CHAPTER 9 4.

RISK TREATMENT
- identifies the cause of the risks,
9.1 CONCEPT OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
treatment strategies and implements
(DRR) AND DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
treatment plans
MANAGEMENT (DRRM
5. MONITORING AND EVALUATION
- oversees the implementation
progress of the disaster risk
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION (DRR) management process
- systematic efforts to minimize - conducts periodic investigation and
vulnerabilities and disaster risks, to avoid analysis of impact and achievement
(prevention) or to limit (mitigation and
preparedness) the effects of hazards
RISK IDENTIFICATION
MITIGATION MEASURES

- designed to minimize disaster-related

RISK ANALYSIS
losses (life, property or assets, and
environment)

PREPAREDNESS MEASURES RISK PRIORITIZATION

- early warning
- DRR treatment activities RISK TREATMENT
- also done before a disaster-causing
event

EXAMPLES OF DRR ACTIVITIES MONITORING AND

EVALUATION
1. building code revision and
implementation
EXAMPLES OF MITIGATION MEASURES
2. hazard and vulnerability analysis
3. zoning and land use management 1. strengthening of buildings to avoid
4. public awareness and education collapse
5. early warning systems (forecasting and 2. proper timing of crop cycles
dissemination of warnings) 3. restriction of activities in volcanic
danger zones
COMPONENTS OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
4. determining which facilities require fire-
DRR – process which is done before a safe roofing materials
disaster strikes. 5. flood-control projects
6. crafting and implementation of land
1. RISK IDENTIFICATION
- identifies the hazards & potential EXAMPLES OF PREPAREDNESS MEASURES
threats based on experience and
1. planning for evacuation routes and
records
camps and logistics for providing relief
2. RISK ANALYSIS
supplies
- aims to establish the magnitude and
2. stock piling of equipment and supplies
likelihood of occurrence of the
3. promotion of public awareness
event
3. RISK PRIORITIZATION
- analyzes and identifies priority
subjects requiring treatment
EARLY WARNING
- part of preparedness measures
- must be timely, specific and should
explain the hazard process
- understandable for common people
- includes statements on evacuation
routes and safe destinations
- issued by credible and authoritative
spokespersons only
- tri-media and privately-owned forms of
communications and devices are
helpful
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- entire array of activities aimed at
reducing the severity of impact of the
disaster-causing event which are
undertaken before, during and after a
disaster
PRE-EVENT: Risk Assessment
Mitigation or Prevention
Preparedness
SYN-EVENT: Emergency Response
(rescue, evacuation, relief)
POST-EVENT: Recovery
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
9.2 COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT (CBDRRM) FOR
PREPAREDNESS: EMERGENCY PLAN,
MONITORING AND EVALUATION, EARLY
WARNING SYSTEMS, AND SURVIVAL KITS AND
MATERIALS
COMMUNITY-BASED DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT (CBDRRM)
- empowers the people by recognizing
and emphasizing the value of
communities and local organizations
NATIONAL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
- limited by budget and
organizational capability
- cannot also be in disaster right
away
so CBDRRM is important
- taps local knowledge and expertise
readily
- cost-effectiveness and sustainability of
activities
WHO ARE THE PARTICIPANTS IN CBDRRM?
- engages community not only in DRR but
also in all phases of the disaster
management cycle
- tasks of decision-making and activity
implementation rest primarily on local
people and organizations with the
national government as supportive
partner
MEMBERS OF CBDRRM
 NGAs
NGOs
private entities
UN agencies
SUPPORT
technical
material
financial
Community-
Based DRRM
RESPONSIBILITIES OF NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
- formulation of policies
- frameworks for timely and effective
warning
BUT COMMUNITIES CAN CERTAINLY
PARTICIPATE
EX. 1. Monitoring lahars and subtle
changes in volcanic activity
2. Observing the onset and
gradual development of landslides
3. Reporting unusual hazard-
related phenomena
CBDRRM IN SCHOOLS
Educational institutions are indispensable
actors in community-based DRRM
STUDENTS
- most vulnerable sectors of the
population
- most potent agents of all aspects
of the disaster management
cycle
KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
- When students conduct
earthquake or fire drills, the
knowledge and skills they acquire
are transferred directly to their
families and to their communities.
SCHOOL
- microcosm of both the
community it belongs to and of
the country
IMPLEMENTATION OF CORRECTIVE MEASURES
1. Planning/ Organizing the Earthquake Drill
A.
o form Disaster Risk Reduction
Management (DRRM) team to
take charge of first aid, rescue,
security, evacuation and
communications
o designate over-all coordinator to
see the most recent school
grounds maps and building
floorplans
B. Perform activity before proceeding.
o DRRM team should inspect the
school or invite a competent
school or city/municipal
personnel for orientation.
2. Developing the School Earthquake
Evacuation Plan
o designate an open area for each
class
o indicate on the map the
dangerous points
o indicate with arrows the route of
students
o make sure everyone is oriented
o prepare earthquake survival kits
and first aid kits
3. Orientation Prior to the Conduct of
Earthquake Drill
o covered lessons on the nature
and origin of earthquakes and
safety measures
o DUCK, COVER, and HOLD
o off-campus educational trip for
an orientation (ex. PHIVOLCS)
4. Actual Conduct of Earthquake Drill

o inform the neighborhood about

the scheduled drill
o assign observers along the routes

a. ALARM PHASE
- school bell or fire alarm alerts
everyone about the onset of the
earthquake

b. RESPONSE PHASE (during alarm)

- execute duck, cover, and hold

c. EVACUATION PHASE (after alarm)

- when the shaking stops, everyone
should then get ready to
evacuate the place
- route indicated in the evacuation
plan should be followed and
gather at the designated area

d. ASSEMBLY PHASE
- everyone must gather on the
designated place

e. HEAD COUNT PHASE

- teachers or class presidents
should then make a roll call to
check if everyone is present and
safe
- search and rescue team should
check the whereabouts of
missing and injured people

f. EVALUATION
- identifies problem encountered
that would pose difficulties in a
real earthquake situation
- finds solution which shall be part
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