Risk Management and legislation

Lecture 5.
Beverley Hill
 Who is the event for (age, expectations etc)

Site Likely Attendance

selection Length of time required (set-up, event, breakdown)

and Nature of the event

Planning How will the audience get there

Technical and service requirements

 Risk Management

Site Safety and control, emergency provisions, signage

Selection Financial

and It must be affordable within your event budget

Planning Aesthetic

It should complement and support the event concept,

and contribute to the overall attractiveness of the event
 Museums

Site and Universities

Venue
Art/Craft galleries

Convention Centres

Options. Restaurants/Hotels

(Indoor Civic Buildings

venues) Tourist Attractions

Performing arts Venues

 Waterfront/islands/beaches

Site and Public parks

venue Streets

Theme parks
Options Markets
(outdoor Sports centres/stadia

venues) National parks

Arenas
 Sports and Festivals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EeCiidNPiHo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U3rGWsopBtc
Risk ‘ Risk management is the systematic application of
Assessment management policies, procedures and practices to the
tasks of establishing the context, identifying, analysing,
evaluating, treating, monitoring and communicating risk.’
The British Standards Institution
The Risk
Management
Process
 Build Up:
planning the Load in:
venue planning the

The five
design, safe delivery
selection of and installation
competent of necessary
workers, equipment and

phases selection of
contractors
and sub
services used
at the event

where risk
contractors,
construction
Show: crowd Load out: planning
the safe removal of

can be
management equipment and
strategies, services
transport and
planning for

assessed first aid, fire,

contingencies
Breakdown:
planning to control
risks post event,
disposal of waste,
The Event
Safety Guide
(HSE 1999)
dismantling of
infrastructure
 • Administration
• Marketing and Public Relations
• Health and Safety
• Crowd Management
Main areas • Security
• Transport
of risks for
events Berlonghi 1990
 The type of event

The Management structure

Understanding
the Context
The stakeholder analysis

The general risk environment

 Human Behaviour

Safety

Lack of Security

Sources of Economic
Risk Political

Natural Events

Technology

Stakeholder expectations
 Work breakdown Structures (breaking event down into
manageable parts)

Test events

Risk Internal/External Risk classification – SWOT analysis

Identification Fault Diagram - Result to cause

Tools Incident Report

Contingency plan

Consultation with stakeholders

 Risk assessment meeting

Accurate description of risks

Evaluating Organisation of risks

the risk
Prioritisation of risks by likelihood of
them occurring and consequence
Creation of a risk register
 Level Descriptor Description
A Almost certain Incidents expected to occur in
most circumstances
B Likely Incident will probably occur in
most circumstances
Risk C Moderate/Possible Incident should occur at some
Likelihood time

Rating D Unlikely Incident could occur at some

time
E Rare Incident may occur only in
exceptional circumstances
 Level Descriptor Description
1 Insignificant No injuries, low financial loss
2 Minor First aid treatment, on-site release
immediately contained, medium
financial loss

3 Moderate Medical treatment required, on-site

release contained with outside
Measure of assistance, high financial loss

Consequence
or Severity 4 Major Extensive injuries, loss of production
capability, off-site release with no
detrimental effects, major financial
loss

5 Catastrophic Death, toxic release off-site with

detrimental effects, huge financial
loss
Risk Assessment Matrix
 Working in your groups discuss the
potential risks involved in staging an
event. Try to identify a minimum of
three different risks associated with
the event.
For your own
event
List these risks and give each of them a
likelihood and consequence rating
based on their perceived degree of
likelihood and severity.
 1 2 3 4 5
Risk Control
strategies Cancel and
avoid the risk
Diminish the risk
(HOW?)
Devise back-ups
and alternatives
Distribute the
risk
Transfer the risk
• Berlonghi (1990)
 Steps need to be taken to
deal with the likelihood and
How is thew consequence of event risks
risk dealt • Issues to be addressed:
with? • Responsibilities of those taking
mitigating actions
• Resources available to take
mitigating actions
• Risk Communication
 Crowd Management

Alcohol and Drugs

Specific Communication
Event Stewarding and security
Risks
Environment

Emergency
 More people are killed or injured during
Crowd access and egress at the event than in the
area where the crowd gather to watch the
Management event

(Prof Chris The major cause of accidents in

Kemp, contemporary society is the collapse of
temporary demountable structures.
ACEM
Sydney, July Over 300 people have been killed in South
Africa over the last ten years through such
2006) collapses and the resulting panic and riotsl.
 ● Pushing and surging where members of the audience try
to manoeuvre themselves into a better position

● Davies et al (1995) state that the mood of the crowd may

change for the worse if the crowd sense frustration in
achieving their objective

● Crowd change speed or direction abruptly

Areas of ● Venue Management Characteristics
Consideration ● Layout
● Entrance/Exits
● Queuing systems
● Barrier design
● Bottlenecks/Pinch points
● Clean, comfortable environment
 Circulation of house rules and event manual

Good, attentive door staff and stewards

Proper qualified crowd managers

Communication
Operational, tactical and strategic control

Familiarity with a venue can aid evacuation

 Temperature and climate

Key factors Crowding

that affect Time of Day

crowd Anxiety

emotions Stimulants

Genre
 The risk assessment took place

The people affected were identified

Recording Significant hazards were dealt with
incidents Precautions were taken

Remaining risk was low