NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF FOOD TECHNOLOGIES

DEPARTMENT OF ECOLOGY AND ECOMANAGEMENT

ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE:
"Life safety and occupational health and safety"

Topic:
Risk as an assessment danger

Lecturer: Assoc. Siryk A.O.

 familiarize with the general
characteristics of hazards
Goal to consider methodical approaches to
ectures : _ definition risk and its species ;
to explain the concept management risk

Plan
 General hazard assessment and characterization
 Analysis dangers
 Rating risk danger
 Management risk

2
 Relevance of the topic
Availability dangers in all spheres of life person and
society to provide sustainable development
humanity require making protective
mechanisms for forecasting and regulation
risks , reduction their negative impact to
acceptable levels in concrete socio-economic
conditions _

3
 Terminology

A hazard is a situation or practical activity, a

material object, a substance that has the potential
to cause harm

Detect Control
danger effectiveness of
measures

Assess risks Apply mitigation

associated measures risk
with hazards
4
Assessment and characterization of
hazards
As a result manifestation dangers
are:
 unhappy cases

 accidents
 disasters

deadly results , shorthand duration life , harm to health .

5
 Assessment and characterization of
hazards
Quantification danger , or quantitative rating damages
caused _ danger , depends on many factors :

 from the number of people who were in the danger zone,

 quantity and quality material values that were there,

 natural resources etc. _

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 Assessment and characterization of
hazards
Danger is the Realization of
cause of the DAMAGES
danger -
accident from an accident
ACCIDENT

Category Danger Category Consequences

Insufficient Infliction Loss health ,
supervision damage fatal result
Insufficient employees
experience _
Property …..
PERSONNEL Insufficient
damage
resource
Lack of It's a pity for …..
interaction the
environment
EQUIPMENT …..
MATERIALS ….. Losses of ….
enterprises
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PROCESSES ……
Hazard analysis

 Hazard analysis begins with a preliminary study, which

allows mainly to identify the sources of hazards.
 The methods of these analyzes and the techniques used in
their execution are known under different names.

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Hazard analysis

Methods and techniques used for hazard analysis:

 analysis of damages and the effect caused by them (APVE),
 error tree analysis (FAT),
 error risk analysis (ARP),
 management miscalculations and risk tree (PMDR),
 analysis of energy flows and obstacles (APPE),
 stepwise approximation analysis (SAP),
 software hazard analysis ( PRAS ),
 analysis of common causes of failure (CFR),
 cause and effect analysis (CA)

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 Fault tree analysis (FAT) is used when evaluating
extremely complex or detailed systems.

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Hazard analysis

Types of analysis:
• preliminary hazard analysis (PAN),
• system hazard analysis (SHA),
• subsystem hazard analysis (PSAN),
• work and service hazard analysis (ANRO).

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 Terminology

Risk – quantitative rating danger _ A combination of nations is

like a unity _ setting up _ damage i severity i ts and hers
damage _
Of course it a dimensionless quantity that lies in the
range from 0 to 1.

NATIONAL STANDARD OF UKRAINE

Protection labor _ Terms and definitions 12
basic concepts. DSTU 2293:2014
 Terminology

 Professional risk - Risk damage health employee

 Acceptable , admissible risk - Risk reduced to such
a level that _ him industry , association of enterprises ,
enterprise , institution , body and joint stock may _ _
allow , taking into account own politics in spheres i
protection works i

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 Terminology

Performing work The risk zone is the territory in which

in a risk zone household activity related to the possible
where there is danger and causation negative consequences _
danger

Risk
zone

The risk zone is

The risk zone is
characterized by the
characterized by frequency
severity of
(probability) p events in a
consequences E from
certain time interval
these events
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Development of a risk assessment
form and its application
A priori
data : Situation
data
Information 2
Experience change Situation
1
Scenarios Situation
Models 3
Judgment k
Ris ast)
Assumption ec
o r
(f
Risk
Zone of
uncertainty
development
procedures for
assessment ,
analysis and Probably future
management risk
based _ a priori Now
data 15
Past
 Risk assessment

R= p x E
Risk = frequency × severity of
consequences

p – number of events/ total number of events at one enterprise

or
p is the frequency (probability, probability) of events for a certain
time interval
E – damages from specific accidents (events)

The units of risk assessment ( R ) are losses from specific

events at one enterprise per year:
fatal consequences, lost time, financial losses, etc. 16
 Risk assessment

An important characteristic of danger is the frequency with

which it can occur manifest , or probability (p).

Probability (p) is defined as a ratio quantity events with certain

consequences ( n) to the maximum possible their quantity ( N)
for a specific time period :

p = n/N

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Risk assessment
Comment

" probability " " consequences "

Once per working day

Fatal result
change in the enterprise

Once a year at the

enterprise Serious injury

N - k number of times at There is a need for

enterprises of the industry emergency medical
per year
care 18
 Risk assessment
 In order to determine the seriousness of the
danger, the degree of risk admissibility in a
particular situation, there are various criteria:
 hazard severity categories;
 hazard probability levels;
 risk assessment matrix.

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Hazard severity categories
X characteristic dangers - seriousness actions ,
that is the damage they usually do cause after
implementation .

The type of danger Category Description unhappy case Note

Catastrophic 4 Death, destruction of the system Existence impossible

Serious injury, persistent illness , Complete restoration functions

Critical 3 significant system damage _ impossible

Injury, short-term disease , damage Possible complete restoration

borderline 2 in the system functions

Single insignificant diseases , light

Level damage does not affect
Insignificant 1 injuries , insignificant system
normal life activity
interruptions _ _

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In the world practice accepted use the ALARA (As Low As
Reasonably Achievable) principle : it is reasonable achievable low
level
" Any one the risk must be reduced as much as it is practically
achievable or to the level that is so low as _ it reasonably
achievable ".

Ordered mortality risk scale

Low Average High

<1*10 -8
1*10 -8
1*10 -7
1*10 -6
1*10 -5
1*10 -4
1*10 -3
1*10 -2
>1*10 -2

Neglecte Low The Average Relativel High Very Extreme

d ratio is y tall
low average
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 Value risk the death of the 1st person during the year
depending from the type of professional activity

Classifier security professional activity

Conditions professional activity Risk death of the 1st

person per year

Safe ( employees sewing , shoe , textile , paper , <0.0001 (R<1*10 -4

)
typographic , food and forestry industry )

Relatively are safe ( employees metallurgical , 0.0001...0.0010

shipbuilding , coal mining industry , iron and foundry , (1*10 -4 <R<1*10 -3 )
workers industry in general , as well as workers civilian
aviation )

Dangerous ( employed in carbon-coking and vulcanization 0.0010...0.0100

production , crew members Rybovetskyi trawlers , (1*10 -3 <R<1*10 -2 )
construction workers , climbers , tractor drivers )
Especially dangerous ( test pilots , crew members military >0.0100
helicopters , divers ) (R>1*10 -2 )
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 Terminology

Potentially dangerous situation - it is

unplanned an event that did not lead to the
death of personnel, injury , illness , damage to
the company's property , but existed danger , but
it could happen to a certain by share
probabilities .

Prerequisite accidents
and disasters

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 Terminology

Level and morality danger is a concept close to risk . But in this case
level probabilities are a qualitative characteristic of the possible
unwanted events , while risk is quantitative _ reflection implemented
dangers _

Hazard
Level Probability manifestation
frequency

If the event does not happen , then this is

Frequent A
considered except
It is possible B Event may to happen few times in a lifetime

Accidental C Really, what event may to occur in a lifetime

Very unlikely event , but possible during the
Distant D
cycle of existence
Unbelievabl If event happens , that 's it is considered
e
E
except
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Risk assessment matrix

Seriousness _ risk danger inverted proportional

level her probabilities .

The frequency Hazard category

with which
the event
occurs
IV III II I
Catastrophic Critical borderline Insignificant

(A) Often 4A 3A 2A 1A

(C) Presumably 4B 3B 2B 1B

(C) Maybe 4C 3C 2C 1C

(D) Rarely 4D 3D 2D 1D
(E) Practically 4E 3E 2E 1E 25
 Index risk danger
Classification risk Criteria risk

4A, 4B, 4C, 3A, 3B,

2A Inadmissible ( excessive )

4D, 3C, 3D, 2B, 2C Unwanted ( extremely permissible )

Acceptable with verification

4E, 3E, 2D, 2E, 1A, ( acceptable )
1B

Acceptable without checking

1C, 1D, 1E ( ignored )

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Ways and methods of solving problems
Protection - in theory and in practice
Model " Swiss CHEESE"
( Swiss Cheese model )

Danger
Theoretically

Careful
protection

Practically

Incident
Problems are active,
latent and potential

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Risk management

Ways to reduce the likelihood of risk:

complete or partial replacing development

rejection of works, improvement of
dangerous and use of
operations and technical
operations with special means
systems that have a systems and
other, less of protection
high degree of danger objects
dangerous ones;

increasing the level of security

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Risk management
Assessment of the labor safety system

The European occupational safety system is based on a

risk-oriented approach and a cycle of continuous
improvement.

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 International standards
OHSAS 18001:2007
( Occupational health and
safety management systems )
"Occupational health and ISO 45001:2018 " Security
safety management systems" management systems
or legal acts developed on its The health and safety labor _
basis: DSTU OHSAS
possibility of Requirements and
transition
18001:2010 "Occupational recommendations of
health and safety application ". ( Based on
management systems". OHSAS 18001:2007 )

Grounded on procedures; Process - based ; considers

considers only risks both risks and opportunities

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 International standards

 The OHSAS 18001 standard, like the general EU legislative

model in the field of occupational health and safety, is built
on the principle of risk management at the workplace in
accordance with the general model of preventive and
precautionary measures specified in Directive No.
89/391/EEC.

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International standards
OHSAS 18001 standard provides for continuous
improvement due to the implementation of the cycle
Shewhart – Deming PDCA
( Plan – Do – Check – Act ),
i.e. " Plan - execute - check - act "

P (plan) - plan
D (do) - do it
C (check) - check
A (act) - adjust

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International standards
POLICY

Evaluation risks
Improvement
Purpose and programs
Correction and
prevention Distribution
responsibility
Registration
data Resource

Monitoring Programs teaching

Audit
Interconnections _ _
Analysis PLAS
Instructions with
protection labor

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 Performance measurement
 Performance is the measurable results of risk management
carried out by the organization in the field of occupational
health and safety.

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Performance measurement

The benefits and benefits are related _ with a

risk -oriented control system
approaches

Abbreviation
Loss reduction, energy and payments and sanctions
resource saving

Improvement of product quality and Reduction of abnormal

labor productivity and emergency situations

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Conclusions
 Management classical risks _ hierarchy - the main
one tool for elimination dangerous factors
 When final risks , when the danger cannot be
removed , is necessary change behavior of people
on more safe to _ hold their from impact dangerous
factors .

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Further will be ...)
 Rating risk
Comment
In the National reports "State of man-made and natural dangers in Ukraine in
2010 " stated that _ mortality people countries from external causes in everyday
life amounted to 42,826 people .
Based on the general numbers population of the same year - 45,778,534 people,
we determine what risk of mortality in everyday life in ours country is
R = 42,826 / 45,778,534 = 9.36 * 10 -4

Number the dead in production in the same year, it was 644 people. At quantity
14,400,000 people working in production risk mortality at work makes up
R = 644 / 14,400,000 = 4.47 * 10 -5

which is 21 times less than in everyday life .

The cause of accidents is:
 2% - permanent conditions
10% 2%
 10% - dangerous conditions
 88% are dangerous actions of
employees
88%

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