A

Course File On
“DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS”
Submitted by
Mr. A.KARTHIK
Assistant Professor, ECE.

In the department of

Electronics & Communication Engineering

NARASIMHA REDDY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(Affiliated to J.N.T.U, HYDERABAD)

MAISAMMGUDA (V), DHULAPALLY (P), MEDCHAL (M) SECUNDERABAD-14

(2018-2019)
 COURSE FILE
Subject: DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
Year: III– B.Tech, I SEM Branch: ECE

S.NO CONTENTS
1 Department vision & mission

2 List of PEOs ,PSOs and POs

Course Out comes & Mapping of course out comes with

3 POs

4 Mapping of course outcomes with PSO’s

5 Syllabus copy

6 Individual time table

7 Detailed lecture plan

8 Assignment Questions

9 Sample assignment scripts

10 Unit-wise course material

11 Mid questions with CO mapping

12 Sample mid answer scripts

13 Material collected from Internet/Websites/ PPT’s

University Questions / Question Bank

14

15 Advanced topics beyond the syllabus

16 Course attainment value for internal marks

17 Course attainment value for External marks

18 Final course attainment

19 CO to PO attainment

20 Remarks and Recommendations

1. Department Vision & Mission
Vision of the Department:
To become globally recognized platform for enrichment of knowledge through scientific and technological
research and development.
Mission of the Department:
1. To inspire and encourage development of key ideas and innovations that can contribute to socio-
economic development of India as well as world.
2. To identify and collaborate with experts, professionals, academicians, commercial and various
governmental bodies and develop an environment conducive to research and development.
3. To offer state-of-the-art programs that inspires and motivates students in perusing the role of
researchers and developers through higher learning programs.

2. List of PEOs, POs & PSOs

PEOs:
1. PEO-I: (Core competence – Discipline knowledge) To motivate and mold students in to world class
professionals by cultivating a fundamental desire to learn and apply the acquired skill sets in complex
constrains being faced by our social infrastructure.
2. PEO-II:(Preparation – Employment/Higher studies) To encourage students in striving for higher
cognitive aspirations where they will actively participate in quality improvement of academic and
industrial components of our society.
3. PEO-III (Professionalism – Professional value-knowledge development) To enlighten students and
help them in understanding their role as professionals who are well groomed, ethically poised, mentally
strong, passionate human beings and upstanding citizens.
POs:
Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering
1
fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems
Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
2 engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics,
natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and
design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
3
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
4 methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.
Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and modern
5 engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering activities
with an understanding of the limitations.
The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
6 societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities relevant to
the professional engineering practice.
Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
7 solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
8
norms of the engineering practice.
Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or leader in
9
diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
 Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and write
10
effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.
Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
11 engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage in
12
independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
PSOs:
1. PSO1: To study and grasp the core and fundamental knowledge behind the working of electronics and
communication systems through various design and application prospective.
2. PSO2: Apply various design methodologies through the use of modern tools to define, analyze and
present possible solutions to problem statements pertaining to general public.
3. PSO3: To learn, understand and adapt to continuously evolving role and ethical needs of professionals
in collaborative environment.

3. List of COs (Action verbs as per Bloom's Taxonomy)

Course Name: DC(C323)

Course Code.CO Course Outcomes (CO’s)

No
At the end of the course student will be able to

C323.1
Analyze, interpret and model the components of digital communication systems.

C323.2
Review, analyze and design error correcting codes used in digital communication and information
theory.

C323.3
Analyze, interpret and model baseband pulse transmission systems and digital pass band transmission
systems.
C323.4
Analyze, model, evaluate and compare various digital modulation techniques.
C323.5 Analyze, model, evaluate and compare spread spectrum techniques and performance of spread spectrum,
PN codes in jamming, noise etc.

Course Outcome (CO)-Program Outcome (PO) Matrix:

Course Name: DC (C323)
Course Program Outcomes (PO’s)
Outcomes
(CO’s) PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
C323.1
2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0

C323.2
3 3 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1

C323.3 2 2 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

C323.4 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

C323.5 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
 4. Mapping of course outcomes with PSO’s
Course Program Specific Outcomes (PSO’s)
Outcomes
(CO’s) PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
C323.1
2 2 2

C323.2
3 2 3

C323.3 2 3 2

C323.4 2 2 1

C323.5 3 2 2

5. SYLLABUS
UNIT I : Elements Of Digital Communication Systems
Advantages of digital communication systems, Bandwidth- S/N trade off, Hartley Shannon law,
Sampling theorem
Pulse Coded Modulation
PCM generation and reconstruction, Quantization noise, Non-uniform Quantization and
Commanding, Differential PCM systems (DPCM), Adaptive DPCM, Delta modulation, adaptive delta
modulation, Noise in PCM and DM systems
UNIT II : Digital Modulation Techniques
introduction , ASK, ASK Modulator, Coherent ASK detector, non-Coherent ASK detector, FSK,
Band width frequency spectrum of FSK, Non-Coherent FSK detector, Coherent FSK detector, FSK
Detection using PLL, BPSK, Coherent PSK detection, QPSK, Differential PSK
UNIT III: Base Band Transmission And Optimal Reception of Digital Signal
Pulse shaping for optimum transmission, A Base band signal receiver, Probability of error, optimum
receiver, Optimum of coherent reception, Signal space representation and probability of error, Eye
diagrams for ASK,FSK and PSK, cross talk,
Information Theory
Information and entropy, Conditional entropy and redundancy, Shannon Fano coding, mutual
information, Information loss due to noise, Source codings,- Huffman code, variable length coding.
Source coding to increase average information per bit, Lossy source Coding,
UNIT IV : Error Control Codes
Matrix description of linear block codes, Error detection and error correction capabilities of linear
block codes,
Cyclic codes: Algebraic structure, encoding, Syndrome calculation, decoding
Convolution Codes:
Encoding, decoding using state, Tree and trellis diagrams, Decoding using Viterbi algorithm,
Comparison of error rates in coded and un coded transmission.
UNIT V : Spread Spectrum Modulation
Use of spread spectrum, direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), Code division multiple access,
Ranging using DSSS, Frequency Hopping spread spectrum, PN Sequences: generation and
characteristics, Synchronization in spread spectrum system
 6. INDIVIDUAL TIME TABLE

Day I II III IV V VI VII

& 09.10 – 10.10 – 11.00 – 11.50 – 12.40 - 01.20 – 02.20 – 03.10 –
Time 10.10 11.00 11.50 12.40 01.20 02.20 03.10 04.00
MON DC(III-A) DC(III-B)
TUE DC(III-A)
WED DC(III-B)
THU DC(III-A) DC(III-B)
FRI DC(III-B) DC(III-A)
SAT DC(III-A) DC(III-B)

7. DETAILED LECTURE PLAN

S.N Tentative Topic Actually Suggeste Method of Teaching

o Date Topic as per JNTUH Syllabus Covered d Book Black Board / PPT
UNIT-I
1 9-Jul-18 Elements of digital Model of Digital T1 Black Board /
communication system Communication PPT
Systems
2 10-Jul-18 Elements of digital Digital T2 Black Board /
communication system representation of PPT
analog signal
3 11-Jul-18 Elements of digital Certain Issues in T1 Black Board /
communication system Digital PPT
Transmission
4 13-Jul-18 Sampling Theorem Types of T1 Black Board /
Sampling,Impulse PPT
Sampling,Natural
Sampling.
5 16-Jul-18 Sampling Theorem Flat – Top T1 Black Board /
Sampling. PPT
Introduction to
Baseband Sampling
6 18-Jul-18 Waveform Coding PCM Generation T1 Black Board /
Techniques and Reconstruction PPT
7 19-Jul-18 Waveform Coding Quantization T1 Black Board /
Techniques Noise,Non Uniform PPT
Quantization and
Companding.
8 20-Jul-18 Waveform Coding DPCM, Adaptive T1 Black Board /
Techniques DPCM PPT
9 23-Jul-18 Waveform Coding DM and Adaptive T1 Black Board /
Techniques DM, Noise in PCM PPT
and DM
 UNIT-II
10 24-Jul-18 Information theory Information and T1 Black Board /
Entropy,Conditiona PPT
l Entropy and
Redundancy.
11 26-Jul-18 Information theory Shannon-Fano T2 Black Board /
Coding Mutual PPT
information,
Information Loss
due to Noise.
12 30-Jul-18 Information theory Source coding- T2 Black Board /
Huffman Code, PPT
Variable Length
Coding.
13 3-Aug-18 Information theory Lempel-ziv coding, T2 Black Board /
source coding to PPT
increase average
information per
bit,Lossy Source
coding, Bandwidth-
S/N Trade off,
Hartley
Shannon Law.
14 6-Aug-18 Error Control Codes-Linear Linear Block T2 Black Board /
Block Codes Codes,Matrix PPT
Description of
Linear Block
Codes, Error
Detection and Error
Correction
Capabilities of
Linear Block
Codes.
15 9-Aug-18 Cyclic Codes Algebraic Structure, T1,T2 Black Board /
Encoding, PPT
16 10-Aug- Convolution Codes Encoding, T2 Black Board /
18 Decoding, PPT
UNIT-III
17 13-Aug- Baseband Pulse Transmission Introduction, T2 Black Board /
18 Matched PPT
Filter,Error Rate
Due to Noise, inter
symbol interference
Nyquist's criterion
for Distortionless
Baseband
Binary.Transmissio
n
18 17-Aug- Baseband Pulse Transmission Correlative -Level T1 Black Board /
18 Coding Baseband PPT
M-Array PAM
Transmission PAM
19 20-Aug- Baseband Pulse Transmission Digital subscriber T2 Black Board /
18 Lines, Optimal PPT
Liner Receiver,
Adaptive
Equalization, Eye
20 22-Aug- Digital pass band pass band T2 Black Board /
18 transmission transmission model, PPT
GraSchmidt
orthogonalization
procedure
21 24-Aug- Digital pass band Geometric T1 Black Board /
18 transmission interpretation of PPT
signals Coherent
detection of signals
in noise.
22 27-Aug- Digital pass band probability of error, T1 Black Board /
18 transmission Correlation PPT
receiver.

UNIT-IV
23 10-Sep-18 Digital Modulation Introduction, ASK, T1 Black Board /
Techniques ASK Modulator, PPT
Coherent ASK
Detector, Non-
Coherent ASK
Detector, FSK,
24 17-Sep-18 Digital Modulation Bandwidth and T1 Black Board /
Techniques Frequency PPT
Digital Modulation Spectrum of FSK,
Techniques Non Coherent FSK
Detector, Coherent
FSK Detector, FSK
Detection using
PLL
25 24-Sep-18 Digital Modulation BPSK, Coherent T1 Black Board /
Techniques PSK Detection, PPT
QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-
PSK Differential
PSK, QAM .
UNIT-V
26 3-Oct-18 Spread Spectrum Modulation Discuss Spread R1 Black Board /
Spectrum PPT
Modulation and ,
27 8-Oct-18 Code division multiple Direct Sequence R1 Black Board /
access,Ranging using DSSS Spread Spectrum PPT
(DSSS), Code
 Division Multiple
Access

28 10-Oct-18 Frequency hopping spread InterpretRanging R1 Black Board /

spectrum, using PPT
DSSS,Frequency
HoppingSpread
Spectrum.
29 12-Oct-18 PN-sequence Generation and ExplainPN- R1 Black Board /
Characteristics Sequences, PPT
Generation and
Characteristics and
30 22-Oct-18 Synchronization in spread Discuss R1 Black Board /
spectrum systems Synchronization in PPT
Spread Spectrum
Systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Principles Of Communication Systems-Herberet Taub, Donald L Schiling, Goutham saha,3rf
edition, Mc Graw Hill 2008
2. digital and anolog communiation systems- Sam Shanmugam, John Wiley,2005
3. Digital Communications- John G.Proakis, Masoud Salehi – 5th Edition, Mcgraw-Hill, 2008
REFERNCES:
1. Digital communications- Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2005
2. Digital Communications 3rd Ed - I. A.Glover, P. M. Grant, 2nd Edition, Pearson Edu,, 2008
3. Communication Systems ---- B.P.Lathi, BS Publications, 2006
4. A first course in Digital Communication Systems – Nguyen, Shewedyh, Cambridge
5. Digital Communication – Theory, Techniques, and Applications – R.N.Mutagi, 2nd Edition, 2013
8. Assignment Questions
ASSIGNMENT: 1
1. Write the application of PCM
2. Brief notes on Digital communication system
3. Explain about the types of sampling
4. Discuss the Non uniform quantization
5. Explain the working principle of DPCM
ASSIGNMENT: 2
1. Explain the band pass binary data transmission system
2. Write short notes on Error probability of ASK
3. Write short notes on Error probability Of FSK
4. Explain the shan-fano method with an example.
5. Explain the Huffman method method with an example.

9.Sample assignment scripts

10.Unit-wise course material

11. Mid exam question papers

 DEPARTMENT OF ECE
III-B.TECH I SEMESTER – I MID EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: Digital Communication DATE: 04/09/2018
MAX. MARKS: 10 TIME: 02:00-03:30 PM
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS 2*5=10M
1. Explain the model of digital communication systems with neat sketch (CO1)
2. Illustrate the working of DPCM transmitter and receiver with help of
diagrams.(CO1)
3. The generator polynomial of a (7,4) cyclic code is G(P)=p3+p+1.Find any six vectors
the code vectors for the code Systematic form.(CO2)
4. What is matched filter? .Find out the probability error for a matched filter.(CO3)

DEPARTMENT OF ECE
III-B.TECH I SEMESTER – II MID EXAMINATION
SUBJECT: DC DATE:
12/11/2018
MAX. MARKS: 10 TIME: 02:00-
03:30 PM

ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS 2*5=10M

1. Explain about PN-Sequences generation and their characteristics.(CO5)
2. What is meant by Synchronization? Why we require synchronization in spread spectrum? Explain in
detail.(CO5)
3. The bit stream 1011100011 is to be transmitted using DPSK. Determine the encoded sequence and
transmitted phase sequence.(CO4)
4. a) Describe the Inter symbol interference. b) Draw the space representation of BPSK. And also draw its
Waveforms?(CO3)
12. Sample mid answer script (Best, Average & Low)
13.Material collected from Internet/Websites/ PPT’s
14.Websites:-
1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/digital_communications
2. http://www.tmworld.com/archive/2011/20110801.php
3. www.pemuk.com
4. www.site.uottawa.com
5. www.tews.elektronik.com
Journals:- 1. Communicaions Journal
2. Omega online technical reference
3. Review of Scientific techniques
University Questions / Question Bank
Unit: 1
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Explain the simplified Block diagram of an Electronic communication system with the help of
diagram.
2. Explain Shannon & Hartley’s Law.
3. Explain about trade-off between bandwidth and SNR in a communication signal.
4. Define bandwidth .
5. List the advantages of digital communication systems .
6. Examine Aliasing Effect (or) Fold-over distortion? How it can be removed .
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Explain the different types of Sampling .
2. Distinguish between natural sampling and flat top sampling with neat schematics, listing out their
merits and demerits.
3. Explain the principle of working a sample and hold circuit. List out its applications with neat
diagrams.
4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of digital communication system.
5. Explain the Model of Digital Communication Systems with neat diagrams.
Unit: 2
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Construct the ASK and FSK waveforms for 011011 .
2. Sketch the block diagram of ASK generation
3. Examine how does pulse shaping reduce inter symbol interference?
4. Define the probability of error.
5. Explain non coherent detection of Amplitude shift keying.
6. Explain Phase shift keying with relevant equations and waveforms
7. Sketch the block diagram of ASK generation.
8. Explain the Bandwidth, power and energy calculations for PSK signal.
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Explain in detail about
i)FSK
ii)PSK with waveforms and equations
2. a) Explain the demodulation of FSK using coherent detection.
b) Draw the block diagram of QPSK receiver. Distinguish Co-channel interference and Non Co-
channel interference?
3. Explain the generation of PSK signals.
4. Explain Differential phase shift keying modulation with neat block diagram. Draw the wave forms.
5. Explain the working of DPSK modulator and demodulator.
Unit: 3
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is meant by distortion less transmission?
2. Discuss entropy and give the expression for it .
3. Explain the channel capacity theorem.
4. Explain the two properties of Mutual information.
5. State the properties of Entropy .
6. What is entropy? Show that the entropy is maximum when all the symbols are equi probable. Assume
M=2.
7. Define information. Show that information contained by a symbol is inversely proportional to the
probability of that symbol.
8. What is transition probability and when it does it will occur?
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Explain Pulse Shaping for Optimum Transmission
2. Explain A Baseband Signal Receiver.
3. Explain Optimum Receiver
4. Explain Optimal of Coherent Reception
5. Explain Signal Space Representation
6. What is matched filter? Derive the expression for its output SNR.
Unit: 4
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is constraint length of convolution code.
2. List advantages of convolutional codes
3. Discuss the difference between convolutional code and block code.
4. What is sequential decoding?
5. Explain about the Convolutional interleaving.
6. What is the importance of code tree?
7. Define the term trellis in convolution code
8. Discuss maximum-likelihood decoding rule for the binary symmetric channel.
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Explain syndrome decoding for cyclic code expression
2. What is parity check matrix and how it is used?
3. Explain systematic cyclic code generation formula
4. What are minimum distance considerations?
5. Show that the syndrome depends only on the error pattern, and not on the transmitted code word.
6. Show that the minimum distance of a linear block code is equal to the minimum number of rows of
HT that sum to zero.
7. The generator polynomial of (15,11) cyclic code is g(x)= 1+x+x4. Determine the parity polynomial
h(x) of this code
8. Show that if ci and cj are two code vectors in an (n,k) linear block code, then their sum is also a code
vector
Unit: 5
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define spread spectrum communication
2. Explains pseudo noise sequence?
3. Discuss direct sequence spread spectrum modulation
4. What is frequency hap spread spectrum modulation?
5. What is processing gain?
6. State four applications of spread spectrum.
7. When is the PN sequence called as maximal length sequence?
8. Define frequency hopping.
9. List the Advantages of FH-SS System
LONG QUESTIONS
1. Explain the spread spectrum modulation and demodulation.
2. Explain the frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation.
3. Explain the spread spectrum modulation.
4. Explain the frequency hopping spread spectrum modulation.
 5. a) Explain how PN sequences are generated. What are maximal-length sequences? What are their
properties and why are they preferred?
b) With the help of a neat block diagram, explain the working of a DS spread spectrum based CDMA
system.

R13
Code No: 126AN
JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD
B.Tech III Year II Semester Examinations, May - 2016
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)

Max. Marks: 75
Time: 3 Hours
Note: This question paper contains two parts A and B.
Part A is compulsory which carries 25 marks. Answer all questions in Part A.
Part B consists of 5 Units. Answer any one full question from each unit. Each
question carries 10 marks and may have a, b, c as sub questions.

Part- A (25 Marks)

1.a) What are the drawbacks of delta modulation? [2]
b) Explain the need for non-uniform quantization in digital communication. [3]
c) Draw the Signal space Diagram of ASK. [2]
d) List out the Advantages of Pass band Transmission over Baseband transmission. [3]
e) Define Entropy. [2]
f) Derive the Expression for the Information Rate. [3]
g) Explain in one sentence about (i) Block Size (ii) Linear block codes. [2]
h) List out Properties of Cyclic Codes. [3]
i) Briefly explain about “Spread spectrum.” [2]
j) What is Frequency hopping spread spectrum? [3]
PART - B (50 Marks)
2.a) With neat block diagram, Explain the process of Sampling and Quantization in digital
communication.
b) Derive the expression for the Quantization error. [5+5]
OR
3.a) Explain about the noise in PCM systems.
b) Write the comparison between PCM and Analog modulation techniques. [5+5]
4.a) With neat diagrams and equations, explain about PSK system.
b) Draw the space representation of BPSK. And also draw its waveforms? [5+5]
OR
5.a) The bit stream 1011100011 is to be transmitted using DPSK. Determine the encoded
sequence and transmitted phase sequence.
b) Explain about DPSK system. And also give the comparison between DPSK and PSK.
[5+5]
6.a) What is the need of pulse shaping for optimum transmission in baseband transmission?
Explain.
b) What is meant by Cross talk? Explain in detail about the causes for cross talk. [5+5]
OR
7.a) Briefly explain about Variable length coding.
b) Explain in detail about Huffman coding and Lossy source code. [5+5]
 8.a) Write short notes on Hamming codes.
b) Explain about Error detection and Correction capabilities of Hamming codes. [5+5]
OR
9.a) Explain how Parity checking can be used for error detection or error correction.
b) For a linear block code, prove with example that:
i) The Syndrome depends only on error pattern and not on transmitted code word?
ii) All error patterns that differ by a codeword have the same syndrome? [5+5]
10.a) Explain the role of code division multiple access technique in present generation?
b) Give a brief history about direct sequence spread spectrum. [5+5]
OR
11.a) Explain about PN-Sequences generation and their characteristics.
b) What is meant by Synchronization? Why we require synchronization in spread spectrum? Explain
in detail. [5+5]
---ooOoo---
15. Advanced Topics beyond syllabus
16. Course Attainment value for Internal marks
17. Course Attainment value for External marks
18. Final course Attainment
Name of the Subject: Digital Communications Yr/Sem:-III/I
Name of the Faculty: A.KARTHIK
Batch: 2016-
Academic Year: 2018-2019 Branch: ECE-A & B
2020
Course Outcomes(CO) Attainment
Final Direct CO Attainment Final Indirect
Mid 1 Mid Objective Objective Assign- Assign- Intern Universit CO
2 1 2 1 2 al y Attainment
Calculation
CO 1 3 1 3 2.333 3 CO 1 2.34
1
CO 2 3 1 3 2.333 3 CO 2 2.32
9
CO 3 3 3 1 1 3 3 2.333 3 CO 3 2.25
6
CO 4 3 1 3 2.333 3 CO 4 2.42
7
CO 5 2.333 2.34
3 1 3 3 CO 5 1
Attainment 2.333 3.00
Weight age 25% 75%
CO 1 0.58 2.25 Final
CO 2 0.58 2.25 Indirect
Direct Attainment of CO's CO 3 0.58 2.25 Course 2.34
CO 4 0.58 2.25 attainme
CO 5 0.58 2.25 nt
Direct Total Attainment 0.58 2.25
final direct course attainment 2.83
Weightage 80% 20%
Total Attainment 2.27 0.47
Course Attainment 2.73
19.CO to PO Attainment
Course
Outcomes (CO’s)
Program Outcomes (PO’s) PSO’s
PSO PSO PSO
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 1 2 3
C314.1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2

C314.2 3 3 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 3 2 3

C314.3 2 2 2 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 3 2

C314.4 1 2 2 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 1

C314.5 2 2 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 2 2

TOTAL 10 11 10 11 9 5 1 0 0 1 5 1 12 11 10

AVERAGE 2 2.2 2 2.2 1.8 1 0.2 0 0 0.2 1 0.2 2.4 2.2 2

Formula: (1/3*average of PO*course attainment)

PO1 Attainment = (1/3*3*2.73)=2.73

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2 PSO3
CO’s 1.82 2.002 1.82 2.002 1.638 0.91 0.182 0 0 0.182 0.91 0.182 2.184 2.002 1.82

20. Remarks and Recommendations