Ultra Design And research Company

Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory

Consolidation Test On Cohesive Soil

Sub By: Farhad Raoofi

ASTM-D 2435
DATE: 07-04-2016

Herat, Afghanistan
Class Outlines
 Consolidation

 Definition & Introduction

 Type of Consolidations
 One – Dimensional Consolidation Test
 Definitions
 Procedure
 Graphs and results
 Consolidation – Definitions
 Consolidation refers to the compression o
settlement that soil undergo As response of
placing loads on to the ground
 These loads produce corresponding increases
in the vertical effective stress
 Consolidation is a time- dependent process in
some soils it may take long time ( 100 years ? )
to achieve complete settlement.
Consolidation ( Cont. )
During consolidation pore water or the water
voids of saturated clay gets squeezed out –
reducing the volume of the clay _ hence causing
settlement called as consolidation settlement

The spring
analogy to
consolidation
Consolidation ( Cont. )
Types Of Consolidation
 There are three types of consolidation:
 Immediate consolidation; caused by elastic deformation of dry soil
or moist and saturated soil without change in moisture content
 Primary consolidation; caused as a result of volume change in
saturate cohesive soils due to exclusion of water occupied the void
spaces
 Secondary consolidation; occurs in saturated cohesive soils as a
result of the plastic adjustment of soil fabrics
Consolidation Test:

 Two types of consolidometer ( odometer ) commonly used

 Floating – ring
 Fixed ring
 This lab uses fixed ring consolidometer
 ASTM 2435
Laboratory Consolidation Test
Consolidation Test
Laboratory Consolidation Test
Procedure:
Calculation: