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Power System Stability PDF
Power System Stability PDF
Voltage stability:
The ability of a power system to maintain steady acceptable voltages
at all buses in the system under normal operating conditions and after
being subjected to a disturbance.
(The main factor is inability of power system to meet the demand for
reactive power.)
Rotor Angle Stability
Types of Rotor Angle Stability
Small-disturbance stability
The ability of a power system to maintain
synchronism under small disturbance
Transient stability
The ability of a power system to maintain
synchronism when subjected to a severe
transient disturbance
Causes of Rotor Angle Instability
Lack of synchronising torque component
results in instability through an aperiodic drift
in rotor angle (leads to aperiodic instability-
machine going out of step)
• Where;
• Te = Electrical torque
• TSΔδ = Synchronising torque (power) component
(in phase with the rotor angle perturbation)
• TS = Synchronising torque (power) coefficient
𝜕2 𝛿 𝜔0
= (𝑃𝑚 − 𝑃𝑒 )
𝜕𝑡 2 2𝐻
• Where;
𝛿 =rotor angle, in rads
𝐻 = inertia constant in secs
𝑃𝑚 = mechancal power, pu
𝑃𝑒 = electrical power
The Swing Equation
• From the above equation, its possible to
obtain the critical clearing angle and critical
clearing time so that the system attains its
stability level.
Power curve
Consider the fig below. The electrical power
delivered to the load can be determined
Power equation
Where
V is the voltage at infinite bus.
E is internal voltage of generator.
X is the total reactance
Taking V as ref. Voltage = V
Power Equation
Phasor diagram
Such that
Power curve
When the initial load is given, then there is a critical
clearing angle, and if the actual clearing angle exceeds
a critical clearing angle, the system becomes unstable
otherwise it is stable.
Curve A represents the power angle curve for a
healthy condition;
Curve B represents the power angle curve for faulty
condition and curve