NCM 121

DISASTER
GILBERT NURSING
F. FERNANDO, RN
LOCAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OFFICER II
INSTRUCTOR/ TEACHER FACULTY – COLLEGE OF NURSING
DISASTER
LEADERSHIP AND COORDINATION IN
PREPAREDNESS
DISASTER HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS

DISASTER AHEAD
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES At the end of this lecture, SN’s will be able to:

1. Understand the legal mandates that support DRRM in

the Philippines ;
2. Describe the Philippine National Disaster Response Plan
Framework;
3. Familiarize the implementing guidelines under
Administrative Order No. 0007, s. 2017
4. Familiarize the implementing guidelines under
Administrative Order No. 0036, s. 2020
5. Describe the National Response Plan as it relates to the
National Incident Management System;
6. Discuss the Emergency Medical Response Plan
LEGAL MANDATES
Sendai Framework for
Disaster Risk Reduction
• Signed on 2015
• Aims to prevent new and reduce
existing disaster risk
• Recognizes people-centered approach
LEGAL MANDATES

Republic Act 10121

• Enacted on 2010

• Legal basis for DRRM in the

Philippines, from national down to
barangay levels
PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
(DRRM) FRAMEWORK

The Philippine DRRM

Framework envisions a country
which have “safer, adaptive and
disaster-resilient Filipino
communities toward sustainable
development.”
PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT (DRRM) FRAMEWORK
 Then: REACTIVE
Top-down, centralized Disasters as function of Focus on response
physical hazards

PARADIGM
SHIFT

Disasters as reflection of
Bottom-up, participatory Integrated approach
vulnerability

Now: PROACTIVE Photo credit:: Google Images

DRRM THEMATIC PILLARS

Preparedness Response and Early

Establish and strengthen Recovery
capacities of communities to Safer, adaptive and disaster Provide life preservation and
anticipate, cope and recover meet the basic subsistence needs
from the negative impacts of
resilient Filipino Communities
of affected population based on
emergency occurrences and towards Sustainable
acceptable standards during or
disasters Development immediately after a disaster

Prevention and Rehabilitation and

Mitigation
Avoid hazards and mitigate their potential
impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and
exposure and enhancing capacities of
communities
Recovery
Restore and improve facilities, livelihood and living
conditions and organizational capacities of affected
communities, and reduced disaster risks in
accordance with the “building back better” principle
 National Local
Government Government
PARTNERS
IN DRRM Civil Society
Organizations Communities
and Private
Sector
 National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

17 Regional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils

DRRM 81 Provincial Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils

NETWORK
S 145 City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils

1, 489 Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils

42,029 Barangay Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Committees

COORDINATION

Barangay Development Council 1 Barangay affected

City/Municipal DRRMC 2 or more Barangays affected

Provincial DRRMC 2 or more Cities/Municipalities affected

Regional DRRMC 2 or more Provinces affected

NDRRMC 2 or more Regions affected

NDRRMC COMPOSITION
RDRRMC COMPOSITION

Chair
OCD

Vice-Chairs
DILG DSWD DOST NEDA
Disaster Response Prevention & Rehab &
Preparedness Mitigation Recovery

Members
• Executives of regional offices and field stations of NDRRMC member
agencies
• Other entities that may be invited by the RDRRMC
LDRRMC COMPOSITION

Members
BUDGET ALLOCATION
Unexpended LDRRMF
will go to a special trust
fund to support DRR
activities of the
LDRRMC in the next 5
years.

Any amount not used

after 5 years shall revert
to the general fund to be
used for other social
services to be identified
by the local sanggunian.

Source: Rappler
NATIONAL DISASTER
RESPONSE PLAN (NDRP)
The NDRP is a strategic plan that provides
general directions for all the agencies and
networks involved in disaster risk
reduction and management (DRRM). It
necessitates the Operational Plan at the
agency and regional levels, and Tactical or
Contingency Plan at the Local
Government Units (LGU) to fully enact
the directives and realize its objectives.
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE
PLAN (NDRP) : OBJECTIVES

It aims to ensure timely, effective, and

coordinated response by the National
Government including its instrumentalities
by providing support assistance to the areas
that will be affected by disasters
NATIONAL
DISASTER
RESPONSE
PLAN IN
PERSPECTIVE
WHAT NATIONAL DISASTER
RESPONSE PLAN (NDRP)
CONTAINS?
The NDRP contains the following contents:
 The Level of Actions at the different levels of command;
 The Emergency Response Preparedness (ERP) commonly known as Pre-Disaster
Risk Assessment – Actions, Plans, and Protocols (PDRA-APP);
 The Response Cluster (RC) and Incident Management Team (IMT) Mechanisms;
 Level of Response at the different levels of command;
 Triggers for Response Activations;
 The eleven (11) Response Clusters that were created to have a focused response
operations on the field as well as be able to directly and efficiently coordinate with the
existing Humanitarian Clusters of the International Humanitarian Country Teams;
WHAT NATIONAL DISASTER
RESPONSE PLAN (NDRP)
CONTAINS?
The NDRP contains the following contents:
 Roles and Responsibilities of each Lead and Member Cluster that is to take quick and
proper actions are clarified when the disaster occurs;
 Predictable leadership and participation to ensure coordination - cluster leadership, and
participation roles of member organizations/agencies that are clarified in each activity per
disaster phase;
 Operation Protocols of Response Clusters that are prepared to guide the coordination
that must be done and coming from the National Government to the affected LGUs
needing the augmentation or assumption support;
 The NDRP that has both national and regional components which provide the
framework for effective interphase of response efforts through vertical and horizontal
coordination;
BASES OF ACTIONS
Scenario Based

The NDRP is formulated under the premise of a “worst-case scenario” for each type
of disasters that lead to disaster or calamity

Tiered Response

The type of response for consequence management that the NDRP is providing is at
the level of the National Government and has two approaches to consider: 1) for
augmentation to the operations of the affected LGUs and, 2) for assumption of
functions of the LGUs in providing response assistance to their affected population.
HOW NDRP
WORKS?
ACTIVATION, DEACTIVATION
Triggers that are commonly used for DRRMCs or CMCs:

• Pre-Disaster Risk Assessment (PDRA)

• Rapid Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis (RDANA)
• Intelligence Reports

Deactivation:
As a general rule, the recommendation to terminate the operation should emanate from the
Incident Commander (IC) operating on the ground. This also signifies the trigger for the
deactivation of the response based on CP.

Non-Activation of the CP:

There may be no need to activate the CP if the predicted hazard or event did not take place
or the situation is no longer threatening.
ALERT LEVELS
NDRRMC
ALERT STATUS
LEVELS OF DISASTER
RESPONSE
11 RESPONSE CLUSTERS
Currently, the Philippine Government recognizes the following eleven (11)
Emergency Response Clusters, and their respective lead agencies:

 SRR : Search Rescue and Retrieval (AFP)

 HEALTH: with Sub-Clusters on: Medical and Public Health Services, Water-
Sanitation-Hygiene (WASH), Mental Health and Psycho-Social Support
Services (MHPSS), and Nutrition (DOH)
 IDPP: Internally Displaced Persons Protection (DSWD)
 CCCM: Camp Coordination and Camp Management (DSWD)
 FNFI: Food and Non-Food Items (DSWD)
11 RESPONSE CLUSTERS
 LOG: Logistics with Sub-Clusters on: Warehousing, Transportation, &
Services (OCD)
 LAO: Law and Order (PNP)
 ET: Emergency Telecommunications (DICT)
 EDU: Education (DepEd)
 PIHA: Philippine International Humanitarian Assistance (DFA)
 MDM: Management of the Dead and Missing (DILG)
HEALTH RESPONSE
CLUSTER In the PH,

The Health Response Cluster is led

by the country’s Department of
Health (DOH)
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
HEALTH EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SERVICE

GENERAL FUNCTIONS
1.Develops plans, policies, programs and strategies for health emergency
preparedness and response.
2. Develops health sector capability for an effective and responsive national
health emergency management system.
3. Organizes and coordinates efforts of the health sector for an integrated
response to health emergencies.
4. Advises the Secretary of Health on matters pertaining to health
emergency management
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES
IN EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS
Objectives:
1. Set guidelines in the delivery of essential health
services in emergencies and disasters;
2. Define the essential service components for
health, nutrition, WASH and MHPSS;
3. Delineate the roles and responsibilities of
concerned stakeholders in the delivery of
essential services
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES
IN EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS

Essential Health Service

Packages

Consist of 4 health sub-clusters

ESP aimed at providing a
focused approach for all
affected individuals especially
the vulnerable and
marginalized populations
during emergencies and
disasters.
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES
IN EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS

Medical and Public Health ESP

The health requirements of the general population and vulnerable groups

shall be met primarily through the following component services:
Maternal and Child Health
Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases
Sexual and Reproductive Health
Management of Injuries
Control of Non-communicable Diseases

All in accordance to accepted National and International Standards

DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES
IN EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS
Components

 Health Services for live saving

 Prepositioning of first aid/survival/family health kits and breastfeeding kits
 Health services to prevent and control disaster related morbidities including communicable and
vaccine preventable diseases
 Health Services for lifestyle-related and degenerative diseases
 Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
 Sexual and Reproductive Health Services
 Health Support Services for the Vulnerable Population
 Early Treatment and continuation of essential
therapies for acute and chronic conditions
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES
IN EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS

Nutrition ESP

In coordination with FNFI Cluster, the nutritional requirement of the general

population and vulnerable groups are met through:
 Nutrition assessment
 Infant and young feeding
 Food assistance
 Management of acute malnutrition and micronutrient supplementation

All in accordance to accepted National and International Standards

DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES
IN EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS
Components

 Conduct of Infant and Young Child Feeding (Breastfeeding

and complementary)
 Rapid Nutrition Assessment after 72 hours
 Immediate provision of high-dose Vitamin A supplementation
to target groups
 Posting and distribution of nutrition promotion and advocacy
materials within 24 hours
 Appropriate management and referral of severe acute
malnutrition
 Supplementary Feeding
 Counselling services and supportive nutrition care
 Monitoring of the act against Milk Code
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES
IN EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS

Water, Sanitation, Hygiene (WASH) ESP

The WASH requirement of the general population and vulnerable groups are met
through:
 Hygiene Promotion
 Water Supply
 Excreta Disposal
 Vector Control
 Solid Waste Management
 Drainage

All in accordance to accepted National and International Standards

DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES
IN EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS
Components

 Assessment and evaluation of WASH conditions in pre-

identified ECs
Provision of safe water and adequate water storage
facilities and protection of water supply
Hygiene Promotion (hand-washing, hygiene practices
and use of WASH facilities)
Implement non-harmful vector control measures (bed
nets, repellant)

Provision of sanitation facilities, excreta disposal and sanitation techniques

Conduct of water quality surveillance, disinfection and treatment
Implement drainage of WASH facilities to prevent contamination
Immediate provision of separate toilets for males and females
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES
IN EMERGENCIES AND DISASTERS

Mental Health and Psychosocial Support (MHPSS) ESP

The MHPSS requirement of the general population and vulnerable groups are met
through:
 Psychological First Aid
 Gradated Psychological Interventions

All in accordance to accepted National and International Standards (IASC 2007

guidelines for MHPSS in emergency settings).

These considerations and interventions must be supported with activities – services,

promotion, education – related to food, health, water, sanitation, hygiene and
livelihood
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF
ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES IN EMERGENCIES AND
DISASTERS
Components
 Provision of support to staff with
significant behavioral changes
Referral of more severe, complex, high
risk cases to specialists and facilities
Utilization of existing communal,
cultural, spiritual and religious healing
practices as approaches to MHPSS
Community Mental Health Education
Coordinated Assessment using global
assessment tools and guidelines
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF
ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES IN EMERGENCIES AND
DISASTERS
Components
 MHPSS interventions for survivors
of sexual violence
Protection and promotion of
responders well-being during the
preparation, deployment and follow-
up phases
Provision of Psychotropic medications
and sedatives when necessary
Provision of PFA for the general
population and access and referral to
graded and specific MHPSS
intervention
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF
ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES IN EMERGENCIES AND
DISASTERS
Roles of DOH Hospitals
 Formulate Plans, Procedures, and
protocols
 Ensure availability of funds
 Implement a mechanism of
coordination and collaboration
 Deploy medical response teams
 Act as receiving facility and referral
center
 Submit reports
Roles of Local Government Units
 Formulate Plans, Procedures, and
protocols
 Ensure available prepositions
 Ensure EHSP implementation and
service delivery
 Establish coordination and
collaboration mechanism
 Maintain service delivery network
with hospitals
 Sustain a pre-hospital care system
DOH A.O. 0007-2017
GUIDELINES IN THE PROVISION OF
ESSENTIAL HEALTH SERVICE
PACKAGES IN EMERGENCIES AND
DISASTERS
Roles of other Government Agencies, NGO,
Development Partners, Private Sector and
CSOs

 Adhere to and observe all requirements,

Plans, Procedures, and protocols standards
on EHSP
Coordinate and participate in inter-agency
activities with DOH on Health Emergency
Management
Support the DOH/ Regional Offices/
LGUs/ Hospitals in needs assessment
planning and mobilize own resources and
help build capacities
DOH A.O. 0036-2020
GUIDELINES IN THE INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF DRRM-H IN PROVINVE/CITY-WIDE HEALTH
SYSTEMS
Societal Goal: Safer, adaptive, and disaster resilient communities toward sustainable
development

Averted preventable
Final Uninterrupted Health
morbidities and mortalities No outbreaks secondary to
Service Delivery during
Outcomes and other health effects disaster
emergency and disaster
secondary to disaster

Intermediate
DRRM-H institutionalization and strengthening institutional capacity on DRRM-H
Outcomes

Health Emergency Response Health Emergency

Outputs DRRM-H Plan Team Commodities
Functional EOC

Processes Resource Mobilization and Information and Knowledge

Governance Health Service Delivery
Management Management

Inputs Increased investment in DRRM-H

INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
It is a standard, on-scene, all-hazard incident management
concept that can be used by any agency.
The purpose of the ICS is to help to ensure:
 Safety of responders
 Achievement of tactical objectives
 Efficient use of resources

As a management system, it meets the needs of incidents of any kind or size. It allows personnel
from a variety of agencies to meld rapidly into a common management structure using plain language. It
maximizes effective logistical and administrative support to operational staff by avoiding duplication of
efforts and providing accountability and a planning process.
INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
Incident Command System (ICS) Roles and
Responsibilities
POSITION
Incident Commander
Command Staff
 Public Information Officer
 Safety Officer
 Liaison Officer
General Staff
 Operations Section Chief
 Planning Section Chief
 Logistics Section Chief
 Finance and Administration
Section Chief
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Overall manages the incident
Interacts with the media and public
Assesses all operational safety concerns
Point of contact for other agencies
Implements tactical activities
Collects information and prepares reports
Provides facilities and services support
Monitors and approves expenditures
INTEROPERABILITY