications on in the middle term and long term, which are
governments, communities, families and the regional gross domestic product. measured through the Human Development
Diagram. Flow Chart of JITU PB corporations as indirect consequences of a The economic capacity of the people consists Human Index, Gender Inequality Index and
disaster. For example, decreased potential of inflation level, public consumption level, Development Multidimensional Poverty Index.
income, increased expenses during a period income disparity level, poverty rate and so on. The quality of human development as mentioned
until the assets are restored Decrease in investment, import as well as above can be predicted from the indicators of the
export can also be identified as impacts of number of children attending schools, number of
Consequences
disaster toward the economy. women and men who are employed, number of
Economy
ASSESSMENT ON Access loss or interruption for the Fiscal impact is the decrease in the financial families with access to basic services such as
ASSESSMENT ON and Fiscal
DISASTER individuals, families and communities capacity of the central government and education, health, demography and others.
IMPACTS OF DISASTER
CONSEQUENCES toward the fulfillment of their basic regional government as impact of disaster in
DISASTER necessities due to a disaster. For instance, the short up to middle term. The financial Impact
1. Damage 1. Economic & Fiscal Disruption to
2. Social, cultural & politics damaged or destroyed houses due to capacity of the government includes the
2. Loss
3. Human Development Access disaster cause the people to lose access to income capacity orginating from taxes, The impact of environment is the decline in the
3. Disruption to access to
basic needs 4. Environment shelter as their basic needs. The damage of retributions and separate income of profit quality of the environment which affects the
4. Disruption to functions hospitals or health service facilities makes sharing of state assets. Decrease in this human lives and needs restoration in middle term
5. Increased Risk the people lose their access to health capacity carries the implication on the and long term. This decline is such as the decline
services as basic needs. Damage of decrease in the government budget capacity Environment in the availability of clean water, destruction of
agricultural production facilities causes the to perform its functions of allocation, forests and river flow areas as well as extinction
farmer families to lose access to their rights distribution and stabilization. of rare species after the disaster.
to occupation.

ASSESSMENT ON
Cultural impact is the change of value system,
RECOVERY NEEDS
The loss or interferrence of social and ethics and norms in the society after the Needs for development is aimed at restoring the
FORMULATION OF government functions as result of a disaster. disaster. The examples of impact on the culture
ACTION PLAN FOR assets belonging to the governments,
1. Construction For example, the damage of a government are the decreased number of cultural
REHABILITATION AND communities, families and coporations after the
2. Compensation building causes the suspension of general activities, the change of value standard in the
Construction event of disaster. This reconstruction must
RECONSTRUCTION 3. Providing aid Disruption administrative functions, provision of society and so on.
4. Recovery of function prioritize the principle of reconstructing better
to functions security, legal order and basic services. Such Cultural impact carries implication to the
5. Risk reduction disaster-resistant buildings in such way that
are the cases when the basic social services change of social structure in the middle term disaster risk reduction becomes mandatory
are interrupted, like the process of and long term. This change includes change of consideration in assessing post disaster needs.
deliberation, public decision making, Impact Social, Cultural behaviors in society after disaster. The
process of public protection as well as and Politics increased social issues after disaster can
sociocultural processes. become the benchmark of social impacts due
to disaster. For instance, increased social Needs for compensastion is aimed at
conflict, increased gender-based violence, compensating the economic losses suffered by
Components of Post Disaster Needs Assessment increased number of child workers and the governments, communities, families and
Detailed explanation for each of the activity component can be seen in the following table: increased number of divorces. Compensation corporations as consequences of the disaster.
Increased vulnerability and or decreased Political impact is the change of power
capacity of the individuals, families and Compensation must be oriented at the recovery
structure and political behavior in middle term of economic capacity in long term so it must be
communities as consequences of a disaster. and long term after the incident of disaster.
For example, disaster causes deterioration effective, efficient and sustainable.
Sub Examples of political impacts are disasters with
Component Description to asset condition, health condition,
Component Increased Risk implication to the increase in political-based
education condition and psychological conflicts due to the fight for resources after the Needs
condition of a family, thus decreasing the disasters, or the decline in public trust toward
The change of form in the physical assets Needs for providing aid which is aimed at assisting
capacity of the family or increasing the the democratically elected leaders due to
and infrastructures belonging to the in recovering the access of individuals, families
vulnerability of the family in the case of mismanagement in disaster handling.
governments, communities, families and Providing and communities to their basic rights such as
future disaster.
corporations such that their functions access education, health, food, social security, housing,
Consequences Damage are partially or totally disturbed as direct assistance culture, occupation, demography and so forth.
consequences of a disaster. For example, The provision of these must be conducted for the
damaged houses, schools, health purpose of restoring the existing basic service
centers, factories, business premises, system.
religious worship places and so forth in
the category of light, mild, and heavy
damage level.