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Specification for Structural Steel Overview of the New 2005 AISC Specification for
Structural Steel Buildings
Buildings
• Brief History of AISC Specifications
• 2005 AISC Spec - Combined ASD/LRFD Format
• 2005 AISC Spec - Examples
• Features of new 13th Edition Manual
Michael D. Engelhardt
University of Texas at Austin
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Differences Between Current Formatting of Factor of Safety
Versions of ASD and LRFD
ASD LRFD
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Stress vs. Force Format Equations for Nominal Strength
ASD and LRFD check the same limit states:
ASD LRFD
Columns: Buckling
Tension Members: Yield of Gross Section
fa ≤ Fa Pu ≤ φ Pn Fracture of Net Section
Block Shear Fracture
fb ≤ Fb Mu ≤ φ Mn Beams - Flexure: Yielding (reaching Mp)
Local Buckling
fv ≤ Fv Vu ≤ φ Vn Lateral Torsional Buckling
Beams - Shear: Yielding (reaching Vp)
Shear Buckling
Bolts and Welds: Fracture
Etc...
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2005 AISC Specification 2005 AISC Specification - LRFD Option
Permits design using either.... Basic Design Equation: Resistance Factor
Nominal Strength
LRFD Load and Resistance Factor Design
RU ≤ φ Rn
- or -
ASD Allowable Strength Design Required Strength (LRFD) Design Strength
PU ≤ φ Pn
MU ≤ φ Mn
VU ≤ φ Vn
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LRFD Load Combinations:
1. 1.4D
2. 1.2D + 1.6L + 0.5(Lr or S or R)
3. 1.2D + 1.6 (Lr or S or R) + (0.5L or 0.8W)
4. 1.2D + 1.6W + 0.5L + 0.5 (Lr or S or R)
5. 1.2D + 1.0E + 0.5L +0.2S
6. 0.9D + (1.6W or 1.0E)
3. D + 0.75 [ L + (Lr or S or R) ]
Required Strength Required Strength
4. D + (W or 0.7 E) (LRFD) (ASD)
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2005 AISC Specification 2005 AISC Specification
RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω
Nominal Strength - Same in LRFD and ASD Resistance Factor Safety Factor
1.5
φ =
Ω
Example: For Ω = 1.67, φ = 0.90
For Ω = 2 , φ = 0.75
RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω RU ≤ φ Rn Ra ≤ Rn / Ω
Available Strength
φ Rn = 1.5 × Rn / Ω
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Example - Gravity Loaded Beam
2005 AISC Specification
30 ft.
Given:
W21x50 A992 Beam L= 30-ft.
Continuous Lateral Support
Service Loads: D = 0.7 k/ft. L = 2 k/ft.
To Find:
Check if beam has adequate flexural strength
LRFD Solution Mu ≤ φ Mn
1. Compute Required Strength (LRFD)
W21 x 50 1.2 D + 1.6 L = 1.2 (0.7 k/ft.) + 1.6 (2 k/ft.) = 4.04 k/ft.
w L2 4.04 k / ft x ( 30 ft )2
Mu = = = 455 ft-k
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Flexure Limit States:
• Yielding Controlling limit state 2. Compute Nominal Strength
• Local Buckling - W21x50 A992 is compact Mn = Mp = Z Fy = 126 in3 × 50 ksi = 6300 in-k = 525 ft-k
Local buckling does not control
• Lateral Torsional Buckling (LTB) - 3. Compute Design Strength
Continuous Lateral Support
LTB does not control φ Mn = 0.9 × 525 ft-k = 473 ft-k ≥ 455 ft-k OK
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ASD Solution Ma ≤ Mn / Ω 30 ft.
w L2 2.7 k / ft x ( 30 ft )2
Ma = = = 304 ft-k
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LRFD: Mu ≤ φ Mn 455 ft-k ≤ 473 ft-k OK
2. Compute Nominal Strength
ASD: Ma ≤ Mn / Ω 304 ft-k ≤ 315 ft-k OK
Mn = Mp = Z Fy = 126 in3 × 50 ksi = 6300 in-k = 525 ft-k
Note: φ Mn = 1.5 × Mn / Ω (473 ft-k = 1.5 x 315 ft-k)
3. Compute Allowable Strength
Mu = 1.49 × Ma (455 ft-k = 1.49 x 304 ft-k)
Mn / Ω = 525 ft-k / 1.67 = 315 ft-k ≥ 304 ft-k OK
P P P P
Example:
Limit States (ASD and LRFD):
Service Loads: D= 25 kips L= 75 kips
• Yield of gross section
• Fracture of net section Determine required gross area using ASD vs. LRFD
• Block shear
Take Fy = 50 ksi
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LRFD: LRFD:
Pu ≤ φ Pn Pu ≤ φ Pn
Pn = Agross Fy
φ = 0.9
Pa ≤ Pn / Ω Pa ≤ Pn / Ω
Pn = Agross Fy
Ω = 1.67
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ASD (Allowable Stress Design - 9th Edition):
Example: ASD vs. LRFD
Pservice Fy
≤ Pservice (D +L) = 100k
Agross 1.67
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2005 AISC Specification: Timetable
354 531
• Specification approved March 9, 2005
• Free electronic copy of specification can be downloaded
at www.aisc.org
• New Manual of Steel Construction (13 Edition) released in
February 2006. Manual has dual ASD - LRFD Design Aids
• New Specification adopted by 2006 IBC.
Previous specs (9th Edition ASD and 3rd Edition LRFD)
will not be recognized by IBC.
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