EIA Report (DraftFinal) PDF

Consultancy
Services for EIA study for Proposed River Front

Development in Patna
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Sen and Lall Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

July 2013
VOYANTS SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.
403, 4th Floor, BPTP Park Centra,
Sector - 30, NH-8, Gurgaon - 122001
Phone - 0124-4598 200 , Telefax - 0124-4019051
E-mail – info@voyants.in, www.voyants.in
Project : Environmental Impact Assessment Study for proposed river front development
of 20 Ghats along river Ganga in Patna, Bihar
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Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 1

1.1 OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS ................................................................................................. 2
1.3 AIM OF INVESTMENTS ......................................................................................................... 3
1.4 River Front Management Investments, ESMF ........................................................................ 4
1.5 Patna River Front Development .............................................................................................. 4
1.5.1 Proposed Developments ..................................................................................................... 4
1.5.2 Development of Ghats ........................................................................................................ 5
1.5.3 Community cum cultural centres ......................................................................................... 8
1.5.4 Landscape work at Precinct Zones ..................................................................................... 9
1.5.5 City level parks .................................................................................................................. 10
1.5.6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts .............................................................. 10
1.6 Environmental Issues of Patna River Front Development .................................................... 12
1.7 PROPOJECT PROPONENT ................................................................................................ 14
1.8 TECHNICAL CONSULTANT AND ARCHITECT .................................................................. 14
1.9 EIA CONSULTANT ............................................................................................................... 14
1.10 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF EIA.......................................................................................... 13
2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................ 16
2.1 EXISTING GHAT CONDITIONS ........................................................................................... 17
2.2 NEED FOR PATNA RFD ...................................................................................................... 23
2.3 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................................... 23
2.3.1 Development of Ghats ...................................................................................................... 24
2.3.2 Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together ............................ 25
2.3.3 Community cum cultural centres ....................................................................................... 27
2.3.4 Landscape work at Precinct Zones: .................................................................................. 28
2.3.5 City level parks: ................................................................................................................. 29
2.3.6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts .............................................................. 29
2.4 PROJECT LOCATION .......................................................................................................... 31
2.5 ADDITIONAL BENEFIT ........................................................................................................ 34
2.6 PROJECT COST .................................................................................................................. 34
3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ........................ 35
3.1 POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (GOI) ...... 35
3.2 SAFEGUARD POLICIES OF WORLD BANK ....................................................................... 42
4. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................ 44
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4.1 PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA ............................................................................................. 44

4.2 TEAM MOBILIZATION .......................................................................................................... 44
4.3 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SCREENING: ..................................................................... 45
4.4 Project Surroundings ............................................................................................................. 52
4.5 Baseline Data Collection ....................................................................................................... 53
4.5.1 Meteorological environment .............................................................................................. 53
4.5.1.1 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 53
4.5.1.2 Ganga Basin Temperature in Patna.............................................................................. 53
4.5.1.3 Relative Humidity .......................................................................................................... 53
4.5.1.4 Rainfall and Precipitation .............................................................................................. 53
4.5.1.5 Wind Speed ................................................................................................................... 54
4.5.1.6 Wind Direction ............................................................................................................... 54
4.5.2 Physical environment ........................................................................................................ 54
4.5.2.1 Topography ................................................................................................................... 54
4.5.2.2 Geology ......................................................................................................................... 55
4.5.2.3 Land use ........................................................................................................................ 56
4.5.2.4 Physiography and Soil .................................................................................................. 58
4.5.2.5 Seismicity ...................................................................................................................... 59
4.5.2.6 Hydrology and Drainage ............................................................................................... 60
4.5.2.7 Soil Quality .................................................................................................................... 61
4.5.2.8 Ambient Air Quality........................................................................................................ 62
4.5.2.9 Noise Levels .................................................................................................................. 63
4.5.2.10 Water Quality................................................................................................................. 64
4.5.3 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY...................................................................................... 66
4.5.3.1 Forest Resource ............................................................................................................ 66
4.5.3.2 Terrestrial Ecology ........................................................................................................ 70
4.5.3.3 Aquatic Ecology............................................................................................................. 77
4.5.3.3.1 Aquatic Profile of the Project Area ................................................................................ 77
4.5.3.4 Dolphins Habitat in Project Affected Area: .................................................................... 81
4.6 Traffic survey ......................................................................................................................... 88
5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................. 89
5.1 Technology Benefits .............................................................................................................. 99
6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ..... 100
6.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 100
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING EXERCISE: .................................................................. 100
6.2.1 Environmental Factors: ................................................................................................... 100
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6.2.2 Social Factors:................................................................................................................. 100

6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
102
6.3.1 Meteorology and Climate ................................................................................................ 102
6.3.2 Quarries and Crushers .................................................................................................... 102
6.3.3 Cultural and Heritage Resources: ................................................................................... 103
6.3.4 Loss of Structures ........................................................................................................... 104
6.3.5 Generation of Dust: ......................................................................................................... 104
6.3.6 Sanitation and Waste Generation: .................................................................................. 104
6.3.7 Drainage Channel: .......................................................................................................... 105
6.3.8 Loss of vegetation and tree cutting: ................................................................................ 105
6.3.9 Impacts on Dolphin: ........................................................................................................ 105
6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES-OPERATION STAGE....... 106
6.4.1 Environmental Impact: .................................................................................................... 106
6.4.2 Mitigation Measure Proposed in Project: ........................................................................ 109
6.4.3 RISK ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY MEASURES: ........................................................ 111
7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION ............................................ 116
7.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 116
7.2 Methods of Public Consultation........................................................................................... 116
7.3 Consultation with affected households ............................................................................... 117
8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................... 128
8.1 Specific activities by BUIDCo .............................................................................................. 128
8.2 Specific activities by Contractor .......................................................................................... 128
8.3 Implementation of EMP ....................................................................................................... 129
8.4 Environmental Monitoring Program .................................................................................... 140
8.4.1 Monitoring of Concessionaire / Contractor's Facilities, Plant and Equipment ............ 140
8.5 Environmental Budget ......................................................................................................... 140
9. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................... 147
List of Tables
Table 1-1 : Portfolio of Investments ........................................................................................................ 3

Table 1-2 : List of Ghats .......................................................................................................................... 5
Table 2-1 : Proposed Ghats for development ....................................................................................... 24
Table 2-2 : Proposed Project Cost ........................................................................................................ 34
Table 3-1 : Environmental Regulations and Legislations ...................................................................... 36
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Table 4-1 : Environment and Social Screening for River Front Development ...................................... 45
Table 4-2:Proposed Ghats for Developments along river Ganga in Ganga Ghats .............................. 52
Table 4-3 :Rainfall and Temperature at Patna in Ganga Basin ............................................................ 54
Table 4-4 :Land Use Pattern along Ganga river basin ......................................................................... 56
Table 4-5: Soil Quality Analysis of Proposed Project Site .................................................................... 62
Table 4-6: Ambient Air Quality within study area .................................................................................. 63
Table 4-7: Ambient Noise Level within study area ................................................................................ 64
Table 4-8: Surface Water Quality Analysis Results .............................................................................. 65
Table 4-9:: List of National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary located in Bihar ............................................. 68
Table 4-10: List of trees reported in the project affected area .............................................................. 72
Table 4-11: List of Avifauna reported in inner buffer zone .................................................................... 75
Table 4-12: Species of fishes reported in the study area ..................................................................... 86
Table 4-13: Traffic Count Survey at Project Influence Area ................................................................. 88
Table 5-1: With and Without Project Scenario ...................................................................................... 92
Table 6-1: Outcome of Environment and Social Screening ................................................................ 100
Table 6-2: Carrying Capacity Calculation for each of project ghats.................................................... 112
Table 7-1: Levels of Consultations ...................................................................................................... 116
Table 8-1: Environment Management Plan ........................................................................................ 130
Table 8-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan .......................................................................................... 142
Table 8-3: Environmental Budget ....................................................................................................... 144
List of Figures
Figure 2.1: Artists view of Golaghar Patna ........................................................................................... 16

Figure 2.2: Sanitation issues along the ghats ....................................................................................... 18
Figure 2.3: Slums at edge of river Ganga ............................................................................................. 19
Figure 2.4: Gandhi Ghat (the only developed ghat at moment)............................................................ 19
Figure 2.5: Adalat Ghat Edge Condition Analysis (Boulder pitching at the edges) .............................. 21
Figure 2.6:Edge condition Analysis in Krishna Ghat ............................................................................. 22
Figure 2.8: Urban Precincts proposed .................................................................................................. 26
Figure 2.9: Design of Urban Precinct (3D-View) ................................................................................... 26
Figure 2.10:View of ghats after the proposed development of urban precinct ..................................... 27
Figure 2.11:Proposed Community cum Eco-centre at Gai ghat ........................................................... 28
Figure 2.12:Restoring the riparian edge and landscaping .................................................................... 29
Figure 2.13:Proposed approach road development of Gai ghat ........................................................... 30
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Figure 2.14:Project Location ................................................................................................................. 32

Figure 2.15:Landuse along project ghats .............................................................................................. 33
Figure 4.1:Direct Project Influence Area (DPIA) ................................................................................... 44
Figure 4.2:Geological Map of Ganga Basin .......................................................................................... 55
Figure 4.3:Landuse Aspects along the Ganga ghat section in Patna ................................................... 56
Figure 4.4: DEM Map along the project section in Ganag ghat section in Patna ................................. 57
Figure 4.5: Land Use along the stretch of river bank to be developed under RFD project in Patna .... 57
Figure 4.6: Physiographic map of Bihar along the river Ganga ............................................................ 58
Figure 4.7: Seismic Hazard Map showing the Project Area (Ganga Ghats) ........................................ 59
Figure 4.8:Seismic Zonation Map of India ............................................................................................ 60
Figure 4.9:River Map of Bihar ............................................................................................................... 60
Figure 4.10: Drainage Map of Project Area (Ganga Ghats City) .......................................................... 61
Figure 4.11: Discharge of Raw Sewage in Ganga river from various points ........................................ 66
Figure 4.12: Forest cover map of Bihar ................................................................................................ 67
Figure 4.13: Location of National Park & Sanctuary of Bihar .............................................................. 69
Figure 4.14: Photograph of Flora reported in Riparian Habitat ............................................................. 71
Figure 4.15: Photographs of Trees Reported at Ghat Area .................................................................. 74
Figure 4.16:Photograph of Animal Reported in study area ................................................................... 77
Figure 4.17: Map showing Ganga River and its Tributaries .................................................................. 78
Figure 4.18: Dolphins Movement in Project Study Area ....................................................................... 82
Figure 4.19: Location were Dolphins are reported ................................................................................ 84
Figure 4.20: Location of Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphins Sanctuary with respect to project site .......... 85
Figure 4.21: Photographs of Species of Fishes reported during primary survey .................................. 87
Figure 6.1:Cultural Resources along river Ganga .............................................................................. 103
Figure 6.2: Dolphins Movement .......................................................................................................... 105
Figure 6.3:Disposal of Pious Refuse ................................................................................................... 107
List of Annexures
Annexure1.1: Guidelines for Existing Quarry Management
Annexure1.2: Guidelines for Siting, Operation and Redevelopment of Borrow Areas
Annexure 1.3: Guidelines for Siting and Layout of Construction Camp
Annexure 1.4: Specific R&R Measures
Annexure 1.5: Drawings for Safety Measures
Annexure 1.6: Replies to the observations of NMCG and World Bank
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ACRONYMS
B.C Before Christ
BUIDCo Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
EP Environment Protection
ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment
ESMF Environment and Social Management Framework
ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan
FGD Focus Group Discussion
GAP Ganga Action Plan
GoI Government of India
MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority
NGO Non- Government Organization
NPRR National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation
NP National Park
OP Operational Policy
PMG Program Management Group
R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation Framework
SC Supervision Consultant
SPMG Special Program Management Group
ULB Urban Local Body
WB World Bank
WLPA Wild Life Protection Act
WLS Wild Life Sanctuary
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1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND
River Ganga has a significant economic, environmental and cultural value in India. Rising in the
Himalayas and flowing into the bay of Bengal, the river traverses through a course of more than
2500km in the plains of north and eastern India. The Ganga basin (which also extends into parts of
Nepal, China and Bangladesh) accounts for about 26 percent of India’s landmass, 30 percent of its
water resources and more than 40 percent of its population. Ganga is India’s holiest river and has a
cultural and spiritual significance that far transcends the boundaries of the basin.
Figure 1. 1The Gangaand its spirituality
Increasing population in the basin and haphazard urbanization and industrial growth has significantly
impacted the water quality of river Ganga, particularly during the dry season. The primary sources of
pollution are untreated sewage and industrial wastewater. Non-point pollution sources from agriculture
and livestock, religious activities at various locations along the river, as well as poor solid waste
management, also contribute to pollution. In addition, substantial abstraction of water, primarily for
irrigation, has led to low flows and associated poor water quality in the critical middle stretch of the
river.
The previous attempt to clean the river, such as Ganga Action Plan (GAP) launched in 1985 have
provided some gains in arresting rate of water quality degradation, but lot more needs to be done.
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Lessons from earlier experience indicate that improving water quality in the Ganga cannot be
achieved by plugging the infrastructure gap alone. Any effective initiative will have to adopt a three-
pronged approach by (i) establishing a basin-level multi-sectoral strategy for addressing pollution in
the river (ii) making relevant institutions operational and effective and (iii) implementing a phased
program for Ganga clean up.
As a major first step in this direction, the Government of India (GoI) has established the National
Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) for comprehensive management of the river. The NGRBA
program will adopt a river basin approach and has been given multi-sectoral mandate to address both
water quantity and quality aspects. The NGRBA has resolved that by year 2020 no untreated
municipal sewage or industrial effluent will be discharged into river Ganga.
1.1 OBJECTIVE
The NGRBA program will finance infrastructure investments to reduce pollution loads at priority on the
river. The investments are intended to exemplify, among other attributes, the high standards of
technical preparation and implementation, sustainability of operations and public participation. The
majority of investments in the NGRBA program are expected to be in the wastewater sector,
particularly in wastewater treatment plants and sewerage networks. Investments will also be
supported in industrial pollution control and prevention (e.g. common effluent treatment plants), and
river front management (e.g. improvement of the built environment along river stretches,
1
improvements of small ghats and electric crematoria and the conservation and preservation of
ecologically sensitive sites). Many investments are likely to combine elements of more than one of
these sectors.An investment framework has been finalized for the selection of program investments.
The objectives of this investments framework are to:
 Provide a filter for all the NGRBA investments, for ensuring that the selected investments are
well-prepared and amongst the most effective in reducing the pollution loads
 Make transparent the decision making process on investment selection; and,
 Ensure that the investments are implemented in a sustainable manner.
1.2 PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS
The portfolio of investments to be implemented is given in table 1.1. These investments in the first
phase of program is spread across several cities and/or towns within Ganga main stem states of
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal and may be extended to entire
Ganga river basin comprising of 11 states in the later phases.
1
As used in many parts of Northern South Asia and in Indian Subcontinent, the term ghat refers to a series of steps leading
down to a body of water, particularly a holy river. In Bengali-speaking regions, this set of stairs can lead down to something as
small as a pond or as large as a major river.
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Table 1-1 : Portfolio of Investments
S.No Portfolio of Possible portfolio components

Investments
1 Sewerage and  Provision of an entirely new sewerage network including individual
sanitation house connections
systems/sewage  Extensions to existing sewerage networks in some parts of
treatment plants cities/towns to include areas which are un sewered hitherto or to newly
(new/up developed areas in the recent years
gradation)  Entirely new sewage treatment plants/facility
 Augmentation of capacities in existing sewage treatment plant/facility
 Remodeling/Renovation of existing sewage treatment facilities,
resulting in better effluent quality and augmented treatment capacity
2 Solid Waste  Engineered landfills with leachate collection and treatment systems
Management  Waste segregation and composting facilities
 Waste Processing or Waste to Energy Facilities
3 Industrial Pollution  Common effluent treatment plant
Control Initiatives  Common hazardous waste management facilities
 Pilot treatment facilities for various industrial sectors
 Waste minimization and Clean technology program
4 River front  River front management and beautification
Management  Construction of bathing ghats
initiatives  Development of crematoria, situated on river banks
1.3 AIM OF INVESTMENTS
The portfolio of investments are aimed at preventing the discharge of untreated sewage into river
Ganga and thus aiding abatement of river water pollution and improvement in water quality.
Consequently, this also contributes to the improvement in the status of environment health and
sanitation for the citizens of the concerned cities and towns. The investments to be implemented have
its own beneficial as well as adverse impacts. The significance of these impacts depends on the
individual project, its size and location. The likely beneficial impacts of the investments include the
following:
 Improvement in sewage collection and treatment within the cities/towns;

 Prevention of storm drains carrying sanitary sullage or dry weather flow;
 Prevention of ground water and soil pollution due to infiltration of untreated liquid waste;
 Prevention of discharge of untreated sewage into river Ganga;
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 Improvement in water quality of river;

 Improvement in environmental sanitation health and reduction in associated health hazards
within cities/towns;
 Improvement in quality of life, human dignity and increased productivity;
 Reduced nuisance of open defecation due to low cost sanitation and reduced malarial risks
and other health hazards and vector borne diseases; and,
 Improved community participation and sense of ownership
1.4 River Front Management Investments
River front management is one of the portfolios of investment to be taken up under NGRBA mandate.
River front management under NGRBA mandate includes:
 River front development schemes;

 Beautification of river banks;
 Construction of bathing ghats along rivers;
 Improvement of lakes and water bodies
 Redevelopment of cremation ground
These river front management works would be included under one investment. The requirement of
land for these works is moderate and much lesser than that is required for other NGRBA investments
like sewage treatment or solid waste treatment facility. Although, these facilities are frequently used
by the citizens, the location of these investments will not generally involve displacement of people.
The proposed Patna River Front Development (RFD) is part of the River front management
investments under NGRBA.
1.5 Patna River Front Development
1.5.1 Proposed Developments
The proposed Patna river front development project would involve the following projects:
 Development of 20 ghats (from Anta ghat to Naujar ghat including change room);
 Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together);
 Community cum cultural centres;
 Landscape work in the precinct zones;
 City level parks; and,
 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts
 Development of Crematoria in Gulvi Ghat to an electric crematoria
 Development of interceptor drain (total 8 nos.)
 Sulabh Toilet Complex
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Details of the developments are given below:
1.5.2 Development of Ghats
The proposed 20 ghats considered to be developed under this project given in table 1.2 and shown in
figure 1.2 respectively.
Table 1-2 : List of Ghats
Ghat Names
Anta ghat B.N. College ghat
Adalat ghat Mishri ghat
T.N. Banerjee ghat Krishna ghat
Baharwa ghat Rani ghat
Ghagha ghat Raushan ghat
Choudharytola ghat Pathri ghat
Alamgaunj ghat Naurwa ghat
Hanuman ghat Raja ghat
Gai ghat Bhadra ghat
Mahavir ghat Naujar ghat
Figure 1.2 Potential of ghat as a public Space
Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together)
The proposed development of promenades are given below and shown in figure 1.3 and 1.4:
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Name of Connected Ghats

Precinct
Precinct-I Collectorate ghat Anta ghat B.N.College ghat Mahendru ghat
till Adalat ghat
Precinct-II Adalat ghat To Gandhi ghat
Precinct-III Gandhi ghat to Rani ghat
Precinct-IV Bhadra ghat Mahavir ghat Naujar ghat
Figure 1. 3 Urban Precincts proposed
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Figure 1. 4 Design of Urban Precinct (3D-View)
After the development of the urban precincts the view of a ghat is shown in figure 1.5.
Figure 1. 5: View of ghats after the proposed development of urban precinct
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1.5.3 Community cum cultural centres
Three number of community cum culture centres are proposed as given below and shown in figure
1.6.
 Community cum Eco Centre at Collectorate ghat: This centre is facilitated with community
landscape court with sit out, eco-centre cum meeting hall, café sitting in the second floor. The
total built up area would be 2014 sq.m.
 Community cum cultural Centre at Bhadra ghat: This centre will be facilitated with food court
and community hall and children centre, multi purpose hall for dance and performance and a
promenade view café. The total built up area would be 1273 sq.m.
 Dolphin Research Centre at Gai ghat:In the ground floor there will be research centre and in
st
the 1 floor there will be exhibition hall. The total built up area would be 950 sq.m
 Café at Patna College: This centre will be facilitated with café in the ground floor, Reading
st nd
room and kids reading area in the 1 floor and Amphitheatre and viewing deck in the 2 floor.
The proposed built up area is 381 sq.m
 Audio-Visual theatre at Gandhi ghat: This centre is facilitated with café in the ground floor,
st nd
audio-visual hall in the 1 floor, amphitheater and viewing deck in the 2 floor. Toal built up
area 381 sq.m.
Figure 1. 6: Proposed Community cum Eco-centre at Gai ghat
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1.5.4 Landscape work at Precinct Zones
The proposal has also put forward a framework to integrate landscape in to the existing river edge
design. The landscape design has listed criteria like edge restoration, bio-diversity for wildlife,
methods for carbon reduction , providing Larger open space for people for rituals, activity and
exercise, walks, workshops, seminars, shade areas for people, concepts of bio-degradable garbage,
flood control through land scape engineering and environmental education.
The development on the river edge has to be of a kind that does n’t harm the river ecology.The design
solution is a sustainable process. Steps have been taken to put in place on the promenade
networkofwastedisposal.Thetexturesanduseofmaterialbesuchthatitwouldbegreenandenvironmentfrien
dly.
Landscape work has been proposed in four (4) number of precinct zones as given below and shown
in figure 1.7:
Precinct Landscape Work Landscape Work Landscape Work

Precinct-I Collectorate ghat to Anta ghat Anta ghat to B.N B.N College ghat to
college ghat Mahendru ghat
Precinct-II Mishri ghat to T.N Banerjee ghat T.N Banerjee ghat to
Kali ghat
Precinct-III Gandhi ghat to Bharva ghat Bharva ghat to Law Rani ghat to Gulvi ghat
college ghat
Precinct-IV Gai ghat to Naujar ghat
The proposal under the landscape works at the precinct zones will include the following aspects:
 Riparian edge restoration, planting long edge for biodiversity of wild life, carbon reduction,
nutrient exchange along edge
 Large open space to facilitate people for rituals, activity and exercise, walks, workshops,
seminars, shade areas for people
 Nitrogen and Phosphrous reduction through bio-filtration phytorid (from NEERI-CSIR India)
from sewage filled discharge
 Solid waste management through in-situ aerobic composting (for bio-degradable waste)
 Flood control through landscape engineering permanent and temporary
 Environmental education
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Figure 1. 7: Restoring the riparian edge and landscaping
1.5.5 City level parks
2 nos. of city level parks are proposed respectively at Patna College ghat and Gai ghat
1.5.6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts
Following approach roads are proposed for improvement:
 Approach road to precinct-I

 Approach road to precinct-II
 Approach road to precinct-III
 Approach road to precinct-IV
 Approach road to Krishna ghat
 Approach road to Choudurytola ghat
 Approach to Pathri ghat
 Approach to Gai ghat
 Approach to Raja ghat
A schematic view of proposed development of approach road is given in figure 1.8.
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Figure 1. 8: Proposed approach road development of Gai ghat
1.5.7 Development of Electric Cremetoria at Gulvi Ghat
At present the present crematoria uses wood as burning material. This electric crematoria will help in
reducing the wood consumption and next it would give more burning facilities. This electric crematoria
would help in burning 30 dead bodies in a day.
1.5.8 Development of Sulabh Toilet Complex
Sulabh toilet complex are proposed at 3 locations as part of the project namely at Collectorate Ghat,
Anta Ghat and Bhadra Ghat. Nearly 600 people are expected to use each of these toilets in a day.
1.5.9 Development of Interceptor Drain
The project also envisagesto improve interceptor drains to capture the sewage getting directly
disposed to Ganga from the building along the ghat and then finally dispose them off at a city sewer
manual to divert the same to a STP. A total 8 such interceptor drains are being proposed.
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1.5.10 Environmental Awareness
The proposed river front development has potential to become one of the recreational and cultural
hub of the city and can emerge as lively urban face. This can transform the water front areas from
marginal use and connect to main stream, public activity etc. Once such public place is being
developed then the necessary environmental awareness and citizen’s responsibility towards the
cleanliness of river Ganga is expected to be developed along with increase of tourism. It is expected
that the proposed river front development in Patna would enhance the environmental awareness
specifically addressing (i) sanitation issues, (ii) prevent disposal of untreated sewage from the houses
adjoining the ghats, (iii) prevent uncontrolled disposal of solid waste in the river, (iv) ecological
awareness among people and among the fishermen specifically regarding Ganga Dolphin and (v)
Open Defecation. The Project also expected to generate awareness among the pilgrims along with
various line department health, safety and environmental issues during festivals like Chath
and“Ganga Arati”.
1.6 Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF)
An ESMF has been developed for all the NGRBA portfolios of investments. According to ESMF, no
such adverse or negative impacts are expected from river front management works until there are
no major interferences in the river flow channel hydraulics which can trigger erosion and siltation
issues either in situ or elsewhere along the course of the river. Impacts due to such investments could
be minimized or mitigated by appropriate interventions and engineering designs.
The ESMF of NGRBA for river front management work envisages following Environmental issues in
general:
 Change in land use and drainage pattern

 Change in channel hydraulics, triggering erosion and siltation problems either at in situ or
elsewhere along the course of river
 Impact due to inadequate solid and liquid waste disposal arrangements
 Impact due to inadequate sanitation , health and safety facilities
 Impact on river water quality due to proposed amenities
 Impact on environmental aesthetics and cultural values
However in Patna RFD, the project has been envisaged to take care of the issues in the design stage
itself. For example the ecological edge restoration work, development of land scape actually helps in
improving the present situation of drainage pattern. The project also envisaged to provide
management of solid and liquid waste expected to generate from the project and thereby improving
the river water quality.
The project also provides various benefits due to such river front development such as:
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 Ensuring more safe environment for bathing for children and older people with the
implementation of life guard and guard rails;
 Opportunities for employment for people who will operate kiosks and other informal economic
activities due to development of the ghats as an open public place to the people of Patna;
 More efficient management of solid waste and sewerage generated along project ghats;and,
 Improvement of safety measures with deployment of efficient exit routes during religious
gatherings along the project ghats.
1.7 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF EIA
The present Patna RFD project will be implemented by NGRBA and for that assistance has been
sought from World Bank. According to screening study (given in details in chapter-4) and as per
NGRBA’s framework the project falls under high impact category and hence an EIA study is required
along with specific EMP. Also as per World Bank’s safeguard policy (OP: 4.01: Environment
Assessment) an Environmental Assessment may be required if the proposed development work
envisages to have some impact (adverse or positive) to surrounding environment.
The scope of the EIA study has been finalized based upon the project screening and categorization
and is given below:
 Project screening and scoping;

 Project categorization considering the OP: 4.01 (Environment Assessment);
 Detailed assessment of natural habitats in the river and its riparian areas;
 Assessment of water quality along the river stretch both through secondary and primary data
generation;
 Preparation of study area maps for an immediate vicinity of 200m-1km from either side of the
river through satellite imagery to understand the details of vegetation and potential of siltation.
 Aquatic Ecological assessment of the river at various taxonomy levels for the stretch of ghat
development program;
 Assessment of existing sewage disposal and proposed improvement mechanism for
restricting sewage and other trade effluent disposal (if any) in to the ghat development
section;
 Assessment of proposed Solid Waste Management System as part of the proposed
development;
 Assessment of possible impact on river bed due to the proposed engineering measures for
ghat development and possible management measures (if any);
 Assessment of physical and cultural Resources along the project stretch and assessment of
potential beneficial and adverse impact on such resources from the project;
 Assessment of possible Environmental Quality measures and monitoring mechanism;
 Assessment of possible Environment Management measures and cost;
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1.8 PROPOJECT PROPONENT
National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) is the project proponent for this project.
1.9 TECHNICAL CONSULTANT AND ARCHITECT
M/s Sen and Lall Consultants Pvt. Ltd. is the technical consultant for this project and M/s NilaA
Architecture and Urban Design is the architect consultant for this project for the proposed river front
development in Patna including development of 20 ghats, promenade including kiosks, community
cum cultural centre, landscape work in the precinct zones, city level parks and development of
approach road to the ghats.
1.10 EIA CONSULTANT
M/s Voyants Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is the EIA consultant for the project.
1.11 STRUCTURE OF EIA
The present EIA report is has been arranged in following chapters.
Chapter- 1 Introduction
This chapter describes briefly describes the project, NGRBA
Portfolios of Investments, the ESMF and need of EIA study.
Chapter- 2 Project Description

In the chapter the existing conditions of the ghats and proposed
developments taken under the projects are described along with the
cost summary of total investment under Patna RFD
Chapter- 3 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework

This Chapter captures the policy and legal framework of government
of India as well the policies of World Bank that are applicable to the
project.
Chapter-4 Description of Environment

Description of the baseline environmental condition including the
baseline conditions of river water quality, terrestrial and aquatic
ecology, air, noise and soil quality are briefly described in this
chapter.
Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternative

This chapter describes the alternatives considered in the project
towards improving the project.
Chapter-6 Environmental Impacts and Assessment

This chapter provides details of the potential impacts from the project
on various environmental factors and mitigation measures proposed
for the construction and operation stage
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Chapter-7 Public Consultation

This chapter briefly describes the consultation measures carried out
with the various sections of common public in and around the project
area and the suggestions provided under the consultation are
documented.
Chapter-8 Environmental Management Plan

This chapter envisages the requirement of Environmental
Management Plan including the monitoring and supervision
framework for the implementation of EMP along with the budget for
implementing EMP.
Chapter-9 Conclusion and Recommendation

This chapter provides the conclusion about the implementation of the
project and provides necessary recommendations.
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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A detailed project report on riverfront revitalization is being prepared to enhance the potential of
Patna’s riveredge infrastructure and future decade. This is anunprecedented opportunity to create
new public realm facing towards the river that is strongly connected to the city’s urban fabric. The
report outlines a set of urban strategies that form the larger civic vision to the water front in the city
and illustrates the detail proposal in ghat precincts.
Our attempt has been to provide proposal that

workscollaborativelywithArchitectureandEngineering,UrbandesignandEcologyandLandscapeDesign.T
hestudyspannedoveralengthof7kmofthewaterfrontstartingatCollectorateghatanddowntherivertillGanga
Setuandbeyond upto Naujar ghat.
Figure 2.1: Artists view of Golaghar Patna
The history of Patna spans three millennia and has the distinction of being associated with two most
ancient religions of the world, namely, Buddhism and Jainism. The state has seen the rise and fall of
mighty empires of the Mauryas and the Guptas. The Patna was originally known as Patliputra in the
Mauryan empire. From this city the famed emperor Chandragupta ruled a vast empire from Bay of
Bengal to Afghanistan.
This state has also produced several eminent world class scholars namely:
 Aryabhatt-Famous mathematician and astronomers

 Chanakya-Master of State Craft and Guru of Chandragupta Maurya
It is believed that Patliputra was among the largest cities of the world between 300 and 195B.C.
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ThemightyriverGangesisanintrinsicpartof lifeofPatna.
Thisbeinganhistoricalcitythesettlementsstartedrightafter river’sbankedgeandconsequentlytheriver’sedge
remainedunattended.Thegreatpotentialof riverfrontdevelopmenteludedthe
peopleofPatna.NowwiththisdecisionofBiharGovt.todeveloptheGangariverfront,a greatopportunityfor
Urbantransformationofcityhas emerged. The benefitsofthisriverfrontdevelopmentare
immense.Afewsalientbenefits arespecifiedbelow.
The spread of Patna along river Ganga The spread of Patna city in and around Gandhi
Maidan
Celebration of religious festivals:
The famous ChhathPuja of Eastern India is celebrated in Patna with great gaiety on river Ganga’s
banks. More than five lakhs devotees offer Puja to Sun God on the occasion of Chhath Puja in the
month of October. On this occasion lakhs of people trek to Ganges and after holy dip in the Ganges
worship Sun God.
Recently Ganga Aarti has started at 2 nos. ghats, namely Gandhi ghat and Bhadra ghat. The Tourism
Department is conducting these on weekly basis and already has emerged an attractive weekly event
of city. Such programs can create enormous awareness for cleanliness of river Ganges.
2.1 EXISTING GHAT CONDITIONS
During the visit of the project team of VSPL to assess the existing conditions of the ghats the following
point emerges:
 Sanitation: At present the existing facilities at the ghats are quite poor. Practically there is no
change room or toilet facility in the ghats. Disposal of raw sewage from buildings, slums are
very common along with open defecation along the edge. Further there are dairy units along
the ghat the waste is directly disposed to river Ganga (Refer Figure 2.2).
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Disposal of sewage from building lines along Domesticated animal and dairy units along ghat,
ghat to river ganga disposal of animal waste to river Ganga
Open Defecation along edges of river Ganga Direct disposal of solid waste from the
slum/colnies along the river bank into river Ganga
Figure 2.2: Sanitation issues along the ghats
 Festivals and Safety: The ghats are neither big enough to accommodate thousands of
Devotees during Chhat festival. There are high chances of accident if any mishap happens
th
with the devotees. In fact the same thing happened on 19 of November 2012 when during
Chatt festival 17 people killed due to stampede at the Adalatgaunj Ghat in Patna.
 Encroachments: Illegal colonies, slums and encroachment are observed along the ghat
especially to name Bhadra ghat where high density of slum observed. The colonies are
developed so close to the bank that during monsoon chances of drowning and unsafe
condition prevails. (Refer figure 2.3).
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Figure 2.3: Slums at edge of river Ganga
 Safety issues during Night time: There are hardly any light in the ghats making it really
unsafe to women and general public as well. Women are not seen in the ghats after 4 p.m. On
the contrary at Gandhi Ghatwhich has been developed for recreational purpose notices
presence of women even after 9 p.m. This shows that if there is proper ghat developed people
will use it.
Figure 2.4:Gandhi Ghat (the only developed ghat at moment)
 Edge Restoration:. Stone pitching has been observed along the river bank. This is a practice
being done to restore the banks from erosion but it does not exist more than 2-3 years and
every time such types of edge restoration work without any kind of landscaping or green area
reduces the ecological activities in the river edges and thus impacts the food chain (Figure 2.4)
 Unsafe Ghats-No clear entry exit route: At present the ghats are very narrow and each step
height are very steep (avg. 10-13 inch) especially as observed in Mishri Ghat. Almost all the
ghats do have some temple and devotees go for puja. The steep steps may be ok for youth
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and adult but for children, women and aged persons these kind of steps are not very safe
option. Further the steps are slippery due to water and may cause accident.
Further, there is no such demarked entry or exit route to the ghats from the banks which also
create lot of unsafe condition during mass gathering like chatt festival etc.
 Present Initiative of Bihar Government: It would also be very pertinent to mention that at
present the river front development/ management report has been worked upon from
Collectorate ghat only. The reason is that till last year Ganges course had swerved away from
Patna City and rejoined at Collectorate ghat only. Form here the river again runs along the city
river banks.
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Project : Environmental Impact Assessment Study for proposed river front development of 20 Ghats along river Ganga in Patna, Bihar
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Figure 2.5:Adalat Ghat Edge Condition Analysis (Boulder pitching at the edges)
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Figure 2.6:Edge condition Analysis in Krishna Ghat
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2.2 NEED FOR PATNA RFD
Development of River front has emerged as lively Urban Core of cities - their socio-cultural, and
recreation centres. Patna is also trying to improve the waterfront use from marginal and neglect into
the mainstream of public life. Today everyone recognizes the value of waterfronts for recreation and
ecological reasons. Projects for improvement of river water quality by preventing disposal of sewage
directly into the river by collection of sewage and its treatment before disposal into water body are
being prepared separately.
After several discussions with the government agencies and NGRBA the need for the river front
development in Patna along river Ganga was taken in to consideration mainly for the following reasons:
Upgradation of Ghats acutely needed:
At present the existing facilities at the ghats are quite poor. Practically there is no change room or toilet
facility in the ghats. The ghats are also not big enough to accommodate thousands of Devotees during
Chhat festival. There is hardly any ghat where Visitors to Patna can go for an enjoyable glimpse of river
Ganges.
Environmentalawareness:
adjoin the ghats, (iii) prevent uncontrolled disposal of solid waste in the river, (iv) ecological
Open Defecation. The Project also expected to generate awareness among the pilgrims as well as
with the line department regarding the health, safety and environmental issues during mass gathering
of people during famous chatt festival and “Ganga Arati” along Ganga ghats.
Ghats Landscaping :
Atpresentonly stone pitching work has been observed along the banks which are generally need to
be repeated for every 2-3 years of time. This generally reduces the ecological activities along the
banks.
The proposed project is proposed with ecological edge restoration work along the banks.
2.3 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTS
The proposed Patna river front development project would involve the following projects:
 Development of 20ghats (from Anta ghat to Naujar ghat including change room);
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 Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together);

 Community cum cultural centres;
 Landscape work in the precinct zones;
 City level parks; and,
 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts
 Development of Crematoria in Gulvi Ghat to an electric crematoria
 Development of interceptor drain (total 8 nos.)
 Sulabh Toilet Complex
Details of the developments are given below:
2.3.1 Development of Ghats
The proposed 20ghats considered to be developed under this project given in table 2.1 and shown in
figure 2.2 respectively.
Table 2-1 : Proposed Ghats for development
Ghat Names
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Figure 2.7 Potential of ghat as a public Space
2.3.2 Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together)
The proposed development of promenades are given below and shown in figure 2.7 and 2.8:
Name of Connected Ghats

Precinct
Precinct-I Collectorate ghat Anta ghat B.N.College ghat Mahendru ghat

till Adalat ghat
Precinct-II Adalat ghat To Gandhi ghat
Precinct-III Gandhi ghat to Rani ghat
Precinct-IV Bhadra ghat Mahavir ghat Naujar ghat
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Figure 2.8: Urban Precincts proposed
Figure 2. 9: Design of Urban Precinct (3D-View)
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After the development of the urban precincts the view of a ghat is shown in figure 2.10.
Figure 2.9:View of ghats after the proposed development of urban precinct
2.3.3 Community cum cultural centres
Three number of community cum culture centres are proposed as given below and shown in figure
2.11.
 Community cum Eco Centre at Collectorate ghat: This centre is facilitated with community
landscape court with sit out, eco-centre cum meeting hall, café sitting in the second floor. The
total built up area would be 2014 sq.m.
 Community cum cultural Centre at Bhadra ghat: This centre will be facilitated with food court
and community hall and children centre, multi purpose hall for dance and performance and a
promenade view café. The total built up area would be 1273 sq.m.
 Dolphin Research Centre at Gai ghat:In the ground floor there will be research centre and in
st
the 1 floor there will be exhibition hall. The total built up area would be 950 sq.m
 Café at Patna College: This centre will be facilitated with café in the ground floor, Reading
st nd
room and kids reading area in the 1 floor and Amphitheatre and viewing deck in the 2 floor.
The proposed built up area is 381 sq.m
 Audio-Visual theatre at Gandhi ghat: This centre is facilitated with café in the ground floor,
st nd
audio-visual hall in the 1 floor, amphitheater and viewing deck in the 2 floor. Total built up
area 381 sq.m.
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Figure 2.10:Proposed Community cum Eco-centre at Gai ghat
2.3.4 Landscape work at Precinct Zones:
The proposal has also put forward a framework to integrate landscape in to the existing river edge
design. The landscape design has listed criteria like edge restoration, bio-diversity for wildlife,
methods for carbon reduction , providing Larger open space for people for rituals, activity and
exercise, walks, workshops, seminars, shade areas for people, concepts of bio-degradable garbage,
flood control through land scape engineering and environmental education.
The development on the river edge has to be of a kind that doesn’t harm the river ecology. The design
solution is a sustainable process. Steps have been taken to put in place on the promenade network of
waste disposal. The textures and use of material be such that it would be green and environment
friendly.
Landscape work has been proposed in four (4) number of precinct zones as given below and shown
in figure 2.12:
Precinct Landscape Work Landscape Work Landscape Work

Precinct-I Collectorateghat to Anta ghat Anta ghat to B.N B.N College ghat to
college ghat Mahendru ghat
Precinct-II Mishri ghat to T.N Banerjee ghat T.N Banerjee ghat to
Kali ghat
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Precinct-III Gandhi ghat to Bharva ghat Bharva ghat to Law Rani ghat to Gulvi ghat
college ghat
Precinct-IV Gai ghat to Naujar ghat
The proposal under the landscape works at the precinct zones will include the following aspects:
 Riparian edge restoration, planting long edge for biodiversity of wild life, carbon reduction,
 Large open space to facilitate people for rituals, activity and exercise, walks, workshops,
seminars, shade areas for people
 Nitrogen and Phosphrous reduction through bio-filtration phytorid (from NEERI-CSIR India)
from sewage filled discharge
 Solid waste management through in-situ aerobic composting (for bio-degradable waste)
 Flood control through landscape engineering permanent and temporary
 Environmental education
Figure 2.11:Restoring the riparian edge and landscaping
2.3.5 City level parks:
2 nos. of city level parks are proposed respectively at Patna College ghat and Gai ghat
2.3.6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts
Following approach roads are proposed for improvement:
 Approach road to precinct-I

 Approach road to precinct-II
 Approach road to precinct-III
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 Approach road to precinct-IV

 Approach road to Krishna ghat
 Approach road to Choudurytola ghat
 Approach to Pathri ghat
 Approach to Gai ghat
 Approach to Raja ghat
A schematic view of proposed development of approach road is given in figure 2.13.
Figure 2.12:Proposed approach road development of Gai ghat
2.5.8 Development of Electric Cremetoria at Gulvi Ghat
At present the present crematoria uses wood as burning material. This electric crematoria will help in
reducing the wood consumption and next it would give more burning facilities. This electric crematoria
would help in burning 30 dead bodies in a day.
2.5.9 Development of Sulabh Toilet Complex
Sulabh toilet complex are proposed at 3 locations as part of the project namely at Collectorate Ghat,
Anta Ghat and Bhadra Ghat. Nearly 600 people are expected to use each of these toilets in a day.
2.5.10 Development of Interceptor Drain
The project also envisages to improve interceptor drains to capture the sewage getting directly
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disposed to Ganga from the building along the ghat and then finally dispose them off at a city sewer
manual to divert the same to a STP. A total 8 such interceptor drains are being proposed.
2.5.10 Environmental Awareness
adjoining the ghats, (iii) prevent uncontrolled disposal of solid waste in the river, (iv) ecological
Open Defecation. The Project also expected to generate awareness among the pilgrims along with
various line department health, safety and environmental issues during festivals like Chath
and“Ganga Arati”.
2.4 PROJECT LOCATION
The proposed project site is located along the river Ganga starting from Collectorate ghat and spread
beyond the Ganga setu. Few of the ghats are proposed to be connected through promenade and
would also involve landscape work.
The location map of the proposed project site is provided in Figure 2.14 and existing landuse along
the ghats are shown in Figure 2.15.
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Figure 2.13:Project Location
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Figure 2.14:Landuse along project ghats
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2.5 ADDITIONAL BENEFIT
‘Chaht Festival’ is the most important festival of Bihar. Millions of devotees congregate on bank of
river Ganga for taking a dip and also undertake other religious rituals. The celebration of Chhat
festival would become much more comfortable to these devotees by construction of walkway and the
socio-cultural centres.
This will also help in developing tourist attraction as Ganga Arati can be organized on regular basis at
2 – 3 ghats as is done in other religious cities like Varanasi, Haridwar etc. This will also help develop
ecological awareness to prevent the pollution of the river.
The Promenades will provide an alternative passage for people to travel from one ghat to the other
directly without getting on to the main road. This will greatly reduce traffic on main road and reduce
misery of people in traffic, particularly during festival times. The Promenades will reduce the distance
to be travelled and time required for going from one ghat to the other substantially. The Promenades
will also provide a panoramic view of the river banks and ghats to the visitors.
2.6 PROJECT COST
The proposed cost for the project is given in table 2.2.
Table 2-2 : Proposed Project Cost
S.No Description of Item Cost (INR Lakh)

1 Development of 20ghats (from Anta ghat to Naujar ghat including 8929.37
change room)
2 Promenades including kiosks (connecting ghats together) 8751.07
3 Community cum cultural centres 1660.04
4 Landscape work in the precinct zones 425.60
5 City level parks 833.14
6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts 262.11
7 Development of Gulvi ghat 750.77
8 Interceptor Drain 326.97
9 Sulabh Toilet Complex 36.96
10 Information Education and communication campaign 75.00
11 ESMP Cost 511.89
12 Add contingency (8%) 1764.08
Total 24327.00
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3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK
The policies, regulations and administrative framework within which the project is to be implemented with
respect to environmental management and protection are reviewed in this section. The review includes
the sector-specific Environmental and Policies and Regulations of the Government of India, National
policies regarding socio-economic issues and the Administrative framework of various agencies, such as
the Ministry of Environment and Forest, the Pollution Control Boards and other bodies associated with the
implementation of the proposed project.
The following laws and regulations are application to the environment and social aspects of the proposed
ghat development program:
 Policy and regulatory framework of Govt. of India

 Environmental Policy of the respective State Governments
 Legislations applicable to the construction activities
The Project is seeking financing from World Bank and hence their environmental and social safeguards
are also applicable to this Project. The categorization of the project as per World Bank guideline is
detailed in Chapter-4.
3.1 POLICIES AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA (GOI)
 Constitutional Provisions
The Constitution of India, in Article 48, of Directive Principles of the State, states that “the state shall
endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wildlife of the country”.
Further Article 51-A (g), of fundamental duties, emphasizes that, “It shall be the duty of every citizen of
India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to
have compassion for living creatures”. These two provisions of the constitution are the guiding principles
for the environmental legislation in India.
The Government of India has laid down various policy guidelines, regulations, acts and legislations
pertaining to sustainability and protection of the environment and its various components. The statutory
requirements for the proposed project are discussed briefly in the following paragraphs.
 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
The Environment (Protection) Act, popularly known as EP Act, is an umbrella legislation that supplements
existing environmental regulations. Empowered by the EP Act, the Ministry of Environment and Forests
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(MoEF), the Government of India has issued the following notifications regulating the siting of industry
and operations, procuring clearance to establish industries and development of projects with appropriate
Environmental Impact studies, coastal zone regulations and many other aspects of environment through
notifications.

th
Environment Impact Assessment Notification 14 September 2006:
This kind of project on river front development does not fall under Environmental clearance requirements
as per the EIA notification 2006 of MoEF.
Even the total covered built up area for the project is 10,000 sq.m and hence according to the EIA
notification, the project does not trigger the requirement of prior environmental clearance under category
2
8(a) also.
Hence the project does not require environmental clearance as per the rule of Govt. of India.
The key environmental laws and related regulations are given in table 3.1. The key environmental
regulations can also be accessed at www.MoEF.nic.in/rules-and-regulations
Table 3-1 : Environmental Regulations and Legislations
S.N Act/Rules Purpose Applicabilit Reasons for Authority

o y Applicability
(Yes/No)
1. Forest The Forest No As diversion of Forest

(Conservation) (Conservation) reserved / protected Department,
Act, 1980 with Act, 1980 has forest land is not State Govt. and
Amendments been involved.All the trees MoEF, GoI
Made in 1988 formulated in along the banks will
order to provide be saved
the
conservation of
forests and for
matters
connected
therewith or
2
As per 8(a) if the project built up area is more than 20,000 sq.m then only it triggers the requirement of environmental clearance.
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o y Applicability
(Yes/No)
ancillary or
incidental
thereto.
Wildlife
2 The Wildlife No/Yes This act is not Chief
(Protection) Act
Protection Act, applicable as no Conservator
1972
1972 has been sanctuary / national Wildlife, Wildlife
formulated in park exists within 10 wing, state
order to protect km radius of project forest
the wild life in site. department,
sanctuaries MoEF, GoI
The vikramshila
and National
Gangetic Dolphin
Park.
Sanctuary is more
than 160km from
project site
3 Land Acquisition Sets out rule No No private land Revenue

Act, 1894 (As for acquisition acquisition is Department,
amended) of land by govt. involved. State
Government
4 The Air To control air Yes This act will be SPCB

(Prevention and pollution by applicable during the
Control of controlling construction stage
Pollution) Act, emission of air
1981 pollutants as
per the
prescribed
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o y Applicability
(Yes/No)
standards.
5 Water Prevention To control Yes This act is mainly SPCB

and Control of water pollution active during the
(Pollution) act, by controlling construction stage
1974 discharge of
pollutants as
per the
prescribed
standards
6 The Noise The standards Yes This act will be SPCB

Pollution for noise for applicable for all
(Regulation and day and night construction
Control) Rules, have been equipments
2000 promulgated by deployed at worksite
the MoEF for
various land
uses.
7 Municipal Solid To manage No/Yes This rule is not MoEF, CPCB,

Wastes collection, applicable to the SPCB
(Management and transportation, project as such.
Handling) Rules, segregation,
However, waste
2000 treatment and
generated during
disposal of
construction and
municipal solid
operation stage (by
waste
regular ghat users)
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o y Applicability
(Yes/No)
are to be addressed
8 The Ancient Conservation of No The proposed Archaeological

Monuments and cultural and development is not Dept., GoI,
Archaeological Sites historical in close proximity to Indian Heritage
and Remains Act, remains found any ancient Society and
1958 in India monument declared Indian National
protected under this Trust for Art and
act. Culture
Heritage
(INTACH)
10 Public Liability Act This act details No Largely no such SPCB

and Insurance act out the hazardous waste is
1991 requirement of being expected from
protection from ghat development
hazardous project hence this
materials and act is not applicable.
accidents and Contractor need to
sets the abide by this act if
guideline how they store emulsions
to store the etc.
hazardous
materials.
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o y Applicability
(Yes/No)
11 Explosives Act, This act details No No such blasting is Chief Controller

1984 out the involved in the of Explosives
requirement for project and storage
safe of diesel, oil and
transportation, lubricants will be not
storage and that significant to
use of trigger this act
explosive
materials.
12 Minor Mineral and For opening No Only licensed quarry District

Concession Rule new quarry will be used and no Controller
new quarry site will
be used for minor
minerals like stone,
soil, river sand etc.
13 The Mining Act The mining act No As the aggregate Dept. of Mining,
has been materials will be State Govt.
notified for safe sourced from
and sound vendors and no new
mining activity mining site is to be
used for the project.
14 National Forest To maintain No No such eco- Forest

policy, 1988 ecological sensitive feature is Department,
stability through present in the State Govt. and
preservation project stretch as MoEF, GoI
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o y Applicability
(Yes/No)
and restoration such.

of biological
diversity
Other applicable acts and rules mostly related to the construction activities are given below:
 Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970
Engagement of labour and basic facility to be provided and labour licence to be obtained.
This act will be applicable for engagement of labour.
 Minimum Wages Act, 1948
The employer is supposed to pay not less than the minimum wages fixed by appropriate government as
per provisions of the act.
 The building and Other Construction Workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions
of Service) Act 1996 ad the Cess Act of 1996
All the establishments who carry on any building or other construction work employ 10 or more workers
are covered under this Act; the employer of the establishment is required to provide safety measures at
the building or construction work and other welfare measures, such as canteens, first-aid facilities,
ambulance, housing accommodation for workers near the workplace etc.)
 Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2000
Whereas it is expedient to prohibit engagement of child in factory, mining and similar other risky work and
to make necessary provision for health. Child’s safety and services and facilities while engaging them in
other work.
This act will be applicable to make sure not to engage any child labour.
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3.2 SAFEGUARD POLICIES OF WORLD BANK
The proposed ghat development project may trigger the following operational policies of World Bank:
Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project Yes No
Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01) [x] []
Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [x ] []
Pest Management (OP 4.09) [] [x]
Physical Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11) [x] [ ]
Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) [x] [ ]
Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10) [] [x]
Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [] [x]
Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [] [x]
Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP 7.60) [] [x]
Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP 7.50) [] [x]
World Bank classifies supported projects into three categories namely:
Category-A: A proposed project is classified as Category A if it is likely to have significant adverse

environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. These impacts may
affect an area broader than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. EA for a
Category A project examines the project's potential negative and positive environmental
impacts, compares them with those of feasible alternatives (including the "without project"
situation), and recommends any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or
compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance. For a
Category A project, the borrower is responsible for preparing a report, normally an EIA
(or a suitably comprehensive regional or sectoral EA) that includes, as necessary,
elements of the other instruments as given below:
Depending on the project, a range of instruments can be used to satisfy the Bank's EA
requirement: environmental impact assessment (EIA), regional or sectoral EA, strategic
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environmental and social assessment (SESA), environmental audit, hazard or risk

assessment, environmental management plan (EMP) and environmental and social
management framework (ESMF). EA applies one or more of these instruments, or
elements of them, as appropriate. When the project is likely to have sectoral or regional
impacts, sectoral or regional EA is required.
Category-B: A proposed project is classified as Category B if its potential adverse environmental

impacts on human populations or environmentally important areas--including wetlands,
forests, grasslands, and other natural habitats--are less adverse than those of Category
A projects. These impacts are site-specific; few if any of them are irreversible; and in
most cases mitigatory measures can be designed more readily than for Category A
projects. The scope of EA for a Category B project may vary from project to project, but it
is narrower than that of Category A EA. Like Category A EA, it examines the project's
potential negative and positive environmental impacts and recommends any measures
needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate, or compensate for adverse impacts and improve
environmental performance. The findings and results of Category B EA are described in
the project documentation (Project Appraisal Document and Project Information
Document of World Bank).
Category-C: A proposed project is classified as Category C if it is likely to have minimal or no adverse

environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category
C project.
The project categorization has been detailed in Chapter-4 after project screening.
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4. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
4.1 PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA
In Patna River Front Development (RFD) all the development work are associated with the right bank of
river Ganga. Hence the influence area considered for the EIA study is mainly concentrated within the right
bank and the ghat sections. In general 500m lateral distance from the right bank side has been
considered as Direct Project Influence Area (DPIA) and 1 km lateral distance from the right bank side has
been considered as Indirect Project Influence Area (IPIA).
Figure 4.1:Direct Project Influence Area (DPIA)

\
4.2 TEAM MOBILIZATION

st st
The reconnaissance survey was carried out between 31 august and 1 of September 2012 for the
purposed of proposed EIA study, site assessment, proposed ghat development works and fixation of
monitoring locations. Further, environmental quality monitoring team carried out environmental monitoring
th nd
and generated baseline data between 12 of September till 22 of September 2012.Further Focus group
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Discussion was also held in this period during the visit and deployment schedule of human resources
considered for the project are also planned. FGDs were also undertaken with various stakeholders as
detailed below:
FGD-1 : Local vegetable seller and boatman at Anta ghat
: Local ghat Users in Mahendru ghat and Collectorate ghat

FGD2
: Slum population along river Ganga between Misri to Dr. T.N.Banerjee ghat
FGD3
: Common ghat users coming to ghat for passing time during evening period at Gandhi
FGD4
ghat and Kali ghat
: Relatives who gather in the funeral at the crematorium at Baikuntha Dham ghat
FGD5
: General Public discussion may be at some tourist place of the city (like Golaghar or
FGD6
Gandhi Maidan to know their perception about ghat development work)
: Local fishermen for understanding their livelihood and possibility of any impact on them.
FGD7
: Discussion with local fishermen for discussion as part of river Dolphin, its observation
FGD8
frequency, poaching provisions and use of its oil for fishing etc.
4.3 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SCREENING:
The details of environment and social screening details is shown in table 4.1 as given below:
Table 4-1 : Environment and Social Screening for River Front Development
Environment and social information format for screening

Project Title: River front development in Patna
Implementing Agency: National Ganga River Basin Authority
Project Cost:150 Crores
Project Components: Ghat development,
Project Location(Area/District)
S.No Screening Criteria Assessment of Explanatory note for
Category(High/Low) categorization
1 Is the project in an Low as the stretch does not The project area does not fall
eco-sensitive area or fall under any eco-sensitive under any protected or conserved
adjoining an eco- zone declared by Govt. of area under forest act or wildlife
sensitivearea?(Yes/No India. The project area does protection act (both terrestrial and
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).If yes, which is the not fall under any kind of aquatic).
area? Elaborate environmental sensitive zone
impact accordingly. (such as wildlife sanctuary,
national park). The area
though is a habitat for Gaga
dolphin but their concentrated
mostly in the left bank and
Patna RFD will be constructed
in right bank.
2 Will the project create This project will create limited The project does not have much
significant /limited/no social impact. of a social impact due to:
social impacts?
 As it is only a RFD work and
 Land acquisition No agricultural land or does not involve any private
resulting in loss of plantation used for livelihood land acquisition
income from present there. No private land
agricultural land, acquisition is involved, only  The work is limited only at the
plantation or other some squatter may need to be slope protection part where
existing land use. displaced. only few encroachment has
been observed between misri
 Land acquisition Except some slum population ghat and T.N.Banerjee ghat
resulting in (who are encroacher) no such
relocation of impact envisaged  Some dairy units are adjoined
households. along with cow shelters along
Not going to be affected. All the bank who may need to
 Any reduction of the temples will be existing shifted to some other place.
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access to tradition and associated livelihood of This could be the only impact
and river priests, ritual related livelihood from the project.
dependent will continue
communities (to The project thus does not involve
river and areas Not envisaged much of social impact and the
where they earn for category of impact may be
their primary or No as such considered as low.
substantial
livelihood).
 Any displacement
or adverse impact
on tribal
settlements(S).
 Any specific gender

issues.
3 Will the project creates There will be some limited Limited environmental impact is
significant/limited/no environmental impacts during envisaged and with set control
environmental impacts construction stage as given measures most of the impacts will
during the construction below: be minimized at the contractor’s
stage?(Significant/limit level only.
ed/no impacts)  Not applicable
 Clearance of  This will be taken care and

vegetation /tree proper storage of material
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cover will be made and discharge
 Direct discharge of of debris will be reduced
construction run off,
improper storage  Chances of flooding is very
and disposal of less. Design is being made
excavation spoils, with high flood data
waste and other
construction  Proper storage of materials
materials adversely will be made along the bank
affecting water
quality and flow  Required precaution to be
regimes. taken to minimize the
 Flooding of impact
adjacent area
 Improper storage  Will be limited only to
and handling of approach roads being
substances leading considered for improvement
to contamination of
soil and water  Very minimum and care
 Elevated noise and shall be taken to avoid the
dust emission same
 Disruption to traffic  Construction sites will be

movements restored
 Damage to existing
infrastructure,  This will be checked in
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public utilities, detailed during FGD and
amenities etc. ESIA. However during
 Failure to store screening, it is understood
temporary that people welcome such
construction sites project
 Possible conflicts
with and /or  Health and Safety norms
disruption to local will be set in the ESIA with
community monitoring mechanism to
 Health risks due to follow the same
unhygienic
conditions at works
camps
 Safety hazards
during construction.
4 Will the project create The project may create limited Chances of these impacts are less
significant /limited /no environmental impacts during with the appropriate
environmental impacts the operation stage as: implementation of the program.
during the operation However some safety risks and
stage?(Significant/Limi  Chances of flooding to health hazard risk is there during
ted/No impacts) adjacent areas are less the peak time of festivals. During
due to more bank that time emergency
 Flooding of protection/stabilization preparedness on the part of Bihar
adjacent area  Effluent from the project Govt, NGOs and EMP
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 Impacts to water will be taken care through implementation team of NGRBA
quality due to sulabh toilet/mobile toilet need to take necessary step
effluent discharge and interceptor drains
 Gas emission  Chances of gas emission
 Safety hazards is negligible from the
project
 Proper protection in the
river front where the
promenade or road is
given shall be made to
avoid un avoidable
circumstances/accidents
etc.
 No such impact is
envisaged on gangetic
dolphin in the right bank
side as they are more
concentrated in the left
bank side of river where
depth is available for their
movement. The project
includes riparian edge
restoration as compared
to stone pitching as being
carried out present days
for bank stabilization.
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Hence this will create more
natural habitat than at
present. Thus impact if on
dolphin from the present
project (if any) is positive
during the operation stage.
5 Do projects of this Not applicable as per the EIA
nature/type require notification 2006
prior environmental
clearance either from
the MoEF or from the
relevant state
Government
department?(MoEF
/relevant state
Government
department/No
clearance at all)
6 Does the project No clearance is required from The project area does not fall
involve any prior MoEF and no tree cutting under any notified eco-sensitive
clearance from the would be involved and hence zone and hence no prior
MoEF or state Forest no clearance from forest environmental clearance is
department for either department will be required. required.
the convention of
Forest land or for tree
Cutting?(Yes/NO)
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7 Please attach Attached separately with the
photographs and form
location maps along
with this complete
Environmental format
for screening.
Overall Assessment Moderate
After overall assessment of the project, this project can be considered as having moderate impact on
Environment and Socio-economic environment. Hence as per the NGRBA framework (page 92, section
4.4.1 of NGRBA framework) projects with high and moderate impacts are being kept in high impact
project category. Accordingly this project falls under high impact category as per the NGRBA framework.
4.4 Project Surroundings
The proposed project is river front development in Ganga Ghats including development of 20 ghats(total
length of 6.50 km), promenade including kiosks, community cum cultural centre, landscape work in the
precinct zones, city level parks and development of approach road to the ghats. The photographs of the
ghats along River Ganga with name have been provided in the Table 4-2.
Table 4-2:Proposed Ghats for Developments along river Ganga in Ganga Ghats
Ghat Names
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Source: Feasibility Study
4.5 Baseline Data Collection
The baseline environmental setting has been studied using secondary data as well as primary data to
understand the present environmental scenario of the proposed location. Primary data hasbeen collected
at site during post monsoon season in the month of September , 2012 by Mitra S. K. Pvt. Ltd, Recognized
by NABL and MoEF.
4.5.1 Meteorological environment
4.5.1.1 Climate
The project ghats are within 1 km from Patna City.
The climate in Patna is characterized by quite hot summers to moderately cold winters. The day
temperature generally ranges from 21.1ºC (Avg.) in January to 38.7ºC (Avg.) in May and night
temperature from 7.3ºC (Avg.) in December to 27.7ºC in May/June (Avg.). The summer begins in April
and peaks in June/July with the temperature soaring up to 43°C (Max) till the moisture laden monsoon
wind bring some much-needed relief to the parched fields. The rains last through August & September
and continue into early October.
4.5.1.2 Ganga Basin Temperature in Patna
In the Ganga basin the mean maximum and mean minimum temperature as recorded in Patna is
respectively 31.9°Cand 20.8°C (Refer Table 4-3).
4.5.1.3 Relative Humidity
The relative humidity near the Ganga ghats is round 80 to 93 %.
4.5.1.4 Rainfall and Precipitation
The weather in the Ganga Ghats in Patna is characterized by a distinct wet season during the period of
south west monsoon (June to September). The air temperature starts falling with the onset of the
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monsoon from June onwards, making the weather more humid and equable. The diurnal range between
the daily mean minimum and the daily mean maximum temperature reduces progressively as the
monsoon advances. Eventually, the lowest diurnal range of temperature occurs at the peak of the
monsoon, which is usually in August, though sometimes in July. As soon as the monsoon is over, the
diurnal range of temperature starts increasing rapidly to a maximum attained during the month of
November. The rainfall and temperature details in Patna is given in Table 4-3.
Table 4-3 :Rainfall and Temperature at Patna in Ganga Basin
0
S.No Station Mean Water Rainfall as Mean Temp in C
and Annual surplus in expressed in Maximum Minimum
Year Rainfall wet months; percentage of
(mm) Jul-Sep (mm) annual rainfall
from Jul-Sep (
1 Patna 1003.4 807.1 80.4 31.9 20.8
(1951-
1980)
Source: Indian Meteorological Department
4.5.1.5 Wind Speed
The maximum Wind speed is 177 km/h while the average wind speed during the year is 5 km/h
4.5.1.6 Wind Direction
By the Indian Metrological data (IMD) the wind direction near the river area varies from NE during the
summer season and SW during the winter season.
4.5.2 Physical environment
4.5.2.1 Topography
.The topography near the Ganga Ghats in Patna City is like a saucer and city has drainage issues during
monsoon season. This core area of Ganga Ghatsin Patna faces problems of over crowding (e.g.
Collectorate ghat, Anta ghat, B.N College ghat, Gulvi ghat etc.) which has lead to enormous pressure on
the physical infrastructure and traffic congestion. The newer development areas lying in the central and
western part of Ganga Ghats comprises of both plotted developments and apartment houses.
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A pre-independent image of Ganga ghats Image of collectorate ghat
4.5.2.2 Geology
Ganga ghatsare part of the Indo-Gangetic alluvium, one of the three main physiographic divisions of
India, which separates Extra-Peninsular regions on the north from the peninsular region on the south. The
level plain is known to be the outcome of a granular filling of a great depression with alluvial sediments
since Middle Pleistocene times. This forming a part of the flood plains of the Ganga has a monotonously
flat relief. The area under study is underlain by alluvial sediments of quaternary age. The quaternary
sediments are deposited unconformable on the Achaean basement. The generalized stratigraphic
sequence of the geological formations for the area is as follows. The geological map of Ganga basin is
shown in figure 4-2.
Figure 4.2:Geological Map of Ganga Basin
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4.5.2.3 Land use
The states falling under Ganga basin are extensively cultivated, constituting approximately about 40 per
cent of the total area of the India. About 14 per cent of land is not available for cultivation and put to
various non-agricultural uses. Although the net sown area constitutes 50 per cent of the Ganga basin
states area, the total cropped area & cultivable land constitutes 73 per cent & 65 percent of the basin
states area, respectively. The land use distribution of along Ganga river basin in Bihar is given in table 4-
4.
Table 4-4:Land Use Pattern along Ganga river basin
Geogr Reporting Forest Land not Total Net Total Agri.land/ Cropping
aphic- Area for Available Fallo Area Cropp Cultivable Intensity
cal Land for w Sown ed Land/ (%)
Area Utilization Cultivation land Area cultural
Statistics land/Arable
Land
94160 93600 6220 20830 6860 56650 79100 66380 139.6
Source: Environment and Social Management Framework (NGRBA)
During the baseline study the existing land use pattern of the project and its surrounding area was
conducted and are presented in Figure 4-2, Figure 4-3 and Figure 4-4 respectively.
Figure 4.3:Landuse along the Ganga ghat section in Patna
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Figure 4.4: DEM Map along the project section in Ganag ghat section in Patna
Figure 4.5:Land Use along the stretch of river bank to be developed under RFD project in
Patna
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4.5.2.4 Physiography and Soil
Physiographically, India is divided into seven major divisions: (1) Northern Mountains, (2) Great Plains (3)
Central Highlands (4) Peninsular Plateaus, (5) East Coast, (6) West Coast and (7) Islands.
The Ganga basin falls entirely within the first three divisions. The peninsular plateau of the Gangetic
trough (with an elevation of less than 300 meters) is filled with older (Pleistocene) and recent alluvial,
forming nearly 4,000,000 Sq.Km in the states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal as
shown in Fig: 4.6
Figure 4.6: Physiographic map of Bihar along the river Ganga
Soil:The Ganga basin is characterized by a wide variety of soils. The soils of the high Himalayas in the
north are subject to continued erosion and the Gangetic trough provides a huge receptacle into which
thousands of meters of thick sediment layers are deposited to form a wide valley plain.
Among the soil types within Ganga basin, the alluvial soil covers more than 52 per cent of the basin. The
alluvial deposits of the basin not only cover the great Gangetic trough, but also extend over a sizable
portion of the peninsular foreland in the form of a layer less than 3 metres thick. The entire alluvial
formation is endowed with rich soil nutrients.
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The Patna river basin area is characterized by Calcareous alluvial (Ustochrepts Haplaquepts) i.e. it is
slightly alkaline. This shows that the alluvium deposit in this region is old alluvium deposit. In general the
Calcareous Alluvium has higher potential of binding of molecules than the newer alluvium or acidic
alluvium and hence the chance of erosion in Calcareous alluvium is comparatively lesser than acidic
alluvium.
4.5.2.5 Seismicity
According to GSHAP data, the state of Bihar lies in a region with moderate to low to high seismic hazard,
though the project site (Ganga Ghats) lies in Low Hazard Zone (refer Figure 4-7). As per the 2002
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) map, this state also falls in Zones III, IV & V. The project site (Ganga
Ghats) is falling under Zone IV (as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002), refer Figure 4-8.
Figure 4.7: Seismic Hazard Map showing the Project Area (Ganga Ghats)
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Project Area
Figure 4.8:Seismic Zonation Map of India
4.5.2.6 Hydrology and Drainage
The project area falls under the Ganga river basin. The River Map of Bihar is provided in Figure 4-9 and
4- 10.
Figure 4.9:River Map of Bihar
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Figure 4.10: Drainage Map of Project Area (Ganga Ghats City)
Patna river front development is situated at the right bank of river Ganga just after the confluence of
Ganga and Gandhak river. The project area is mostly falls under the river basin of Ganga and sub basins
of Punpun, Gandhak and Burhi-Gandak-Bagmati river basins. As per the local observation, Ganga river
near the project Ghats are now mostly left meandering and during the summer season, lean flow is
observed between Collectorate Ghat to Adalat Ghat at the right bank of river Ganga.
4.5.2.7 Soil Quality
Soil samples have been collected from 3 Ghat areas during the environmental monitoring in the month of
September 2012. The location of soil samples were selected based upon following criteria:
 The spread of the project area and length;

 Uniqueness of the ghats;
 Waste disposal or any other related activities for soil contamination;
 Any other activities which may relate to soil contamination.
Accordingly the soil samples were collected from following sites:
 Gulvi Ghat: It is well known for the cremation ground and hence is unique from the other ghats.
Possibilities of soil contamination could be highest at this site, so this site was selected;
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 Collectorate Ghat: The start point and open defecation was seen common and hence soil quality
monitoring was selected;
 T.N Banerjee Ghat: Dairy units are found here and animal waste get mixed with water and soil,
so selected
Characterizations of soil samples was performed by adopting methods prescribed under relevant parts of
IS: 2720, “Indian Standard Methods of Test for Soils”. The soil analysis results are given in Table 4-5.
Table 4-5: Soil Quality Analysis of Proposed Project Site
Sr. Parameter Unit Gulvi ghat Collectorateghat T. N. Banerjee ghat

No.
1 pH - 8.56(1:5) 26⁰C 8.85(1:5) 26⁰C 7.8(1:5) 26⁰C
2 Texture - loamy sand Silt loam Loam
3 Sand % 84.2 26.1 38.3
4 Silt % 10.2 52.4 34.1
5 Clay % 5.6 21.50 27.6
6 Bulk density g/cc 1.43 1.29 1.25
7 WHC % 30.26 42.67 44.17
8 OM % 0.15 0.64 1.59
9 N mg/kg 92.23 184.46 338.18
10 p mg/kg 16.25 <4 292.49
11 K mg/kg 20 500 400
12 Na mg/kg 60 60 40
13 Ca mg/kg 13584 11808 4224
14 Mg mg/kg 2678.4 2966.4 2476.8
15 EC µm/cm 68.8(1:5) 25⁰C 199(1:5) 25⁰C 112(1:5) 25⁰C
The soil quality as observed shows alkaline content which supports the presence of Calcareous alluvium
(as referred from secondary literature as well).
4.5.2.8 Ambient Air Quality
The monitoring of the ambient air quality (AAQ) in the project site has been carried out for one time at 3
ghats for 24 hrs in each ghat location, by Mitra S. K. Pvt. Ltd., recognised by NABL and MoEF. Sampling
at each location and analysis has been carried out as per guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board
and as per the requirements of MoEF.The total no of stations have been distributed throughout the
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project influence area so as to get representative baseline of the study area. The selection of the
locations was made due to following reason:
Gulvi Ghat: Cremation ground and hence chances of air pollution could be higher; so being selected for
an air quality sample
Collectorate ghat: The road between Collectorate ghat to Anta ghat is quite congested and thus requires
an air quality sample;
T. N. Banerjee ghat: Being selected as a control as being seen as one of the dust free ghat by the ESIA
team members.
The ambient air quality monitoring results along with locations are given in Table 4-6.
Table 4-6: Ambient Air Quality within study area
Date of PM 10 PM 2.5 SO2 NO2 CO

Location
Monitoring (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)
Collector ghat 14/15.09.2012 88 47 5.4 26.7 363
Dr. T.N.Banerjeeghat 15/16.09.2012 54 29 4.3 21.4 275
Gulvi ghat 16/17.09.2012 69 36 4.0 19.0 175
Limit as per CPCB notification, New Delhi,
th
100 60 80 80 2000
18 Nov, 2009. for Ambient air quality
USEPA
IS: 5182 CFR-40, IS: 5182 IS: 5182 IS 5182 :
Sampling and Analysis done
(Part-23)- Part-50, (Part-2)- (Part- 6)- Part 10
according to
2006 Appendix- 2001 2006 1999
L
Results &Analysis :
The PM10 and PM2.5 level near the Collectorate Ghat is found in the higher range may be due to the
market activities and associated dust generation. However, all the parameters of ambient air quality are
found well within prescribed limit.
4.5.2.9 Noise Levels
Locations for noise monitoring along the corridor are identified based on the following criteria:
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Gulvi Ghat: Crematorium ground and hence accumulation of people along with various rituals and thus
possibilities of noise generation, so being selected for one of the noise monitoring site;
Collectorate Ghat: Government offices and gathering of many people in this area, also market is there
between Collectorate ghat to Anta ghat, hence selected as a noise monitoring location.
T.N. Banerjee Ghat: Used as a control point since it has been seen as one of calm ghat
Noise level monitoring photographs are given in Table 4-7.
Table 4-7: Ambient Noise Level within study area
Location Date of Sampling Leq day Leq Night L Max L Min

dB(A) dB(A) dB(A) dB(A)
Collectorateghat 14/15.09.2012 46.6 33.7 51.3 30.2
Gulvighat 15/16.09.2012 43.8 31.9 48.3 25.6
Dr. T.N.Banerjeeghat 16/17.09.2012 35.6 33.2 49.8 29.5
Permissible Limits/Standards as per CPCB Leq
55 45
dB(A) Day & Night (Residential)
Results &Analysis:
The noise quality is well within the permissible limit. However, during discussion with the locals it has
been observed that localized impact is there due to water splashing, rainfall, washing of clothes and
movement of water boats. Anyway all the time noise quality is within permissible limit.
4.5.2.10 Water Quality
Water quality has been analysed for Surface water of Ganga River by Mitra S. K. Pvt. Ltd., recognised by
NABL and MoEF. Six number of representative water samples were collected in September, 2012, based
on their present usage and pollution load.The physical and chemical parameters of the collected samples
were tested as per established standard methods and procedures of CPCB. The selection of the stations
was based upon the fact that the almost all the ghats are being covered. Further water quality at the up
stream and down stream of Ganga river at Anta ghat has been done to know the condition of change in
water quality due to mixing of raw sewage into Ganga river at Anta Ghat.The results of water quality
samples are given in Table 4-8.
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Table 4-8: Surface Water Quality Analysis Results
Sr. Paramet Unit Kali Krishn Collectora Gandhi Anta Anta Gulvi
No. er ghat a ghat teghat ghat ghat ghat ghat
(upstre (downstr
am) eam)
1 pH 7.52 at 7.36 at 7.31at 7.65 at 7.49 at 7.6 at 7.45 at
28⁰C 28⁰C 28⁰C 28⁰C 28⁰C 28⁰C 28⁰C
2 TDS mg/l 127.4 257 141.5 130.5 128.4 402 136.4
3 TSS mg/l 680 599 165 837 157 1279 170
4 TH mg/l 103.68 172.8 107.52 119.04 88.32 213.4 111.36
5 Fe mg/l 1.93 3.27 3.88 3.47 1.69 4.12 3.35
6 Cl mg/l 17.81 31.67 15.83 15.83 17.81 42.2 17.81
7 F mg/l <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
8 Ca mg/l 27.65 44.54 26.11 41.47 23.04 49.66 27.65
9 Mg mg/l 8.29 14.75 10.13 3.68 7.37 21.42 10.14
10 SO4 mg/l <1.0 25.89 1.71 28.75 7.19 56.9 3.05
11 NO3 mg/l 3.2 <0.4 5.7 3.1 2.7 12.6 11.2
12 As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
13 Zn mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 2.7 <0.02
14 DO mg/L 7.7 7.3 7.9 7.7 7.2 6.4 7.2
14 BOD mg/l 3.3 3.21 3.11 <2.0 3.21 12.9 2.1
15 COD mg/l 19.48 15.58 19.48 7.79 19.48 48.4 7.79
16 Total mg/l 105.08 184.6 99.4 110.76 110.76 187.2 107.92
Alkalinity
17 Total cfu/10 30 110 50 170 280 280 23
Coliform 0ml
18 Faecal cfu/10 13 21 13 17 22 22 13
Coliform 0ml
Results & Analysis:During the site visit to Ganga many open sewer line were seen to discharge raw
sewage into Ganga river (Refer figure 4-11). However, since the measurements were made during the
monsoon/post monsoon having high discharge, the BOD load has been reduced to a great extent due to
the concept “dilution is the best solution to pollution”. But, it also warrants that the serious measures are
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required to take as part of the city sanitation plan to minimize the disposal of direct discharge of raw
sewage in Ganga.
Figure 4.11:Discharge of Raw Sewage in Ganga river from various points
4.5.3 ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY
4.5.3.1 Forest Resource
Bihar is situated in the eastern part of India bordering Nepal and has a geographical area of 94,163 km².
It is part of gangetic plains and is drained by two major rivers, the Ganga and the Gandhak. Annual
rainfall in the state varies from 1000mm to 2000 mm.
The recorded forest area of the state is 6473 km² which is 6.87% of the geographical area. Reserve forest
constitutes 10.70%, Protected Forest 89.28% and unclassed Forest, which is about 0.02% of the total
forest area.
The proposed project falls in 7 – Gangetic plane as per the Biogeographic Classification of India and 7B
Lower Gangetic Plane Province of India.
 Forest Description
Patna district has deciduous type of forest. The district has 3202 km² of Geographical area comprising 13
km² of Moderately Dense forest, 3 km² open forest and absence of Very Dense forest. Thus the forest
cover of the district is 0.50% of total Geographic Area. (Source: State Forest Report – 2009). The Forest
map of Bihar is given in Figure 4.12.
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Figure 4.12:Forest cover map of Bihar
No Forest area of any type like Reserve Forest, Protected forest or unclassed Forest declared Protected
under “ The Indian Forest Act, 1927” and “Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 with Amendments Made
in 1988” is reported within the propose Ghats development area or in close vicinity (Source: Forest
Department Patna). Therefore no forest Clearance is required for the proposed development.
 Wildlife Protected area and Wildlife Sanctuary
Bihar State has got one Wildlife National Park (Valmiki National Park) and twelve Wildlife Sanctuary. The
list of Wildlife National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is given in Table 4.9.
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Table 4-9: List of National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary located in Bihar
Name of the Protected Area Year of Total Area

Notification
A National Parks
1 Valmiki NP 1990 335.65
B Wildlife Sanctuary
1 Barela Jheel Salim Ali Bird WLS 1997 1.96
2 Bhinbandh WLS 1996 681.99
3 Gautam Budha WLS 1976 138.34
4 Kanwarjheel WLS 1989 63.11
5 Kaimur WLS 1979 1342
6 Kusheshwar Asthan Bird WLS 1994 29.17
7 Nagi Dam WLS 1987 1.92
8 Nakti Dam WLS 1987 3.33
9 Pant (Rajgir) WLS 1978 35.84
10 Udaipur WLS 1978 8.87
11 Valmiki WLS 1978 545.15
12 Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin WLS 1991 -
Total 1851.68
(Source: moef.nic.in)
No National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is reported within 10 km from project boundary. The Nearest
wildlife sanctuary is Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin WLS which is more than 50 km in District Bhagalpur.
Therefore clearance under “The Wildlife (Protection) Act – 1972” is not required for the proposed Ghat
development project.
During primary survey Schedule – I mammals as per WPA – 1972, like fresh water Dolphin (Platanista
gangetica gangetica) was seen in the left bank of river Ganga. However, there presence was not site in
the right bank where the Patna RFD is concentrated.
Therefore some conservation action plan to be prepared by BuidCo with a known ecologist. However, no
Clearance for presence of Schedule – I animal in the project affected area is required from the Wildlife
Board under “The Wildlife (Protection) Act – 1972”.As part of the EMP a Dolphin Conservation
Committee has been proposed including the study requirement for the preparation of conservation plan.
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Figure 4.13: Location of National Park & Sanctuary of Bihar
(http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/wildlife/bihar-wildlife-map.gif)
Wetland:
No wetland notified under “The Ramsar Convention – 1971” or listed under“the National wetland
Conservation Programme – 2009” is reported within 10 km from project boundary. The nearest Wetland
notified under National Wetland Conservation Programme – 2009 are:
1. Kabar Wetland – District Begusarai

2. Barilla Wetland – District Vaishali
3. Kusheshwar Asthan Wetland – Darbhanga.
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4.5.3.2 Terrestrial Ecology
The core zone comprises of Riparian Habitat (transition zone between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem).
A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. Plant habitats and
communities along the river margins and banks are called riparian vegetation, characterized by
hydrophilic plants.
Riparian zones may be natural or engineered for soil stabilization or restoration. These zones are
important natural bio-filters, protecting aquatic environments from excessive sedimentation, polluted
surface runoff and erosion. They supply shelter and food for many aquatic animals and shade that is an
important part of stream temperature regulation.
The proposed project (Ghat Development) is partly comprises of Riparian Habitat and partly terrestrial
Habitat. During primary survey it has been noticed that the existing habitat along the banks of Ganga is
manmade type. Daily thousands of people visit the Ghat to take bath in Ganga as religious rituals.
The floristic survey of the proposed site witnesses scattered growth of grasses (mainly weeds), rooted
hydrophytes, emerging hydrophytes, shrubs in undisturbed area where human movement is absent and
trees leaning over river water.
Among herbs species, weed are commonly reported on the river bank. Commonly reported weeds
species are Congress grass (Parthenium hysterophorus), Lantana (Lantana Camara), Eipatorium
trilpineve, Solanum xanthiocarpum and Datura (Dathura stromonium). This is mainly due to better survival
rate, higher seed production and fast growing in comparison to other herbs.
The species of grasses reported along the banks are Cyanodon dactylon,Achyranthes aspera,
Saccharum arundinaceum, Vetiveria zizanoides, Ludwigia parviflora, Rungia repens, etc. These are
mainly reported above the water level, in an undisturbed area.
Rooted hydrophytes are reported along the banks, where water level is less than a foot or water has
recedes after flooding. The commonly reported hydrophytes are Ipomoea carnea, Argeratum
conyzoides,Azolla pinnata, Eichhornia crassipes,Lemna perpusilla,Spirodela polyrhiza, etc. Ipomoea
aquatic,etc. Photograph of flora reported in riparian Habitat are given in Fig: 4.14
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Congress Grass Datura (Dathura stromonium) Cyanodon dactylon
Riparian Habitat Reprived of grass cover Extensive growth of herbs Anthropogenic activity along banks
Figure 4.14: Photograph of Flora reported in Riparian Habitat
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Project : Environmental Impact Assessment Study for proposed river front development of
20 Ghats along river Ganga in Patna, Bihar
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The phytosociological study of the core zone (terrestrial habitat) beyond the riparian habitat
comprises of manmade ecosystem. Trees plantation in form of landscaping was noticed due to
nearby residential area, government offices, hospitals, university, parks and market places. The
species of trees reported are mainly planted, except few species which are naturally growing. These
trees are fruit, flower and seed bearing and attract avifauna, small mammals and reptiles. Nesting
was commonly reported. Species of trees reported during primary survey are given in table (4.10)
below
Table 4-10: List of trees reported in the project affected area
S.No Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Type Growth

1 Peepal Ficus religiosa River Bank Natural
2 Bargad Ficus benghalensis Mahindru Ghat Natural
3 Sissoo Dalbergia sissoo Anta Ghat Natural
4 Jamun Syzygium cumini River Bank Natural
5 Neem Azadirachta indica River Bank Planted
6 Sal Shorea robusta University Ghat Planted
7 Salai Boswellia serrate University Ghat Planted
8 Bahera Terminalia arjuna Near Krishna Ghat Natural
9 Mango Mangifera indica University Ghat Planted
10 Golden shower Crassia fistula Collectrate Ghat Planted
11 Bakain Melia azadirachta Kali Ghat Planted
12 Jackfruit Artocarpus University Ghat Planted
heterophyllus
13 Kadamb Anthocephalus University Ghat Planted
cadamba
14 Bail Aegle marmelos University Ghat Natural
15 Siris Albizia procera University Ghat Planted
16 Devil Tree Alstonia scholaris Krishna Ghat Planted
17 Royal Palm Roystonea regia Krishna Ghat Planted
18 Amla Phyllanthus emblica Krishna Ghat Planted
19 Neem Azadirachta indica Krishna Ghat Planted
20 Coconut Coco nucifera Krishna Ghat Planted
21 Umar Ficus racemosa Krishna Ghat Planted
22 Mango Mangifera Sp Ghandhi Ghat Planted
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S.No Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Type Growth

23 Gular Ficus Glomerata Ghandi Ghat Planted
24 Palash Butea monosperma Near Ghandhi Planted
Ghat
25 Gulmohar Delonix regia Near Ghandhi Planted
Ghat
26 Kala siris Albizia lebbeck Near University Planted
Ghat
27 Semal Bombax ceiba Near Kali Ghat Planted
28 Bair Zizyphus jujube Near Kali Ghat Planted
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Mangifera indica Ficus religiosa Ficus benghalensis
Azadirachta indica Alstonia scholaris Royal Palm

Figure 4.15: Photographs of Trees Reported at Ghat Area
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Terrestrial Fauna
To study the diversity of fauna, various survey methods were adopted. The survey was mainly carried
out at dawn and at dusk to study animal behavior and habitat. This study period is mainly selected as
animals are most active.
Secondary data was collected from the forest department and interaction with the local was also
conducted to establish baseline study for distribution of wild animals in the study area. No wild
mammals are reported in the study area, due to anthropogenic activity and urbanized habitat.
Domestic mammals are reported in the study area.
Avifauna:
The fauna reported in the inner buffer zone are mainly avifauna (highest diversity) followed by
mammals and reptiles. The commonly reported avifauna in the study area during primary survey, with
higher diversity are Common crow, Myna, Eagle, Sparrow, Babbler, Pigeon, Cattle Egrets, Red
Vented bulbul, Drongo, Sparrow, Indian Roller etc. During site visit higher frequency of birds recorded
in the project affected. This is mainly due to availability of nesting habitat, discarded foods from rituals
ceremony and fruits bearing trees. Table 4.11 gives the list of avifauna reported in the core zone and
inner buffer zone.
Table 4-11: List of Avifauna reported in inner buffer zone

S.No Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Distribution WLPA
1. Red Wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Bushes - Neating Common IV
2. Rock Pigeon Columba livia Old building Common IV
3. Cattle Egrets Bubulcus ibis Trees, grass land Sporadic IV
4. Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus Trees Common IV
5. Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Bushes & Trees Sporodic IV
6. Common Crow Corvus splendene Trees Sporadic IV
7. Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Trees Sporadic IV
8. Common Babbler Turdoides caudate Trees & Shrubs Common IV
9. Green Bee eater Merops orientalis Trees Rare IV
10. House sparrow Passer domesticus Trees & Common IV
Settlements
11. Drongo Dicrurus bracteatus Trees Common IV
12. Egret Casmerodium albus Grass land Common IV
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S.No Common Name Scientific Name Habitat Distribution WLPA

&shrubs
13. Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Grass land & Common IV
shrubs
14. Rose ringed parakeet Psittacula Krameri Trees Sporadic IV
15 Spotted dove Spilopelia chinensis Grass land & trees Common IV
16 Bank Myna` Acridotheres Trees Sporodic IV
ginginianus
Mammals:
During primary survey no wild mammals are reported in the study area. Based on secondary information
like interaction with the local, wild mammals like Indian mongoose and five stripped squirrel are reported.
Domesticated mammals like goat, sheep, dog, cow, ox, donkey etc. are reported. These animals are
domesticated for milk and other commercial purposed.
Reptiles:
Based on forest working Plan and interaction with people dwelling nearby ghat areas, it has been
confirmed that the study area witness poor reptilian distributions. Reptiles like Rat Snakes (Ptyas
mucosus), Common Kraits (Bungarus caerulens), Indian cobra (Naja Naja) etc. has been reported.House
Geiko and Garden Lizard are directly sighted during primary visit.
Sparrow Common Crow
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Goat Buffalo
Figure 4.16:Photograph of Animal Reported in study area
4.5.3.3 Aquatic Ecology
The proposed project is located on the bank of Ganga River, which is fresh water and Lotic in nature. The
proposed project is located partly on the river bank (riparian Habitat) and partly on the river bed.
During primary survey of the site, it has been noticed that no well-established riparian habitat exists. This
is mainly due to urban development and other anthropogenic activity. Annually lakhs of people visit the
Ghat area for ritual baths and prayers. This part of the banks also received storm and sewer water drains
from Patna city. As a whole, the existing environment is not suitable for existence of any type of habitat.
During lean period except monsoon, the depth of water available is less than one meter and maximum is
1.5 meter at few areas where ghat has been proposed. This depth is not suitable for the existence of
breeding, nesting and feeding habit for large aquatic mammals and reptiles.
The Aquatic faunal survey was carried out at early morning and in the evening. Fish net were used to
study the distribution of aquatic fauna in the project affected area. During primary survey no aquatic fauna
are captured in the net. Fixed net were also installed and left over night to study night time movement of
fishes and aquatic mammals.
4.5.3.3.1 Aquatic Profile of the Project Area
 Aquatic Flora (Hydrophytes):
Hydrophytes grow in habitats where water is in excessive supply. They may be free floating, submerge
floating, submerged and rooted, emergent and rooted, etc.
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In the proposed project area free floating hydrophytes reported during primary survey are Eichhornia
crassipes and Pistia sp,
The rooted emergent hydrophytes reported along the river banks are Ipomoea aquatic, Ipomoea fistulosa
and Saccharum spontaneum,
Rooted submerged hydrophytes reported in the project affected area during primary survey are
Potamogeton crispes and Vallisnaria.
Some plants like Phragmites Karkar, Arundo donax, Typha sp, etc. are on the river bed during survey.
They grow around water bodies with the water currents touching them occasionally; they also can
survive dry periods.
 Aquatic Fauna:
The Ganga river, about 2,510 km (1,560 mi) long, rises in a snowfield called the Gangotri Glacier,
situated among three Himalayan mountains all more than 6,706 m (22,000 ft) high and finally drains into
Bay of Bengal. Along the whole course the Ganges support rich faunal habitat. Numerous species of
fishes, reptiles and aquatic mammals has been reported.
Figure 4.17: Map showing Ganga River and its Tributaries
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The stretch from Haridwar to Gangasagar is primarily known for the presence of Ganga River Dolphins.
The population of which had been tremendously decline due to pollution caused by effluents discharge
from major city, mining of sand on river bed, construction of dam, over fishing, and poaching of dolphins
for using in fishing net and for meat.
 Fauna of Study area:
Extensive survey for the distribution of aquatic fauna in the study area was carried at don and at dusk.
Primary survey along the river bed with fisher men were carried out to establish the presence of dolphin’s
habitat in the project affected area. Secondary information was collected from Zoological Survey of India
and from forest department for faunal distribution.
Different faunal group like mammals, reptiles, fishes and aquatic avifauna are recorded from the study
area based on primary and secondary survey.
 Aquatic mammals:
Aquatic mammals like Gangetic Dolphins (Platanista Gangetica gangetica) have been reported in the
study area. The behavior and ecology is as follows:
 Gangetic Dolphins(Platanista Gangetica gangetica)
Gangetica Dolphins is Scheduled – I animals as per “The Wildlife (Protection) Act – 1972”. This animal is
declared endangered by the IUCN Red List Category - 2012 and need conservation to safe guard the
population.
 Range of Distribution:
Ganges-Brahmaputra-Megna (GBM) and Karnaphuli-Sangu (KS) river systems, from the deltas upstream
to where rocky barriers, shallow water, fast currents, dams, or barrages (low, gated, diversion dams)
prevent upstream movement. Although there is no credible estimate of Dolphin abundance for the
Ganges system, the largest subpopulation probably occurs between the Farakka Barrage, near the
India/Bangladesh border, and barrages in the mainstream and kosi, Son, Gandhak, Ghaghara and
Yamuna tributaries, as well as their large affluent, which include the Sanctuary in the Ganga mainstream.
 Population:
Although the aggregate range-wide abundance of Ganges River Dolphins was estimated by Jones (1982)
as 4,000–5,000 individuals and more recently by Mohan et al. (1997) as fewer than 2,000, these were
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only guesses. Population assessments have been based on counts conducted within discrete portions of
the vast network of riverine and deltaic habitat occupied by these dolphins.
Highest "densities" of Ganges River dolphins (defined as animals per linear river kilometer) have been
observed in the Ganges mainstream between Maniharighat and Buxar (1.5/km) (Sinha, unpublished) -
and within this segment particularly in the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (2.8/km) (Smith,
unpublished) and just downstream between Kahalgaon and Manihari Ghat (near Katihar) (3.4/km) (Sinha,
unpublished) - and the lower Sangu River, Bangladesh (1.4/km) (Smith et al. 2001). A few Ganges River
dolphins were still present during the mid 1990s as far downstream in the Hoogly River at Kakdwip (Sinha
1997).
 Habitat and Ecology:
Ganges River Dolphins are generally concentrated in counter-current pools below channel convergences
and sharp meanders (Kasuya and Haque 1972, Smith 1993, Smith et al. 1998) and above and below
mid-channel islands, bridge pilings, and other engineering structures that cause scouring (Smith,
unpublished data). Their fidelity to counter-current pools is probably greatest in fast-flowing channels
(Smithet al. 1998).
Annual monsoon-driven floods cause great variability in the dolphins’ access to large parts of their range.
Isolation in seasonal lakes sometimes occurs (especially in the Brahmaputra basin), as does
"escapement" from the river channels into artificial water bodies such as canals and reservoirs. Deltaic
(brackish) waters are a major component of the total range, but Ganges River Dolphins are not generally
known to occur in salinities greater than 10ppt, although they have been recorded in waters as saline as
23ppt (Smith and Braulik, unpublished data).
 Major Threat:
Construction of at least 50 dams and dams within the known or suspected historical range of the
subspecies (Smith et al. 2000) has dramatically affected its habitat, abundance, and population structure.
In addition to fragmenting dolphin populations, dams and barrages degrade downstream habitat and
create reservoirs (known as head ponds (or pondage in India) in the case of barrages) with high
sedimentation and altered assemblages of fish and invertebrate species. For example, luxuriant growth of
macrophytes and excessive siltation have eliminated suitable habitat immediately above Farakka Barrage
(Sinha 2000).
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Embankments cause sediments to be deposited in the riverbed instead of on the floodplain, thereby
eliminating or reducing the extent of the eddy-counter currents where dolphins are generally found.
(Smith et al. 1998). They also restrict access to floodplain habitat critical to the reproduction and growth of
riverine fish species (Boyce 1990).
Other sources of habitat degradation in the GBM system include dredging (Smith et al. 1998) and the
removal of stones (Shrestha 1989), sand (Mohanet al. 1998), and woody debris (Smith 1993). These
activities compromise the ecological integrity of the riverine environments, especially small tributaries
where suitable habitat is limited and disproportionately vulnerable to local disturbance.
Deliberate killing of river dolphins is believed to have declined in most areas but still occurs at least
occasionally in the middle Ganges near Patna, India (Smith and Reeves 2000, Sinha 2002), in the Kalni-
Kushiyara River of Bangladesh (Smith et al. 1998), and in the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra River in
Assam, India (Mohan et al. 1997). Dolphins are killed by tribal people in the upper Brahmaputra for their
meat and by fishermen in the middle reaches of the Ganges for their oil, which is used as a fish attractant.
Mortality in fishing gear, especially gillnets, is a severe problem for Ganges River dolphins throughout
most of their range (Mohan 1995, Smith and Reeves 2000). They are particularly vulnerable because
their preferred habitat is often in the same location as the fishing grounds.
4.5.3.4 Dolphins Habitat in Project Affected Area:
To establish the existence of Dolphins habitat in the proposed ghat development area, extensive survey
was carried out at dawn, afternoon and at dusk to have rough ideas whether their distribution is driven by
circadian rhythm. Secondary information was collected based on the interaction with boat men, fishermen
and people dwelling near the ghat. ZSI and forested department were also consulted regarding the
presence of Wildlife sanctuary and dolphins breeding site.
Based on the outcome of primary survey and secondary information it has been established that no
dolphins habitat was reported in the project affected area. As dolphins are present in whole of Ganges
river, their movement and surfacing behavior for breathing are reported in the study area towards left
banks of Ganga and ghat development is on the right bank ganga.
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Movement
Ghat Development
Sand Deposit
Figure 4.18: Dolphins Movement in Project Study Area
No feeding habitat is reported in the project affected area due to less depth, island formation due to sand
deposition and frequent movement of motor driven boats, effluent discharge pollution the water towards
right banks and other anthropogenic activity has deprive the right bank (ghat development area) from
dolphins movement.
Dolphin’s movements in the study area are reported towards the left bank. This is mainly due to
appropriate water depth, occasional movement of boats, less pollution, availability of fishes and absence
of anthropogenic activity.
Based on secondary information like discussion with ZSI and Forest department, higher frequency of
dolphins movement is reported at three location in the study area (within 10 km from project boundary).
They are
1. Ganga – Gandhak confluence site

2. Danapur - Punpun Bridge
3. Fatwah – Trivani Ghat.
(Source: Zoological Survey of India, Patna, Bihar)
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Dolphins are reported at this site because fishes are maximum available at the confluence site and where
counter current exists, which make them easier to catch prey. Dolphins prefer to stay where water depth
is more, counter current in water exists and water beels exists and confluence point with streams and
rivers.
Wildlife Sanctuary – Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin

Sanctuary
Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary is located near

Bhagalpur, between Sultangaunj and Kahalgaon (Source:
Conservation and Biomonitoring in the Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin
Sanctuary, Bihar, India) more than 160 km (aerial distance)
downstream of project site of Patna RFD.
The sanctuary is a 50 km stretch of the Ganges River

from Sultangaunj to Kahalgaon. Designated in 1991, this
sanctuary is earmarked for conservation of Dolphins.
Figure 4.20 gives the location of Vikramshila Gangetic
Dolphins Sanctuary with respect to project site.
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Ghat Development Area

Locations Dolphins
Figure 4.19: Location were Dolphins are reported
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Vikramshila WildlifeSanctuary
Ghat Development
Area
Figure 4.20: Location of Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphins Sanctuary with respect to project site
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Other Aquatic Fauna:
1. Fishes
Ganga River is adobe for variety of fishes. To have an idea about the fishes distribution netting were
carried out along the proposed Ghat, sand deposited area within the river and on left banks. The
number of fishes caught is less in the right bank (proposed project area) in comparison to the left
bank. Highest catch of fishes were reported near the sand island on course of river. Secondary
information about fishes distribution were collected from fishery department and from the fisher men.
The species of fishes reported during primary visit are Rohu, Catla, Hilsa, Mystus sp, Cirrhinus Sp,
etc. Species of fishes reported in the study area is given in table 4.12.
Table 4-12:Fish Species reported in the study area
S.No Common Name Scientific Name Categories
1. Mrigal Cirrhina mrigala Indian Major carps

2. Catla Catla Catla
3. Rohu Labeo rohita
4. Calbasu Labeo calbasu
5. Bata Labeo Bata
6. Kalabans Labeo dero
7 Wallaga attu
8. Rita rita
9. Cyprinus carpio Other fishes
10. Channa punctate
11. Channa marulia
12. Tengara Mystus Tengara
13 Puntius sophore
14 Puntius ticto
15 Singhi Heyeropneustus fossilis
16 Palwa Mystus cavasius
17 Pothia Puntius sophore
18 Phasia Setipinna brevifilis
(Source: Primary data & Fishery department,Patna)
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Catla Catla Labeo rohita Cirrhina mrigala
Mystus Tengara Prawn Puntius sophore
eel Fish Aristichthys nobilis Cyprinus carpio

Figure 4.21: Photographs of Species of Fishes reported during primary survey
Conclusion:
After detailed study it has been established, that the proposed project area (right bank) is not adobe
for fresh water dolphins and other aquatic animals. The anthropogenic pressure, nearby settlements,
sewer discharge drains and continuous plying of motor driven boats has resulted in disturbed habitat.
Even the water depth in this part is not suitable for dolphin movements. No rich flora habitat id
reported in the riparian zone. Cutting of trees, shrubs clearance is not anticipated. The only clearance
is the ground covered bushes, which are dominated by weed variety.
The expected impact during the development of the proposed project will be discharge of construction
debris in water, increase in suspended parties, pollution from D.G set engine oil and other oil
pollution, noise generated during cutting and shaping stones, machinery work on river bed. Increase
in siltation loads due to bank cutting and dredging, discard of plastic, paper, woods, metals and food
materials in rivers.
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If the major construction work is carried during the lean period, it is expected that the likely impact will
be minimized.
4.6 Traffic survey
Traffic survey has been conducted for 2 days at 2 places in the project influence area, the details are
provided in Table 4-13.
Table 4-13: Traffic Count Survey at Project Influence Area
Location Date Motorized Non-motorized Total

Vehicles Vehicles
Gandhi ghat 14.09.12 – 252 181 433
(Main Road to 15.09.12
Gandhi ghat) 15.09.12 – 337 162 499
16.09.12
Mahendru ghat 16.09.12 – 347 139 486
(Mahendru ghat 17.09.12
to Main Road) 17.09.12 – 208 91 299
18.09.12
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5. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
Analysis of alternatives involves a thorough study of the possible future conditions in the project study area of the
possible future conditions in the project area in response to a set of alternatives without the project or status quo
condition.
Development of proposed ghat development work is proposed with an noble intention to provide:
 The citizen of Patna a public place to talk about which is at present is not available;
 Enhance the awareness among local people about the requirement of keeping the river clean so as to
have a nice public place in the heart of the city;
 Enhance the safety during local festivals and minimizing water related pollution
5.1 Alternatives Considered During Project Preparation
During the project preparation stage comprising Ghat identification, ghat selection , screening and detail designs
preparation, various alternatives were identified and analyzed to help in decision making. Some of these are
stated below and further described in the subsequent paragraphs:
 Prioritization of various ghats and selection approach towards present ghat development measures,
 With and without project alternatives,
 Various design alternatives, and
5.2 Prioritization of Ghats
The proposed Patna RFD was mandated to be included in the 6.6 km river edge. The selection method of preset
ghat development initiated with the assessment of initial condition, assessment of traditional approach towards
ensuring proper access to these ghats and comparing the traditional approach to the present proposal.
Existing condition
The River edge is a discontinuous 6.6 km stretch of 28 Ghats-isolated and unconnected at the river edge. Some
of the Ghats are very well connected with city and are actively used and some of them are only used at a local
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level due to their poor accessibility and connectivity to city but are well knitted and forms an important part of
community structure as recreational space.
EXISTING CONDITION- Isolated small Ghats with individual access
Access Access Access
City boundary
Ghat Ghat Ghat
River
Isolated Ghats- not connected, hence limited use and view
Small Ghats, hence less space for recreation
TRADITIONAL APPROACH
Access Access Access
City boundary
Ghat Ghat Ghat
River
Wide Ghats with bigger space for gathering and recreation, but still
limited use because of indiviual access
Proposal
The ghats selected for development fall along the actively used river edge along the city, thus enhancing the
use and contributing to the current need of a larger public space. The river edge was studied and categorized
into zones according to:
• Predominant nature of land use

• Ease of access
• Edge condition on riverfront
• Availability of land on riverfront
• Physical limitations due to existing settlement
ZONE A- Collectorate Ghat to Rani Ghat - This zone mainly comprises of government offices, institutional
and public buildings. Vehicular access to most of the Ghats is fairly good and is within walking distance from
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Ashok Rajpath. It is zone where most of the Ghats are of city level use and attract crowd throughout the day.
Due to a mix of nature of use, there are various types of user groups in this zone ranging from school
students, college students, office employees, residents and hawkers. Most of the land ownership in this zone
is government except small parcels of residential and most of it is underutilized. Some of the most famous city
level Ghats like Collectorate, Mahendru, Patna College and Gandhi Ghat are in this zone.
This zone is made up of three precincts:
• Precinct 1- Collectorate Ghat to Adalat Ghat

• Precinct 2- Adalat Ghat to Gandhi Ghat
• Precinct 3- Gandhi Ghat to rani Ghat
ZONE B- Gulvi Ghat to Gai Ghat- This zone start from the point where institutional area ends and dense
residential area starts. Main characteristic feature of this zone is its narrow walkable lanes with residential and
shops on sides. All the area is connected by these lanes and most of them connect to river also. Due to its
poor connectivity and accessibility, Ghats in this area is mainly local and for community use. One of the main
feature of this area is that all the residential community faces back to river but most of their important religious
or community building are on riverfront which acts as anchors. All the Ghats in precinct are isolated as the
land ownership on riverfront is mainly private and connection is not possible. Some of the Ghats in this
precinct has very good access like Gai Ghat and Raja Ghat.
 Precinct 3a- Gulvi ghat to Gai ghat
ZONE C- Bhadra Ghat to Naujar Ghat -This zone starts after Gandhi Setu which also acts as interchange
point between old Patna and new Patna. The zone is characterized by mainly dense residential areas with the
few exceptions of big parcels of government land like Press and Inland waterway terminal. The vehicular
access to Ghats is good and because of this reason, this zone becomes an area level catchment rather than
just a local level catchment. This is a zone of great importance for ecological perspective also, since Dolphins
are also found in this zone. The ghats in this zone are also connected like in Zone A.
Precinct 4- Bhadra Ghat to Naujar Ghat
Access
Existing access to ghats are widened and enhanced for easy movement of the people. During festival times,
emergency evacuation routes have been proposed leading away from each ghat with provision for ambulance
parking and movement being directions one way, forming a loop system.
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5.3 With or Without Project Alternatives
Keeping in view the site conditions and the scope of development of the area, the ‘with’ and ‘without’ project
scenarios have been compared as shown in Table 5.1. By looking at the table it can be concluded that “with”
project scenario with positive/beneficial impacts will vastly improve the environment and enhance social and
economic development of the region compared to the “without” project scenario, which will further deteriorate the
present environmental setup and quality of life. Hence the “with” project scenario with minor reversible impacts is
an acceptable option than the “without” project scenario
Impacts on vegetation are expected during construction. Little air and water pollution is expected from the
proposed construction activities, however these are localized impacts and can be minimized with proper
construction schedule and enclosing harmful construction within the ghat area. The possible storage of any kind
of hazardous materials may need to be used carefully as the same has the potential to put risk on water
quality.As part of the project, however no tree cutting is involved as revealed during the discussion with the
project proponent.
Table 5-1: With and Without Project Scenario
Component With Project Scenario Without Project Scenario

Selection of Ghats The ghats selected in the project are from Without the project, first of all
for improvements Collectorate ghat till Naujar ghat. With the such scientific way of
project only, study has been made to development of ghat would not
understand the requirement of happen.
development for the various ghats. It has
been observed that prior to Collectorate
ghat(where from the project is actually
stated) i.e. from Digha ghat to
Collectorate ghat the river Ganga has
shifted to a large extent and lot of land
mass came out. That is why the ghat
development work has been taken up
only from Collectorate ghat.
A public Place for The proposed project would minimize the Without the project such
Patna availability of public place in Patna and opportunity of creating a public
would enhance the more tourism place would not have been
attraction. achieved and other associated
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improvements like good
approach road to ghats, various
parks and gardens,
promenades would not have
been considered.
With the present proposal of improving Without the project, such
the ghats and developing promenades opportunities are reduced and
there will be easiness of gathering unhygienic and risky condition
number of people during the Chatt during the festivals would
Easy access during festivals and would minimize chances of prevail.
Festival festival accidents. Additionally, as part of
the project apart from developing the
ghats, various exit routes are being
provided to manage the devotees during
emergency etc., if any.
Research Facilities The development of the project with These chances are reduced
Dolphin research centre will enhance the without the project as then
chances of minimizing the impact on river awareness generation on
dolphin and its conservation through Dolphin will be reduced.
creation of more awareness and research
and development.
Further the project also identifies various

other research facilities like development
of
Public Awareness With the proposed development the This opportunity is lost without
chances of enhancing public awareness the development and the
increases towards minimalizing the river unauthorized disposal of solid
pollution and unauthorized disposal of waste will continue.
solid waste
Environment With the project there will environment These opportunities would be
Friendly friendly embankment development like lost and flash flood and erosion
embankment riparian edge restoration, nitrogen and would continue.
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development phosphorous reduction through bio-
filtration, control of flood through
landscape along the banks.
Public Facilities With the project there will be facilities like These facilities and
public toilets (Sulabh), solid waste opportunities would be lost
management, policing to minimize without the development.
uncivilized activities (like taking alcohol
and other narcotics), life guard to
minimize accidents, safety chain for
providing facilities of safe bathing
Development of The development of Crematoria at Gulvi Without the project the burning
Crematoria at Gulvi ghat will be made with electric challah. with wood will continue and
ghat Further, the place will be enclosed to disposal of waste materials into
minimize the disposal of body ash, un Ganga will still continue. During
burnt wood and other ritual materials in site visit it has been observed
the river. that there are local residents.
5.4 Design Alternatives
Existing condition
At present the existing facilities at the Ghats are quite poor. There is no change room or toilet facility on the
Ghats. The Ghats are neither big enough to accommodate thousands of Devotees during Chhat festival nor
there is any facility like changing rooms. There is hardly any Ghat where Visitors to Patna can go for an
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enjoyable glimpse of river Ganges. All the riverbank is hard surface, they are either Ghats or stone pitched
and there is virtually very little landscaping or soft surface along the river edge. There are also no city level
parks.
Existing ghats at Collectorate ghat
Proposal
The proposed Ghats have been designed based on analysis of Ghats in traditional cities. The architecture of
Ghats has been prototyped to act as collective space rather than being just mere access to the river. Study of
the architecture of Ghat typologies reveal that Ghats are not uniform ascending and descending pattern of
steps, but are a combination of smaller terraces and platforms.
Through studies the zones of Ghats have been designed to accommodate zones of activities like Approach
and view, Steps and Walkways, Informal Occupancy, Rest and shade and Ritual practices and Bathing
activities. The Ghats as entities have been provided with facilities like Entry multifunctional kiosks, Changing
Rooms, Toilets, Life Guard Station, Amphitheater and View Platform, Terraces, Ritual Terraces, Shade
systems and Safe bathing Areas. Architecturally different prototypes of Ghats have been designed to provide
variety of options for various precincts.
At various precincts, architectural functions have been proposed, that would add up to the character of the
edge and define the edge as a wholesome, interactive, vibrant public space used year along by variety of
age groups. Public architecture would be used as means to convey sense of civic identity. The buildings on
the river edge would be functional spaces and deliberate iconic attempts designed to respond to site
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contexts..The functions proposed have been such that they cater to public use and capitalize on a local
community’s assets, and potential, and promote awareness healthy living and well being. Functions like café
and reading centre, ecological centre and community centres have been proposed at the various precincts.
Based on the need assessment and site analysis, the Ghat Design in the proposal accommodates the
following facilities .The facilities would help to make the Ghats user friendly and engaging.
1. Entry multifunctional kiosks

2. Changing Rooms
3. Toilets
4. Life Guard Station
5. Amphitheater and View Platform
6. Terraces
7. Ritual Terraces
8. Shade systems
9. Safe bathing Areas
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Promenade
The fluid promenade with all user related facilities forms the layer one and. the alternating
sequence of Ghats and landscaped areas constitute the second layer. The promenade would be a
space accessible to city and therefore the design of it has been dealt with in depth in the proposal.
The promenade has been placed comfortably over the high tide level which would make it possible
for city to use water edge throughout the year.
The access of Ghats becomes extremely important and has been dealt with in the proposal. The
promenade space is essentially a multi-functional space and has been provided with a series of
elements like multi-purpose kiosks , art terraces, seating, hawker zones that would help to provide
a range of activities on the promenade.
Promenade with
unobstructed
movement
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The promenade has been provided with way finding signage, dustbins, lighting and toilets to make
the space user friendly and complete in terms of amenities. The safety aspect of the promenade
also is critical and attempt has been made to make sufficient number of evacuation routes and
refuge areas. The core design idea behind the proposal has been to organize the edge as a two
layered entity between the river and the built fabric.
Facilities
1. Kiosks and Shelter:
Shelter is important component of promenade as it makes spaces usable all around the year.
Kiosks are used to provide facilities and small services on the promenade and can be of many
types-information, newspaper, food, snack etc and create mini active zones and pauses on the
promenade.
2. Art Terraces:
An art installation would also serve to be a public aesthetic element as it would enhance
environment of the public space through its presence and could often come to represent the
identity of the city. It can build pride and ownership among the people through ways of
participation.
3. Seating/ Pause zones:
The proposal has provided three options for seating on the promenade which are Seating at the
edge of the promenade, Free standing seating at the middle of promenade, Seating on the back
wall on the promenade and Seating as an extension of kiosks.
4. Hawking Zones:
Designated hawking zones are proposed which help in clarification of movement paths however
factors like provisions for electricity, toilet facilities, drinking water, storage facilities, and sheltering
facilities.
5. Toilets:
The proposal proposes toilets at every Ghats for the sake of convenience of the users.The
concept of environment friendly Shulabh Shauchalays are good solutions for standalone toilet
units.
6. Signage/ Way Finding:
The proposal has proposed signages and way finding maps and information boards coupled with
kiosks at all the Ghat approaches for the convenience of the users.
7. Dustbins/Waste Disposal:
The proposal has proposed for establishing of waste disposal network under which multiple
collection points and dustbins have been proposed on the promenade. Separation of waste at
source with the help of use of different bins for different types of waste has been proposed.
Legitimate graphic indications on the bins would help all groups of people to use them efficiently.
Maintenance and regular cleaning of dustbins would help to make the whole system of waste
disposal an effective system.
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8. Lighting:
Lighting is an essential component for making the precinct safe and easy to use at all times. The
lighting at public precinct is an added advantage when the fixtures are environment friendly
solutions which minimize energy consumption and avoid night sky pollution.
Light on high posts at Terraces with natural landscape and Toilets +Recycle
Evacuation
Ghats kiosks bins
streets
View of promenade along with

Evacuation streets. 4m of space is
provided for easy movement along
the promenade and facilities are
provided such that the movement
is not disturbed. Terraces are
provided wherever possible,
incorporating existing trees as
natural landscape
Access street leading

to promenade and
Ghats
5.5 Technology Benefits
With the proposed development there will environment friendly embankment development which is
intended towards the following:
 Riparian edge restoration, planting long edge for biodiversity for wildlife, carbon reduction,
nutrient exchange along edge;
 Nitrogen and Phosphorus reduction through bio-filtration phytorid from sewage filled
discharge;
 Solid waste management through in-situ aerobic composting (bio-degradable garbage
only);and,
 Control of flood and overflowing through landscape along the banks and engineering
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6. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
6.1 INTRODUCTION
This Chapter contains summary of impacts that are likely to result from the project as a result of the
interaction between various project components and environmental elements. The method of impact
identified and evaluated is also given in this chapter. The public consultation was carried out between
19.09.2012 till 21.09.2012 at various locations in and around the project area.
6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING EXERCISE:
During the initial site visit to the project site between 10.09.2013 and 21.09.2012 some important
project road sections were visited to identify the major Environmental and Social factors as per the
guidelines of WB and ESMF of NGRBA. The factors which were looked into include:
6.2.1 Environmental Factors:
• Change in Landuse and drainage pattern

• Change in channel hydraulics, triggering erosion and siltation problem either
At in-situ or elsewhere along the course of the river
• Impact due to inadequate solid and liquid waste disposal arrangements
• Inadequate sanitation, health and safety facilities
• Impact on river water quality due to proposed amenities
• Impact on environmental aesthetics and cultural values
• Impact on natural habitat (if any)
6.2.2 Social Factors:
• Land availability/requirement;
• Loss of structures
• Loss of livelihood
• Impacts on common property resources etc.
The outcome of the Environment and Social Screening is given in Table 6.1.
Table 6-1: Outcome of Environment and Social Screening
Environmental Factors Outcome

Sensitive areas, natural habitats, In the project stretch there is no such sensitive area or
other state declared sensitive declared protective area like Wildlife sanctuary, National
areas Park, Biosphere reserve present and not present even
within 10km on either side of the project area.
Change in landuse and drainage The project involves connecting existing ghats through
pattern promenades. The plan has been made considering the
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existing land use of the area. In fact the proposed land use
also include increasing the green area along the ghats
though public park etc.
There is no such private land acquisition involved in the
Loss of Land project. Only govt. lands which are going to be available will
be taken for forming into parks and public places.
As part of the project proper sanitation for local population
like Sulabh toilets shall be provided with septic tank and
connection with city sewer. This will help in inadequate
sanitation issue. For health and safety, chain with RCC
Inadequate sanitation, safety and bollard will be provided which will help the visitors as well as
health issues people who visit the place for bathing. Further adequate
evacuation route and refuge access routes are being
provided for adequate access during the festive seasons.
The project itself will not create any kind of sanitation-health
and safety issues rather it will improve the present situation.
Impact on river water quality The project does not involve any such continuous process
which would have chance to impact river water quality.
There will be proper toilets along the urban precincts to take
care of sanitation issues so that collected sewage after the
septic tank can be sent to city sewer. Further, inception
drain will be provided to collect the sewage generated from
the houses adjacent to the ghats who just their sewage into
river ganga with put any treatment. The collected sewage
from the inception drain shall be further connected to the city
sewer line to treat it in the STP working as well as proposed
under various schemes.
Impact on Environmental As part of the project no such temples or cultural aspects
aesthetics and cultural values are going to affected.
Impact on natural habitat As part of the project no such natural habitat will be
impacted only the existing ghats will be connected.
Land Availability/Requirement No such land is required for the proposed project except few
parks which will done in the Govt. land. No private land
acquisition is involved.
Loss of structures As such no titleholder structure will be affected. Few slums
which are set along the banks may need to be displaced as
part of the project. The detailed entitlement framework is
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given in
Loss of livelihood As such the project will not affect any livelihood. In fact it will
open the chances of more livelihood for the local people.
Positively, the project is envisaged to have a range of positive environmental and social impacts.
Some of these are a function of the objectives of the project, while others are a function of the way in
which the project is designed to meet its objectives. The project beneficiaries are the population of
Patna and the devotees who visit river Ganga almost on daily basis.
6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
6.3.1 Meteorology and Climate
The project construction work does not involve any kind of tree cutting as part of the project. Further
the project involves only reconstruction of ghats and connection between them. Use of bitumen is not
there in the project which reduces the chances of impact on macro climate.
The storage of construction materials and debris from the demolition of structures may occupy some
soft areas in the project influence area and thus may cause some changes in the micro climate.
However, this is very nominal and is temporary impact only.
Mitigation Measure:
The storage of construction and debris generated from demolition activities shall be stored in a
specified location with proper covering. It is preferred if the storage area can be created in a open
space so that it does not hinder any kind of traffic movement and shall be at least 50-100m away from
the river.
6.3.2 Quarries and Crushers
The excavation of quarries and borrow pits used for obtaining rocks, soil and aggregate materials for
the construction of bathing ghats and promenades and other construction items proposed under this
project. Also sand cement steel rods and other materials would be required as part of the project. It
3
has been estimated that as part of the project around 10,000-15,000m of aggregates are required for
the construction purpose.
Mitigation Measure:
The quarry materials shall be sourced from the local market and major portion of the quarry material
will be brought from the local quarry area at Sasaram. As part of the DPR only approved quarry
sources are being identified for bringing the stone and quarry materials.
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For all existing quarries from where the concessionaire may source his supply of aggregates,
Annexure 1.1: Guidelines for Existing Quarry Management of ESMP shall be followed. After the
completion of quarry operation the contractor shall rehabilitate the quarry area and should follow the
guideline laid down in Annexure 1.2: Guidelines for Rehabilitation of Quarry and Borrow Areas of
ESMP.
6.3.3 Cultural and Heritage Resources:
Along the ghats there are many cultural resources like temples, mosques. As part of the proposed
ghat development it is anticipated that few of these cultural resources may get impacted. However as
per the DPR details none of the cultural properties will be affected.
However during construction stage some impacts are anticipated like:
 Temporary diversion of access towards cultural resources, temples;
 Safety issues to devotees during the construction stage various construction work like
scaffolding, excavation etc.
 Chances of vibration impact to these cultural resources during the construction work;
Mitigation Measure:
 Adequate diversion signs shall be displayed in the access route for the devotees towards
these cultural heritage and temples.
 Warning signs shall be given if there is any large excavation work done or scaffoloing put
thereof.
 Night time construction shall be avoided and proper lighting shall be given in the construction
areas as well as in the access route of the devotees during the evening/night time to avoid
any accidents.
 No major piling work would be involved. However if it is involved then the site of piling work
shall be carefully selected to avoid any vibration related impact to these temples/religious
structures etc. along the ghat. Vibration damper shall be used to minimize the impact of
vibration to cultural resources as felt suitable.
Few of the cultural resources are given in figure 6-1.
Temple along the ghat Mosque along ghat

Figure 6.1:Cultural Resources along river Ganga
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6.3.4 Loss of Structures
The project construction work may require clearance of various structures along the banks. As per the
social survey nearly 142 such structures has been identified for replacement/relocation. The debris
generated from the structures may get disposed into the river.
Mitigation Measure:
Prior to clearance of structures all the affected persons shall be properly compensated to get
relocated at a suitable place (as per the plans given in the SIA report).
The debris generated form the structures will be disposed at a suitable location or shall be reused in
the sub-base of the road construction work proposed in the project.
6.3.5 Generation of Dust:
There would not be any crushing activities involved in the project and hence chances of fugitive
emission is negligible.
Though the project does not involve huge construction activities as such, still the activities have the
potential for generation of dust during the following activities:
 Excavation work for demolishing the old stairs in the project ghats as well as demolition of
buildings and structures;
 Construction of new ghats, promenade and other structures as proposed;
 Movement of vehicles carrying construction materials;
Mitigation Measure:
 Area of dust generation to be suppressed by spraying of water through sprinklers;

 The demolition work for building and structures to be carried out under proper covering (either
by plastic sheets etc.) so that just generation is minimum;
 Workers involved in the demolition work are to be provided with face mask to minimize impact
on their health.
6.3.6 Sanitation and Waste Generation:
The construction camp for the workers may have issues related with safe drinking water, sanitation
and solid waste generation. These if not properly managed may go to river Ganga.
Mitigation Measure:
Workers will be provided with adequate sanitation and waste management facilities in their
construction camps. Makeshift toilets shall be prepared in the camps and waste from the toilets shall
be connected to the existing man holes of the sewer line so that no waste is send to river Ganga.
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Waste management activities shall also be undertaken and biodegerdable and non-biodegradable
wastes shall be separately collected and taken to the nearby waste collection point placed by Patna
Municipal Corporation.
The guideline towards establishing the construction camp is given in Appendix 1.3.
6.3.7 Drainage Channel:
As part of the project there is no such parallel drain running along the ghats and thus chances of
disturbance to such channels are negligible during the construction work.
There are some lateral drains which are getting discharged from other parts of the city into Ganges.
These drains will be not be disturbed during the construction as they are not attached with the ghats.
Small drains connected with the houses along the ghats will be connected to interceptor drains and
will be taken to other connecting drains to nearby manhole and will ultimately send to existing STPs.
6.3.8 Loss of vegetation and tree cutting:
Clearance of vegetation, bushes is involved in the project but no tree cutting is involved. Additionally
new public parks and landscape areas shall be created in the project.
6.3.9 Impacts on Dolphin:
Based on the outcome of primary survey and secondary information (kindly refer chapter 4 for details)
it has been established that no dolphins habitat was reported in the DPIA. As dolphins are present in
whole of Ganges river, their movement and surfacing behavior for breathing are reported towards left
banks of Ganga whereas ghat development work is on the right bank of river Ganga.
Movement
Ghat Development
Sand Deposit
Figure 6.2: Dolphins Movement
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No feeding habitat is reported in the project affected area due to less depth, island formation due to
sand deposition and frequent movement of motor driven boats, effluent discharge pollution the water
towards right banks and other anthropogenic activity has deprive the right bank (ghat development
area) from dolphins movement.
Dolphin’s movements in the study area are reported towards the left bank. This is mainly due to
appropriate water depth, occasional movement of boats, less pollution, availability of fishes and
absence of anthropogenic activity.
Based on secondary information like discussion with ZSI and Forest department, higher frequency of
dolphins movement is reported at three location in the study area (within 10 km from project
boundary). They are
 Ganga – Gandhak confluence site

 Dhanapur - Punpun Bridge
 Fatwah – Trivani Ghat.
(Source: Zoological Survey of India, Patna, Bihar)
Dolphins are reported at this site because fishes are maximum available at the confluence site and
where counter current exists, which make them easier to catch prey. Dolphins prefer to stay where
water depth is more, counter current in water exists and water beels exists and confluence point with
streams and rivers.
Since no Dolphin movement is there in the right bank therefore impact on dolphin during the
construction stage is negligible. However adequate care shall be taken towards ensuring that the
debris and other silt and construction materials are not disposed directly to the river.
Further a Dolphin Conservation Plan is required to be prepared with a known ecologist along with the
establishment of Dolphin Conservation Committee in order to implement the plan.
6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND MITIGATION MEASURES-OPERATION STAGE
6.4.1 Environmental Impact:
 Meteorology and Climate:
The project involves only connecting different Ghats and construction of promenades and construction
of parks and restoration of riparian zone and bank. Therefore the chances of change in macro and
micro climate is very less. No tree felling is involved in this project rather trees and green area will be
created as part of the riparian restoration and parks proposed as part of the project. A total of 2 city
level parks are proposed which would involve creating good green area which would change the
microclimate (if any) in a positive way.
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 Physiography and Drainage:
The proposed ghat development activities for the project involve development of existing ghats,
preparation of walkway and promenade above the banks and restoration of riparian edge. As such
there is no such change in drainage scheme. However a localized increase in river portion velocity is
there when it comes in contact with the ghat section and this increase in speed may sometime create
increased drag to the open bank immediately after the project construction section.
 Mitigation Measure:
The chances of increase of river flow speed with the development of ghat and localized erosion will be
bare minimum as immediately after the ghat there will be riparian edge restoration and embankment
protection with gabion structure will persist. This will reduce the localized water speed and thereby
would minimize the chances of in-situ erosion.
 River Water Quality:

 It is envisaged that with the development of the project there would be increase in all sorts of
population along the ghats and promenades and hence chances of pollution to river water is
expected (mainly solid waste and sanitation issues).
 Further during the various Hindu rituals various pious refuse are also disposed which when
biodegrade pollute the river body.

3
Mitigation Measure :
In general in each ghat the existing visitor at present is around
100. However, after the completion of the project the expected
population coming to each ghat would be around 400-500 in each
ghat.
Hence the total sewage generation considering 60% of visitor will

use toilet at least once the quantum of sewage generation would
be:
0.6*400*5(ltr) =1200 Liter i.e. around 1.2 KLD for each ghat.
The proposed number of toilets provided in the project Figure 6.3:Disposal of Pious
include: Refuse
 2 toilets at each ghat one for ladies and one for gents.
3
This compliance mitigation measure is given on the basis of observation received from NMCG and World Bank on draft ESIA
report. The compliance to all such observations are given in Annexure 1.6.
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 Adalat ghat to Gandhi ghat 3 toilets within a length of 1125 meters.

 In precinct 3 there will be one toilet.
 In precinct 4 there will be one toilet
 Total number of toilet being provided is = 45
Hence, the total sewage generation expected is 1.2*45= 54 KLD. This quantum of sewage would be
connected with the city sewer line through sewer pipes from the toilets and will be treated in the
sewage treatment plant. The STP construction is under the City Sanitation Scheme of Patna and
accordingly this quantum of sewage will be considered in it.
The waste water from the toilets will be connected to the sewer line going behind the building line
adjacent to the Ghats and will be taken to the central sewerage treatment plant.
During the special events like Chaat, Govt. PMC provides makeshift toilets like mobile toilets to take
care of the situation. The waste water will be disposed by the PMC and will be treated in the STPs.

4
Solid Waste Generation :
The projected population in each ghat after the completion of the project is expected to be around
400. The quantum of waste generation could be around 200gm/capita. Hence the total waste
generation from 20 ghats would be around = 400*20*200/1000=1600 kg (400 is the maximum
expected population)
To take care of this quantum of waste 4 dustbins will be provided in each ghat and each dustbin will
have capacity of 20 kg. Hence capacity of waste collection= 4*20*20=1600 kg
In additional along the promenades for a total length of 5000m a total of 254 number of litter bins (i.e.
1 liter bin per 20 m length) shall be provided with capacity of 1 kg each. This when used in full
capacity can take care of 254 kg of solid waste.
3
In Anta ghat area, for the fresh vegetable market 2 big dustbins of 4.5m capacity has been proposed
so that the waste generated form the market can be taken care.
The generated waste will be collected everyday by the maintenance staff and the collected waste will
be disposed to the secondary collection points to the nearby areas provided by PMC.
During festive season and when huge numbers of pilgrims gather at various ghats, additional waste
collection bin facility is generally provided by urban local body. Additionally, as part of the project few
such bins are proposed so that no direct waste disposal is being made to the river body.
4
This compliance mitigation measure is given on the basis of observation received from NMCG and World Bank on draft ESIA
report. The compliance to all such observations are given in Annexure 1.6.
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To minimize pious refuse to river Ganga small mesh barriers are proposed to screen these refuse.
Once screened these refuse may be taken by the Safai karmacharis for disposal to bins.
Apart from these identified projects, as part of the EMP a detailed environmental awareness program
has been proposed with the involvement of local schools. The awareness program can be in the
forms of waste cleaning, road play along the promenades.
 Aquatic Ecology/River Dolphin:
As mentioned in section 6.2, impact on dolphin is not envisaged from the project as the movement of
Dolphin is mostly concentrated in the left bank and the project is conceptualized in the right bank.
The indirect potential impact that may be envisaged from the project on Dolphin are in the form of the
following:
 Increase in tourism in the river section from right bank to left bank through and incorporation
of more speed boats;
 Leisure boat movement
 Increase in fishing activities (if any)
6.4.2 Mitigation Measure Proposed in Project:
Mitigation Measure:
The project area is not the usual route of Dolphins. Still, as part of the project measures are being
taken to enhance the natural condition of the river bank, exchange of nutrients so that natural habitats
are restores and enhanced during the operation stage.
The project will have the following facilities:

• Riparian edge restoration, planting long edge for biodiversity for wildlife, carbon reduction,
• Nitrogen and Phosphorus reduction through bio-filtration phytorid from sewage filled
discharge
• Solid waste management through in-situ aerobic composting (bio-degradable garbage only)
• Control of flood and overflowing through landscape along the banks and engineering
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Further as part of the project some measures are being taken towards conservation of the river
Dolphin as an integral of the project. The measures are:
 A Dolphin Research Centre has been proposed to work more on Dolphin research in the
project stretch , its behavior and maintaining data base.
 Additionally as part of the EMP a dolphin Conservation Committee has been proposed with
local university students and fishermen under the chairman ship of one of the scientist of the
Dolphin research centre. This committee will observe the conservation measures and
primarily will try to protect them from poaching. No Dolphin oil is however being used in Patna
Ganga region as a fish bait any more (they now use other animal fat).
 Another major problem to Gangetic Dolphin is the use of fine fishing nets in the upstream of
Patna city (around 5 km). Dolphins, being blind, get stuck into these nets (in their jaws) and
ultimately die. During the discussion with the fishermen, it was revealed that they also work as
informer to police for any kind of dolphin poaching activities etc. With the proposed Dolphin
Conservation Committee such participation will further improved as then the committee will
work formally.
Fine nets nowadays banned and is a curse Nets that are used in patna ghat area
for dolphin movement-not used in patna (approved one)
ghat areas any more
Ganga)
Small drain (not ganga)
Discussion with the fishermen along Pipe based makeshift bridge being used for
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project ghat people to cross the small channel to the

main part of Ganga (during lean season)
 As the habitat of dolphin is dependent upon many other factors, silt accumulation and river
ecology therefore as an integral part of the project research activities on river water quality
and ecology and Ganga Dolphin is felt more necessary. These research activities have been
thought of towards an overall integration of Patna RFD with other NGRBA components like
Sewerage Networks, STPs and Solid Waste Management on River Ecology and Ganga
Dolphin.
The PhD program will continue for 4 years minimum and hence this will also capture the
impact on river ecology and Ganga Dolphin (if any) from the Patna RFD or from the other
NGRBA programs and thus will generate significant database in the present project stretch
and some more sections in the upstream and downstream (minimum 2 km upstream and 2
km downstream).
The 2 PhD studentship will be mainly on:

PhD-1: River Water Quality and Ecology with establishment of suitable model (An integrated
silt -water quality- river ecology model like Delft-3D/Mike 21
PhD-2: Nature and Behaviour of Ganga Dolphin and present trend of their habitation
 Crowd During Festivals and associated risks:

The proposed project enhances the facilities for gathering of large number of devotees during
the “Chatth” festival and “Ganga Arati”. This may significantly increase the risk from over
crowding and chances of accidents from stampedes etc.
Mitigation Measure:
Various safety measures are being proposed in the project like proper access and exit route
of the ghat, crowd management and emergency facilities to minimize the anticipated impacts
if any. The details of risk and safety measures proposed in the project are given in section
6.4.
6.4.3 RISK ASSESSMENT AND SAFETY MEASURES:
As part of the project risk assessment and safety measures, carrying capacity approach has been
taken to understand the withstand capacity of the ghats as well as promenade for the maximum
number of population. Various tailor made safety measures are accordingly being proposed in the
project:
 Carrying capacity of the safety aspects:
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The aspect of carrying capacity is related to the carrying capacity of the Ghats as well as the
promenades in which during the festive season generally large number of people gathers.
One of the good aspects of the project that it will provide a large space to the devotees instead of
conglomeration of large density of people in one ghat. Project ghats and associated promenade will
facilitate to spread the devotees so that the concentration of large number of people at one place is
reduced.
 Calculation of carrying capacity on Ghats and Promenade:
The proposed Ghats are of the configuration of 60mx20-30m with a depth ranging between 24-30m.
The total area of a ghat approximately varies between 60x20=1200 sq.m to 60x30=1800 sq.m.
For example in anta ghat the area is 1800 sq. m where nearly 2-3 persons per Sq.m can be allowed
and thus it becomes around 5000 persons in Anta ghat that can be allowed at a time.
The load calculations are based upon IS code with a reference of 6 kilo Newton/sq.m.
It is estimated that overall around 1,00,000 people can be allowed with the proposed design of the
Ghats at a time within the 6.5 km of proposed project areas. The list of people allowable in each ghat
is given in table 6.2.
Table 6-2: Carrying Capacity Calculation for each of project ghats
Sl. Name of Ghats Size of Total Area Person

accommodate
No. the Ghats of the Ghats
at Ghats
1 Anta ghat (60x30) m 1800 sqm 5400 person
2 B.N.College ghat (60x24.50) m 1470 sqm 4400 person
3 Adalat ghat (70x25.80) m 1806 sqm 5400 person
4 Mishri ghat (60x35) m 2100 sqm 6300 person
5 T.N. Banerjee ghat (60x31.80) m 1908 sqm 5700 person
6 Krishna ghat (70x24.6) m 1722 sqm 5100 person
7 Brahva ghat (60x35) m 2100 sqm 6300 person
8 Rani ghat (60x28) m 1680 sqm 5000 person
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Sl. Name of Ghats Size of Total Area Person

accommodate
No. the Ghats of the Ghats
at Ghats
9 Gulvi ghat (40 x 10) m 400 sqm 100 person
10 Ghagha ghat (60x28) m 1680 sqm 5000 person
11 Raushan ghat (60x24.50) m 1470 sqm 4400 person
12 Choudhary Tola ghat (60x27.80) m 1668 sqm 5000 person
13 Pathri ghat (70x35) m 2450 sqm 7300 person
14 Alamganj ghat (70x35) m 2450 sqm 7300 person
15 Laurwa ghat (60x27) m 1620 sqm 4800 person
16 Hanuman ghat (60x27) m 1620 sqm 4800 person
17 Raja ghat (70x23.80) m 1666 sqm 5000 person
18 Gai ghat (40x46.45) m 1858 sqm 5500 person
19 Bhadra ghat (90x40) m 3600 sqm 10000 person
20 Mahavir ghat (60x40) m 2400 sqm 7000 person
21 Nauzar ghat (60x40) m 2400 sqm 7000 person
Accordingly safe structural designs are being incorporated in the project.
Health and Safety Measures: In addition to carrying capacity the project will also undertake following
general health and safety measures are given below:
 Generic Health and safety measures;

 Belts all along the ghats;
 PPE use;
 Inaccessibility to children; (Construction Netting);
 Medical check up ;
 Local labour will be hired for the project to the extent possible and no camping along the
project areas would be allowed;
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 4 ambulances (for 2 years of project construction period) shall be provided for any type of
medical emergency;
 Contacts with nearby hospital, primary health centres etc. shall be established;
 Reporting format for accidents and near miss accidents shall be prepared and will be
maintained and will be monitored on fortnightly basis by the SHE (Safety, Health and
Environmental ) officer of the project;
 Chaat festival will be restricted to these ghats during construction period;
 Side Access for pedestrian movements at Mahendru ghat;
 Refuge access;
 All along promenades for better accessibility
 One way traffic to ghat where the accessibility is less than 6m;
 In other cases 2 way traffic can be provided;
Safety measures towards the access to the promenade from Collectorate ghat to Rani ghat:
Access to the promenade has been increased by proposed pedestrian streets connecting the existing
street network to the promenade
a. 6m wide access proposed between Collectorate complex and Bankipur club

b. 2.5m proposed adjoining SBI Campus towards Proposed Anta ghat.
c. 3m between B.N.College and Ganga mahal towards Proposed B.N.College ghat
d. 6m between GM residence and Railway reservation Centre towards Mahendru ghat.
e. 4.5m along Patna college campus towards proposed Adalat ghat
f. 6m adjoining Patna medical college and hospital towards Proposed Mishri ghat.
g. 6m towards proposed Banerjee ghat
h. 6m adjoining Darbanga house towards Kali ghat
i. 6m adjoining Patna college science and NIT towards Patna college ghat
j. 6m towards proposed Krishna ghat
k. 5m adjoining engineering college building towards Gandhi ghat
l. 6m adjoining Law college towards proposed Bharawa ghat
m. 4m through campus university quarter towards Rani ghat
Streets below above 5m width are to be used for two way pedestrian traffic and streets under 5m are
used as one way towards the promenade and alternate access roads made away from promenade
Safe gathering areas (Refuge areas) are provided at Gandhi ghat, Adalat ghat, B.N. College ghat.
Refuge areas are connected to evacuation routes. The details of refuge access routes are shown in
Appendix-1.
Evacuation routes are provided at an interval of (approx.) 300m leading away from promenade and
Ghats.
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Provision for Ambulance access and parking on each evacuation route
1 life guard station provided at every ghat.
 Crowd Management during festivals:
The crowd management is an important aspect for minimizing the safety hazards and risks related to
it. In Patna the crowd management during the festivals is the responsibility of District Magistrate and
his team. Generally it is like they depute number of police personnel in each of the Ghats with
separate access route for ongoing and outgoing visitors.
In this regard recently a District level Disaster Management Plan has been prepared and the draft
report is under the approval stage. The draft management plan includes the arrangement for following
aspects:
 Adequate crowd management through limiting the time of stay of persons in the ghats;
 The suggested measures adopted in the project can also be shared with the DM so that
accordingly crowd management can be made;
 Separate entry and exit route to minimize any panic related hazard;
 Close circuit television at strategic points as well as in the entry and exit point to monitor
traffic inflow and outflow;
 Adopting the proposed access routes as suggested in the project for crowd management;
 Ensure that the maximum allowable load of persons in the Ghats as suggested in the project
does not exceed at any point of time;
 Adequate signage shall be provided along with public address system through media,
newspapers and Addressal by the polices;
 Policing to restrict the entry of any kind of vehicles towards the ghat approach roads during
the festival season, only pedestrians are allowed along the approach roads;
 Life boat and life jackets shall be provided in each ghat to provide safety during any kind of
emergency conditions;
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7. PUBLIC CONSULTATION & STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION
7.1 Introduction
Consultation is a process in the project cycle in which an attempt is made to involve the public as
stakeholders in project preparation through consultation and focus group discussion meetings.
Stakeholders’ participation and consultation have been viewed as a continual course of action, which
promote public understanding and help eradicate hurdles in the way of the project. Consultation
during project preparation as an integral part of the social assessment process not only minimizes the
risks and unwanted propaganda against the project but also removes the gap between the community
and the project formulators, which leads to timely completion of the project and making the project
people friendly.
7.2 Methods of Public Consultation
Keeping in mind the objective of minimizing adverse impact and the need of the stakeholders’
participation for the smooth implementation of the project, consultation with the members of different
sections of society, the affected people, identified vulnerable groups including women headed
households, slum dwellers regular Ghat visitors, venders, boatman, vegetable seller, tourist and
students of the project area were carried out. The consultation with vulnerable people was made with
the aim of building awareness among them so that likely potential adverse impacts of the project on
the target vulnerable population may be minimized. In this regard several meetings were organized at
various locations, as detailed in this chapter. Consultations were carried at different level (Table 7.1)
to elicit required information (their view & opinions).
Table 7-1: Levels of Consultations
Key Stakeholders Types of Consultations

Local communities Individual interview, field level observations,
community consultations & meetings
Individual affected households Census & Socio – economic Survey
Tourists & Students Focus Group Discussions
Women’s groups Focus Group Discussions

Other vulnerable groups (SC, OBC etc.) Focus Group Discussions
Fisher man and Boat mans Focus Group Discussions
Vegetable seller Focus Group Discussions
Slum dwellers Focus Group Discussions
The main objectives of undertaking these consultations were:
 To make affected persons aware of the project impacts and broad provisions of the R&R policy
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 Dissemination of information to build awareness among APs and inform them about the objective of
the project.
 Discuss about the training requirements to enhance their skills & restore the livelihood.
7.3 Consultation with affected households
Public consultation is a continual process and is being carried out at all stages throughout the project
period. In order to document the issues raised by the potential APs, public consultations were
conducted in all Ghats. Some of the Affected Persons expressed their views about the proposed ghat
Development project. A summary of different issues discussed with the potentially affected persons
are given below.
1. Public Consultation on Environment and Social Management Framework

(NGRBA) held with Vegetable sellers Community at Anta Ghat, Patna
Minutes
th
Date: 19 Sep, 2012 Time: 10:00 to 11:30 Place: Anta Ghat
Attended by: Consultancy team from VOYATS

1. Dr. Dushyant Mishra
2. Mr. Y P Mishra
3. Mr. Ashok kumar
4. Mr. Avadhesh Das
Name of participants:
1. Nanank Rai
2. Shambhu
3. Harinder
4. Subhas
5. Shatrughan
6. Rohit
7. Shiv Poojan
8. Virendar
9. Rajkumar
10. Nandoo
11. Asharfi Rai
12. Om Prakash
The public consultation meeting was flagged-off by Dr. Dushyant Mishra who welcomed the
participants and briefed them about the agenda of the meeting. Further the meeting was carried
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forward by Mr. Y P Mishra, who presented the details about the NGRBA project, future
government plans, possible assistance by World Bank, overall significance of ESMF, stake-holder
participation during the project, etc. A brief summary of all the important points discussed during
the meeting are mentioned in the following points:
 Construction of partially build religious structure

 proper sanitation facilities to the Vegetable growers coming from Diara for selling their vegetables to the
whole sale dealers
 Construction of Pucca road up to the Ghat for better accessibility for commuters
 cleaning of the Ghat and stop direct dumping of vegetable wastes in the river Ganga
 Develop a sewerage treatment plant before this Ghat
 Ensure participation of Vegetable Venders for the maintenance of Ghat after rejuvenation/ maintenance
The meeting was concluded by Mr. Y. P. Mishra followed by vote of thanks given by Mr. Ashok
Kumar.
Public Consultation with local people at anta Ghat

(NGRBA) held with Slum dwellers at Mahendu Ghat, Patna
Minutes
th
Date: 19 Sep, 2012 Time: 12:00 to 1:30 Place: Mahendru Ghat
2. Mr. Y P Mishra
3. Mr. Ashok
4. Mr. Avadhesh Das
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1. Makhiya Devi
2. Rajan
3. Ganesh Ram
4. Amar Kumar
5. Abhishek Kumar
6. Kailash Kumar
7. Arvind Malik
8. Umesh Ram
9. Pradeep Kumar
10. Shambhu Ram
forward by Mr. Y P Mishra, who presented the details about the NGRBA project, future government
plans, possible assistance by World Bank, overall significance of ESMF, stake-holder participation
during the project, etc. A brief summary of all the important points discussed during the meeting are
mentioned in the following points:
 Develop approach road Problem of direct access of the Ghat for the community
 Develop an approach road for the access of Ghat by the slum dwellers/Ghat users
 Improve the sanitation and basic facilities for the slum dwellers
 Water logging problem in the slum
 Employment Opportunity for Slum Dwellers during construction work
Kumar.
Public Consultation with the slum dwellers at Mahendru Ghat
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(NGRBA) held with Woman group at T N Banerjee Ghat, Patna
Minutes
th
Date: 20 Sep, 2012 Time: 10:00 to 12:30 Place: T N Banerjee

2. Mr. Y P Mishra
3. Mr. Ashok
4. Mr. Avadhesh Das
1. Jooli Kumari
2. Munni Devi
3. Asha Devi
4. Khushabu devi
5. Geeta Devi
6. Sadhana Devi
7. Chanda Devi
8. Mamata Devi
9. Keshari Devi
10. Seema kumara
11. Rajani Devi
 Problem of toilet and bathroom facility for woman

 Lack of basic facilities like water, electricity in the slum
 Employment issue also raised by woman and slum dwellers
 Slum is situated at highly risk prone area
Kumar.
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Public Consultation at Dr. T.N.Banerjee Ghat
4. Public Consultation on Social Management Framework (NGRBA) held with

Vulnerable Community at Mishri Ghat, Patna
Minutes
th
Date: 21 Sep, 2012 Time: 9:30 to 11:00 Place: Mishri Ghat

2. Mr. Y P Mishra
3. Mr. Ashok Kumar
4. Mr. Avadhesh Das
1. Uday Malik
2. Munna Ram
3. Sunil Malik
4. Sujeet Ram
5. Kanhae Ram
6. Suraj Malik
7. Gudiya devi
8. Rinki devi
9. Manju
10. Videshwar Mahato
11. Lalan Mahato
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 Construction for community toilets and sanitary latrines for slum dwellers
 Problem of water and electricity for slum dwellers
 Employment problem in vulnerable groups were found
 Increase employment opportunity in construction work . APs should be given priority for getting
employment.
Public Consultation with Mishri Ghat

(NGRBA) held with Fisher Man and Boatman Community at Baharwa Ghat,
Patna
Minutes
th
Date: 21 Sep, 2012 Time: 12:00 to 1:00 Place: Baharwa Ghat

2. Mr. Y P Mishra
3. Mr. Ashok Kumar
4. Mr. Avadhesh Das
1. Lalan yadav
2. Bachcha ray
3. Vijay Rai
4. Gulab Prasad
5. Amir lal
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6. Styanarayan
7. Bhikhan Rai
8. Ashok Chand
9. Gopal Rai
10. Sujan Rai
11. Amarjeet Rai
12. Sanjay Rai
 Provide proper sanitation facilities along with efficient operation and maintenance system to
the Fisher man/ boatman community using Ghat and regular Ghat visitors for taking bath in
the Holy River
 In the rejuvenation of Baharwa Ghat special emphasis should be given on the deepening of
Ghats and sufficient space for boats man
 In order to ensure proper cleaning of the Ghats dumping of solid waste must be stopped near
river Ganga by community
 Ensure participation of Fisher man/ boatman community for the maintenance of Ghat after
rejuvenation
Kumar.
Public Consultation With Local boatmen and fishermen
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(NGRBA) held with Ghat users at Gulvi Ghat (Vaikunth dham), Patna
Minutes
th
Date: 21 Sep, 2012 Time: 1:30 to 2:30 Place: Gulvi Ghat

6. Mr. Y P Mishra
7. Mr. Ashok
8. Mr. Avadhesh Das
1. Naresh Thakur
2. Gulshan Thakur
3. Chotu Kumar
4. Shobhit Singh
5. Sakaldeep Singh
6. Pradip Singh
7. Ramavtar Rai
8. Maheshwar Rai
9. Janardan Pandit
10. Rampukar Rai
11. Rameshwar Singh
 Lack of space on the Ghat for people who comes for buried the dead bodies
 Approach road is congested because of vendors sitting along the road.
 Ghat should be wide and attractive.
 Provision for proper sanitation facilities for the Ghat users
Kumar.
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Consultation with local people at Gulvi Ghat-Crematorium

(NGRBA) held with Students at Patna Collage Ghat, Patna
Minutes
th
Date: 21 Sep, 2012 Time: 3:00 to 4:00 Place: Patna Collage Ghat

2. Mr. Y P Mishra
3. Mr. Ashok Kumar
4. Mr. Avadhesh Das
1. Manish Tiwari
2. Ramayan Ram
3. Sunil Jaiswal
4. Shakti Singh
5. Sushil Kumar
6. Amit Singh
7. Aman Singh
8. Rajesh Yadav
9. Mulchand Agrawal
10. Rajveer Singh
11. Pawan Kumar
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 Approach should be improved of all the Ghats so one can reach easily with their vehicle.
 Availability of Safe Drinking water facility should be ensured at each Ghat.
 Fixation of Dustbins at various places and provision of modern Sanitation facility should be provided at
each Ghat
 Provision of good quality canteens at major Ghats should be ensured
 Disposal of sewerage system directly in to rivers must be stopped immediately..
 Student should involve in Awareness campaign regarding Saving of Holy Ganga.
Kumar.
Consultation with Students at Patna College

(NGRBA) held with Tourists and Regular Ghat visitors at Gandhi Ghat, Patna
Minutes
th
Date: 21 Sep, 2012 Time: 4:30 to 6:00 Place: Gandhi Ghat

2. Mr. Y P Mishra
3. Mr. Ashok Kumar
4. Mr. Avadhesh Das
1. Ankit Kumar
2. Rahul Raj
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3. Prem Mishra
4. Susheel Kumar Singh
5. Uma Kumari
6. Madhavi Kumari
7. Birendra Singh
8. Nand Jee Singh
9. Radjeet Sharma
10. Vinod Sharma
11. Jitendra Shrivastav
12. Padmeshchand Shrivastav
 Development of proper approach roads from all weather roads.

 Drinking water facility should be ensured properly
 Daily cleaning of Ghat for attracting more spiritual tourists during Aarti.
 Park should be developed and clothes should not be dry on the railings of the park
 Proper place should be determined for the spiritual activities (Mundan etc.)
 Development/ increase of cafeteria and its modernization according to the social needs.
 Safety of tourists from bad elements in and around the Ghat area.
Public Consultation with the local people at Gandhi ghat with local tourists
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8. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The Environment Management Action Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development of
the proposed river front development project in Patna both during the construction as well as during
operational phases. The EMP is site and time specific.
The implementation of EMP is important. For this an institutional framework has been developed and
roles and responsibilities of the various line departments are made. Some capacity development
program are also identified as part of the EMP as sub-project. The essence of the project is its proper
maintenance and integrating it with the other projects being organized by NGRBA’s investment
program.
In general, the urban development department, Bihar known as Bihar Urban Infrastructure
Development Corporation Ltd. (BUIDCo) (with assistance from Contractor and Independent
Engineer/Supervision Consultant) is the responsible entity for ensuring that the mitigation measures
as suggested in the ESMP are carried out. Mitigation measures for Environment and Social impacts
are listed in Table 8-1. The list provides reference implementing organisation and responsible entity.
8.1 Specific activities by BUIDCo
The role of BUIDCo in the implementation of ESMP involves the following activities:
 EIA clearance from NGRBA and World Bank;

 Disclosure of ESIA document as well as in the info shop of World Bank and
 Permission from line department for laying of drainage line, construction of Sulabh toilets and
connection to city sewer line
 Permission for tree felling (if any)
 Displacement of encroachers from project site
8.2 Specific activities by Contractor
The activities to be performed by the contractor to implement the ESMP shall comprise the following:
 Obtain consent to establish from state pollution control board under air and water act;
 Felling of trees (if at all required) with the prior permission of Forest Department;
 Finalizing the selection of material sources (quarry and borrow material, etc.) and shall follow
necessary guidelines as given in Annexure 1.1, and Annexure 1.2).
 Selection, design and layout of construction areas, labour camps etc. (Refer Annexure 1.6)
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8.3 Implementation of EMP
The Environmental Officer of the contractor should be available for the entire duration of the project
and shall be primarily responsible for compliance of EMP. The Environmental Specialist from the
Independent Engineer/ Supervision Consultant shall monitor the compliance of the EMP and all the
design drawings of various civil structures shall be implemented after his approval. The proposed
organogram for the implementation and monitoring of ESMP is presented in figure 8-1.
SPMG of NGRBA
State Pollution
Control Board
Managing Director BUIDCo
CGM
GM (Tech) GM (Works) GM (Admin.)
Scheme Implementation Team (including EMP and R&R implementation)
Team Leader
(Supervision Consultant)
Project Manager
(Contractor)
Environmental Expert Environmental Officer

(Supervision Consultant) (Contractor)
Figure 8-1: Organization Structure for Implementation of EMP
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Table 8-1: Environment Management Plan
Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Mitigation Measures Location Time Frame Cross reference
Impact / Aspect
Implementation Supervision
DESIGN STAGE
Issues from
Various issues raised were examined & suitably Along the
stakeholder During Design Contractor BuidCo EIA and DPR
incorporated based on merit & other road safety measures. ghats
Consultations
PRE-CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Along the ghats
No tree cutting is involved. If any of them are unavoidable Before
or it City Parks
Tree cutting for cutting then Compensatory afforestation shall be made in construction Contractor Buidco Forest Act
proposed in the
city park proposed as part of the project. starts
project
Mobilisation & Site Clearance
Before
Vegetation will be removed from the ghat section before the
Removal of Along the ghats construction Contractor BuidCo DPR
commencement of Construction.
Vegetation Starts
Slum population will be cleared as per the social Before

Clearing of Slums assessment and compensation shall be paid before Along the ghats construction BuidCo BuidCo DPR
construction starts Starts
Specifications of plant and machinery to be procured need National

Procurement of to comply to the relevant national standard norms and with Prior to Ambient Air and
plants and the requirements of emission control and noise pollution mobilization at Contractor BuidCo Noise Quality
machineries abatement requirement as per the standards prescribed by site Standard of
CPCB CPCB
Setting up of The construction camps will be located at least 500m away construction During Contractor SC, BUIDCo Appendix 1.3 of
5
Some of the mitigation measures are preventive in nature while some others include additional measures in terms of environmental conservation and involve physical and construction work.
6
Unless otherwise stated, the Project Site covers area around the ghats.
7
Time frame refers to the duration or instant of time when the mitigation measures will be taken.
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Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Impact / Aspect
construction from habitations and there must be necessary (temporary) campsite Establishment, EIA report.
camps living accommodation and ancillary facilities as approved by Operation and
the supervision consultant (SC). Dismantling of
Such Camps.
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Land
Main reason of soil erosion is the construction along the
bank. Contractor should plan the activities so that proper
surface pitching is done to avoid loose soil. Following
Upon
preventive measures to be taken such as:
completion of
 Embankment slopes to be covered, soon after construction
Soil Erosion and completion. Standard
activities at
Sedimentation Along the ghats Contractor BuidCo engineering
 Vegetation growth along the banks to be maintained for these sites.
control practices,
soil stability;
 Proper drainage be maintained to minimize erosion. During
construction
 Top soil from borrow area, construction site to be
protected / covered for soil erosion.
 Quarry material shall be sourced from approved and

licensed aggregate and sand quarries. Copy of licenses to
be submitted to the SC. Standard
 For operating new quarries, the Contractor shall obtain Engineering
materials from quarries only after consent of concerned Practices and
Quarrying During
authorities and only after development of a comprehensive Along the ghats Contractor SC, BuidCo Appendix 1.1
Material sources construction
quarry’ redevelopment plan. and Appendix
 Adequate safety precautions shall be ensured during 1.2 of EIA
report.
transportation of quarry material from quarries to the
construction site. Vehicles transporting the material shall be
covered to prevent spillage. Operations to be undertaken by
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Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Impact / Aspect
the Contractor as per the direction and satisfaction of the

SC.
 The top soil will be covered is required to be taken during
construction;
Standard
 Top soil to be stored in stockpiles and shall be covered. During practice, WB
Loss of top soil  Stockpiles to be designed in such a way that slope do not Along the ghats construction
Contractor SC, BuidCo
safeguard
exceed 1:2 (vertical to horizontal). documents
 Silt fencing to protect the edges of the pile and height of
stockpiles to be restricted to 2m.
 Oil & fuel spills from construction equipment shall be At fuel storage
controlled by good O&M practices; areas – usually
Contamination of  Contaminated soil shall be disposed of as per guidelines at construction During
SC, BuidCo,
Guidelines of
of CPCB and be sold to an approved vendor camps, Construction. Contractor CPCB and World
soil SPIU
 Vehicle maintenance and refuelling in construction camps temporarily Bank
should be confined to areas with traps oil / grease to acquired site.
prevent wastewater from entering into rivers and streams
Debris generated due to the dismantling of the existing ghats
and other concrete structures (Collectorate ghat) and
buildings and slums shall be stored at a place sufficiently
Generation of Throughout During Guidelines of
away from the main channel of Ganga.
Debris Project Corridor. Construction Contractor SC, BuidCo CPCB and World
Bank
The generated debris shall be re-used efficiently if found
suitable for using mainly as fill materials and stone pitching
work.
AIR
 Vehicles covering construction materials shall be Beginning with
covered; Along the & throughout
ghats, all
Dust Generation  Regular water sprinkling at areas of dust generation. access roads,
construction
until side
temporarily
acquired sites. slopes are
covered.
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Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Impact / Aspect
 Regular pollution under check for construction vehicles

Equipment shall be made; Along the
ghats, all
Selection,  Further, idling of vehicles to be stopped during access roads,
During
Maintenance and construction period; Construction.
temporarily
Operation  Automatic diesel logger may be installed in vehicles to acquired sites
minimise idling
Water
 Ghats need to be constructed during dry season, with
adequate drainage facility to take away the construction
spillage to an area sufficiently away from the river Ganga
and finally can be disposed to the city sewer line after
approval of SC;
 Debris generated due to the excavation of foundation or
due to the dismantling of existing structure will be
removed from the water course.
 Temporary Silt trap fencing to be provided on the mouth
of discharge into Ganga to avoid any kind of silt deposit
Along the
during the construction work; Whenever
ghats, all
Alteration of  Adequate sanitation and waste management facility to be access roads,
encountered
drainage provided in construction camp as per Appendix 1.3 of during
temporarily
EIA report and it is to be ensured that no liquid or solid construction
acquired sites
waste get disposed into river Ganga during the
construction period.
 If emulsion or pints are being used then care shall be
taken to see that they are not mixed with water of Ganga;
 Interceptor drains to be given to take the liquid waste
from building lines and connect the same to city sewer
line. During such construction care must be taken to
ensure that no damage is made to any kind of drain so
that waste is not get disposed to Ganga;
Along the
Silting /  Measures suggested under “Soil Erosion and ghats, all
Throughout
Contractor SC, BudCo
sedimentation Sedimentation control” will be enforced. access roads,
construction
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Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Impact / Aspect
 Silt fencing is provided around water bodies. temporarily period

acquired sites
Cultural Resources and Temples
 As part of the project no cultural
resources/temple/mosque shall be demolished;
 Care shall be taken during the construction work that Throughout
vibration impact does not destabilize these cultural construction,
In and around
resources as they are old structures; hence if piling work ghat locations special care for
Impact on is to be done near these structures then adequate and near to the no construction For technical
structures during vibration muffler shall be used with proper technical Contractor SC, BuidCo
temple and during puja specification
construction specification cultural activities,
 During construction these resources shall be significantly resource areas worshipping
covered to avoid any impact from construction. The
time etc.
construction work near these cultural resources shall be
avoided during the scheduled puja activities, worshipping
time etc.
Noise
 Construction activities especially the use of impact pile
drivers shall be restricted during evening and night time
hours (7 p.m. to 6 a.m.)
 All jackhammers and pavement breakers used on the
construction site shall be fitted with manufacturer’s
approved exhaust muffler. Various plant
and machinery
Noise from  Use of pneumatic impact equipment shall be restricted All the ghat
section and Throughout manufacturing
Vehicles, Plants 100m from noise sensitive locations, cultural resources Contractor SC, BuidCo
surrounding construction guidelines and
and Equipment during night time. Instead of pneumatic hammers electric, area OSHA
hydraulic hammers could be used.
guidelines
 Use hydraulic or vibro impact hammers in place of diesel
hammers for piling work;
 The local power grid shall be used to limit generator
noise
 Provision of ear-plugs to contractors exposed to high
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Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Impact / Aspect
noise levels.
Flora and Fauna

 No loss is envisaged as all the trees to be maintained;
 Careful monitoring shall be made if any single tree cutting All the ghat After
Loss of trees and is involved in the project; section and completion of
Avenue Planting  Fuel provision shall be made in construction camp and surrounding construction
canteen like LPG so that no tree cutting get involved for camp area activities
fuel wood.
 Construction workers must protect natural resources and
All the ghat
wild animals especially Dolphin section and During
Fauna Contractor SC, BuidCo
 Hunting will be strictly prohibited. surrounding construction
area
 The Dolphins are restricted in the left bank only as found
during discussion with local fishermen, ZSI etc. and other
research personnel and the project to be construction in
the right bank,
 Strict monitoring shall be made with the help of local
fishermen and police personnel of Patna so that no All the ghat
hunting of Dolphin is being made during construction section and During
Gangetic Dolphin Contractor SC, BuidCo
stage; surrounding construction
 No release of toxic contaminant (like emulsion, paint etc.) area
shall be released to river Ganga as part of the project
and any kind of waste water generated from the project
be restricted to have any kind of impact on Dolphin;
 Any kind of fishing activity by construction workers shall
be restricted
Socio-Economic Environment
The Concessionaire / Contractor will provide, erect and Ghat sections During
Accidents Contractor SC, BuidCo
maintain barricades, including signs marking flats, lights and and approach Construction
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Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Impact / Aspect
flagmen as required by the SC along the ghat sections, roads

approach roads etc.
Nearly 142 households are getting as part of the project.
Affected population will be compensated as per NPRR and
WB policy and entitlement framework as detailed in the SIA
Resettlement During Contractor, Appendix 1.4
study separately. BuidCo
Action of People Construction BuidCo and SIA report
The specific R&R measures to be followed is given in

Appendix 1.4
Nearly 5 families do run scuh dairy and cow shelters in T.N
Banerjee ghat. They will be provided with one time financial
Resettlement of assistance @ Rs 25,000 and they will be provided training T.N. Banerjee During Contractor, Appendix 1.4
BuidCo
CoW shelters for dairy management. They will be shifted to other place as Ghat Construction BuidCo and SIA report
CoW shelters and Dairy units can’t get operated along the
ghats
Risk and Safety
 Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent danger
from electrical equipment.
 Precautions shall be made to provide proper access
route to the devotees to access the cultural
resources/temples during the construction stage along
with adequate signage to avoid any accidents;
Risk and Safety  The safety workers shall be taken care as per the
from construction prevailing norms and life boat and jackets shall be kept in Entire Project During SC, BuidCo EHS guidelines
Contractor
site. Construction of WB
activities adequate numbers so that if there any accident happens
then rescue operation can start within no time;
 No material or any of the sites will be so stacked or
placed as to cause danger or inconvenience to any
person or the public.
 All necessary fencing and lights will be provided to
protect the public.
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Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Impact / Aspect
All reasonable precaution will be taken to prevent danger of

the workers and the public from fire, flood, drowning, etc. All
Risk caused by Entire Project During
necessary steps will be taken for prompt first aid treatment Contractor SC, BuidCo
Force’ Majure site Construction
of all injuries likely to be sustained during the course of
work.
 To ensure safety of the temporary accesses during
construction, safety devices shall be installed.
 Workers undertaking various operations during
Safety Measures
construction shall be protected by providing helmets, All construction During
During Contractor SC, BuidCo
masks, safety goggles, hand gloves and rubber boots sites construction
Construction
etc.
 First aid kits shall be provided at construction site for
workers to meet minor accidents during construction
 At every workplace, good and sufficient water supply
shall be maintained to avoid waterborne / water-related /
water-based diseases to ensure the health and hygiene
of workers. All Worker’s During
Hygiene Contractor SC, BuidCo Appendix 1.3
 Adequate drainage, mobile toilets shall be provided at Camps construction
workplace.
 Preventive Medical care shall be provided to workers.
 An action plan shall be prepared and implemented
OPERATION STAGE
 Sulabh toilets and waste management program shall be Along the ghat BuidCo BuidCo
undertaken along the ghat sections so as to minimize section.
Water quality water pollution. During
degradation  For taking care of pious refuse mesh barricades shall be PhD for the Operational
provided at selected locations where rituals are taken. ganga river Stage
The pious refuse would then be collected and disposed to stretch in Bihar
the municipal waste bins.
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Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Impact / Aspect
 One PhD study shall be initiated along with project to

create a large database of water quality in Ganga along
the project stretch for a period of 3 years (post
construction) and setting up of a water quality model
integrating silt, water quality and aquatic ecology with
some 3Dimensional model.
As part of the project necessary green areas along the banks BuidCo BuidCo
will be protected as well as new green areas in terms of city Entire Project
parks shall be created. This will provide necessary bank During
Soil Erosion corridor bank
stability. Operational
length
Stage
Further, riparian edge restoration program will be undertaken
to maintain natural habitat.
To minimize the waste disposal in river Ganga, the following
measures shall be undertaken:
 Environmental Awareness Program along among

the citizen who will come and use the project ghats
Solid Waste and promenades as public space for proper use of Appendix 1.6
Management toilet and putting waste in disposal bins; awareness
through newspaper, television, radio and local
cinema halls could be effective. Further IEC
material may be spread through various sections of
project stretch to ensure awareness;
 Provide adequate facilities for bins and transfer
collected waste to nearest secondary bins
As part of the project a Dolphin Research centre is proposed BuidCo BuidCo
to be developed under the chairmanship of renowned
scientists/Ecologist Along the ghats
Dolphin and Ganga river During
Conservation Further to conserve the Dolphins a Dolphin Conservation stretch for the Operational
Committee is proposed as part of the project who will keep a conservation Stage
strong vigil and report any kind of mishappening to the
Dolphin Research Centre and local police station.
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Responsibility
Environmental 5 6 7
Impact / Aspect
The Dolphin conservation committee shall comprise of local

fishermen, students, volunteers etc.
One PhD study will be sponsored as part of the fresh water

ecology for the impact on Dolphin from various threats
mainly from the Patna RFD and then further integrating the
same from
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8.4 Environmental Monitoring Program
The Environmental Monitoring Programme has been detailed out in Table 8-2. Successful
implementation of the Environmental Monitoring Program is contingent on the following:
 The Supervision Consultant (SC) is to request the Contractor to commence all the initial tests for
monitoring (i.e. for Air, Water Quality and Noise Levels) early in the Contract to establish 'base' readings
(i.e. to assess the existing conditions prior to effects from the Construction activities being felt);
 The SC to request the Concessionaire / Contractor to submit for approval a proposed schedule of
subsequent periodic tests to be carried out;
 Monitoring by the SC’s Environmental Officer of all the environmental monitoring tests, and subsequent
analysis of results;
 Where indicated by testing results, and any other relevant on-site conditions, SC to instruct the
Concessionaire / Contractor to:
o Modify the testing schedule (dates, frequency);
o Modify (add to or delete) testing locations;
o Verify testing results with additional testing as/if required;
o Require recalibration of equipment, etc., as necessary; and,
o Request the Concessionaire to stop, modify or defer specific construction equipment, processes,
etc., as necessary, that are deemed to have contributed significantly to monitoring readings in
excess of permissible environmental "safe" levels.
8.4.1 Monitoring of Concessionaire / Contractor's Facilities, Plant and Equipment

 All issues related to negative environmental impacts of the Contractor's Facilities, Plant and equipment are
to be controlled through:
 The Contractor's self-imposed quality assurance plan
 Regular / periodic inspection of the Concessionaire / Contractor’s plant and equipment
 Monthly appraisal of the Contractor.
Other environmental impacts are to be regularly identified and noted on the monthly appraisal
inspection made to review all aspects of the Contractor's operation. The officer is to review all monthly
appraisal reports, and through the team leader is to instruct the Contractor to rectify all significant
negative environmental impacts.
8.5 Integration of Other NGRBA Programs with Patna RFD
Patna RFD is only one of the portfolios of investments under NGRBA towards cleaning the Ganga. In
Patna alone Patna RFD can’t reduce the pollution load that is coming into river Ganga in the form of
raw sewage or semi-treated sewage. The city urgently needs construction of STPs and establishing
sewerage networks to minimize the waste load to river Ganga. These investments are required to be
taken up in priority under NGRBA as then only the proposed Patna RFD will sustain aesthetically.
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8.6 Environmental Budget
The environmental budget for the various environmental management measures proposed in the
ESMP is detailed in Table 8-3. There are several other environmental issues that have been
addressed as part of good engineering practices, the costs for which have been accounted for in the
Engineering Cost. The rates adopted for the budget has been worked out on the basis of market rates
and the Schedule of rates. Various environmental aspects covered/will be covered under engineering
costs are listed below:
 Turfing and Pitching of slopes with landscaoing work
 Riparian Edge Restoration

 Sulabh toilets with septic tanks and connection to city sewer
 Drainage along the ghats to collect the discharge from the residents and connecting to city sewer
 City Parks and beautification work etc.
 Safety Measures and Exist routes
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Table 8-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan

Env.
Compone Stage Institutional Responsibilities
nt
Parameter Standards Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision
3
PM10 μg /m , Plant site, and at 1 seasons Contractor through approved
Const
ructio
3
PM2.5 μg/m , locations of baseline annually except monitoring agency/Lab SC
n
SO2, NOX, CO CPCB monitoring monsoon

>
3
PM10 μg /m , Once in a year Contractor through approved
ation
Oper
3 At locations of
PM2.5 μg/m , except monsoon monitoring agency/Lab SC
baseline monitoring
SO2, NOX, CO for first 5 years.
pH,
temperature,
Grab sampling,
DO, BOD, COD,
Construction
once during
Oil &
construction for Contractor through approved
Grease, Total At locations of
pre-monsoon, monitoring agency/Lab SC
Surface Water Quality
Suspended construction of ghats

monsoon and
Solid, turbidity,
post monsoon at
Total Hardness,
Surface Water all ghats
Chlorine, Iron,
Quality Standard
Total Coliform.
IS:3025
pH,
Grab sampling,
temperature, Oil
once in a years
&
Operation
for first 5 years at Contractor through approved

Grease, Total At locations of
4 urban precincts monitoring agency/Lab SC
Suspended baseline monitoring
in up stream and
Solid, turbidity,
downstream and
Chlorine, Iron,
one control.
sulphate, nitrate
Leq dB (A) (Day
Ambient Noise
Constructi
Once during
and Night) Contractor through approved
Levels
Noise
Standard At ghat construction construction at

on
Average and monitoring agency/Lab SC

CPCB sites and promenade ghat construction
Peak values
sites
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Env.
Compone Stage Institutional Responsibilities
nt
Parameter Standards Locations Frequency Implementation Supervision
Leq dB (A) (Day
Operation
and Night) Contractor through approved

At locations of Once in year for
Average and st monitoring agency/Lab SC
baseline monitoring 1 5 years
Peak values
Physical
Parameter:
Near Construction
Texture, Grain
sites along the ghat
Size, Gravel,
at locations of
Sand, Silt, Clay;
Construction
baseline monitoring Once in a season

Chemical Contractor through approved
and areas of storage except monsoon
Parameter: pH, monitoring agency/Lab SC
of materials, for construction
Conductivity,
equipments, period
Calcium,
construction camp
Magnesium,
etc.
Sodium,
Nitrogen,
Soil
Absorption Ratio
Physical :
Texture, Grain
Size, Gravel,
Sand, Silt, Clay;
Chemical
Operation
Contractor through approved

Parameter: pH, Once in a year
monitoring agency/Lab SC
Conductivity, for first 5 years,
Calcium,
Magnesium,
Sodium,
Nitrogen,
Absorption Ratio
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Table 8-3:Environmental Budget

Total cost (INR)
Item Unit cost
Component Description Unit Quantity Cost
No. (INR) Detailed Cost
(Lakh)
1 MITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT COST
Environmental Awareness program towards minimizing the pollution problem for solid
Environmental
1.1 waste management, water pollution prevention and minimizing impact on Dolphin etc. No. Lumpsum 11,00,000 11,00,000.00 11
Awareness
through preparaing of IEC materials, media advertisement, clippings in cinema hall etc.
Soil Erosion restoration work like retaining wall, edge restoration work, turfing and
1.2 Soil Covered in Engineering Cost
vegetative cover,
Health and Establishing of Construction Camp including facilities for drinking water, waste water
1.3 Covered in Engineering Cost
Hygiene treatment and solid waste disposal facilities
Solid Waste
1.4 Facilities towards solid waste management for the project Nos. Lumpsum 9,00,000 9,00,000 9
Management
1.5 Water Quality Silt Fencing along ghat sections to protect the release of debris in Ganga M 1000 800.00 8,00,000.00 8.0
Construction of interceptor drains to collect the raw sewage from the building lines
1.6 Water Quality along the ghats and sending them to a suitable manhole connected to a sewer line and Covered in Engineering Cost
ultimate treatment in a STP
Funding of one PhD study on fresh water ecology and establishing water quality model
1.7 Water Quality Months 36 30000 10,80,000 10.8
integrating silt, water quality and ecological model for 1 student
Buying of Water Quality modelling Softwares towards completing the PhD on fresh
1.8 Water Quality water ecology and establishing water quality model integrating silt, water quality and No. 1 8,00,000 8,00,000 8.00
ecology modules
Collection of Sediment core sampling as part towards generation sediment sample data
1.9 Water Quality which will help in establishing the Water Quality modelling with integration between, silt, No. 10 10000 100000 1.00
water quality and ecology modules
Generation of bathymetric information along the stretch of river Ganga along Patna
1.9 Water Quality RFD and 2 km up stream and 2 km downstream from the project site towards Lumpsum 3,00,000 3.00
facilitating the establishment of water quality model as part of the PhD study
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Total cost (INR)

Item Unit cost
(Lakh)
Provision of Dolphin Conservation Committee initially for 2 years extendable up to 5 Fishermen @2000/p.m
years Students @2500/p.m
1.9 Flora and Fauna 4,08,000 4.08
6 fishermen (@ 1 km of river stretch) and 2 students =6*2000+2*2500=17000 p.m=
17000*12*2=4,08,000
Fresh water
One PhD Study on Fresh water Ecology mainly Ganga river Dolphin, its trend of
1.10 Ecology and River Months 36 30000 1080,000 10.8
survival, breeding etc.
Dolphin
Preparation of Dolphin Conservation Plan integrating the other portfolio of investment in
1.11 Flora and Fauna Lumpsum 600,000 6.0
NGRBA in Patna including Patna RFD
TOTAL MITIGATION / ENHANCEMENT COST 69,68,000.00 69.68
2 MONITORING COST
2.1 Construction Stage
Sampling of Ambient Air Quality and gaseous pollutants as per CPCB Standard
No. of
2.1.1 Procedures at 20locations once in a season except monsoon for 1.5 years as per the 16 1,500.00 24,000.00 0.24
Samples
Air Monitoring Plan
Analysis charges of Ambient air from samples collected for NOx, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, and No. of
2.1.2 16 4,500.00 72,000.00 0.72
CO as per MoEF charges Samples
Grab sampling, for all the season at 20 locations along the project areas for pre-
No. of
2.1.3 monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon for once during construction as per monitoring 60 400.00 24000.00 0.24
Samples
Plan
Analysis of water quality at locations in the monitoring plan for pH, Turbidity, total
Surface Water
solids, COD, BOD, DO, Chlorides, Hardness, Oil & Grease, TSS, TDS, Total Coliform,
Quality
Iron, Fluorides, Nitrates, E. coli, Total coliform and faecal coliform etc. as specified in No. of
2.1.4 60 6,000.00 360,000.00 3.6
"Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater" published by WEF, Samples
AWWA and APHA as per direction of Environmental Specialist / Environmental
Engineer of the Engineer and as per MoEF rate list.
Monitoring of noise level for 3 seasons (pre monsoon, monsoon, and post monsoon) -
2.1.5 Noise Nos. 18 3,000.00 54,000.00 0.54
once in a season except monsoon at 6 locations as per the Monitoring Plan
Sampling and analysis of soil quality - once in a season except monsoon at 10
2.1.6 Soil Nos. 40 5000.00 200000 2.00
locations as per Monitoring Plan at pre and post monsoon season
Monitoring Cost during Construction Stage 7,34,000.00 7.34
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Total cost (INR)

Item Unit cost
(Lakh)
2.2 Operation Stage
Sampling of Ambient Air Quality and gaseous pollutants once in a season except No. of
2.2.1 20 1,500.00 30,000.00 0.3
monsoon at 4 locations for 5 year for one season as per the Monitoring Plan Samples
Air
Analysis charges of Ambient air from samples collected for NO2, SO2, PM2.5, PM10, O3 No. of
2.2.2 20 4,500.00 90,000.00 0.9
and CO as per MoEF charges Samples
Grab sampling, once in a season except monsoon at 10 locations for 5 year for one No. of
2.2.3 50 400.00 20000.00 0.2
season as per monitoring plan. Samples
Analysis of water quality at locations in the monitoring plan for pH, Turbidity, total
solids, COD, BOD, DO, Chlorides, Hardness, Oil & Grease, TSS, TDS, Total Coliform,
Water Quality
Iron, Fluorides, Nitrates, E. coli, Total coliform and faecal coliform etc. as specified in No. of
2.2.4 50 6,000.00 300000.00 3.0
“Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater” published by WEF, Samples
AWWA and APHA as per direction of Environmental Specialist / Environmental
Engineer of the Engineer and as per MoEF rate list.
Monitoring of noise level - once in a season except monsoon at 5 locations (baseline
2.2.5 Noise Nos. 25 3000.00 75,000.00 0.75
monitoring locations) for 5 years as per the Monitoring Plan
Sampling and analysis of soil quality - once in a season except monsoon at 6 locations
2.2.6 Soil Nos. 30 5000.00 150,000.00 1.5
for 5 years as per the Monitoring Plan
Monitoring Cost during Operation Stage for 5 years 6,65,000.00 6.65
Other miscellaneous cost 33,000.00 0.33
TOTAL MONITORING COST 14,32,000.00 13.99
TOTAL COST 84,00,000.00 84.00
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9. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Overall as part of the Environmental and Social screening study the project is placed in category B
having minor reversible impacts and no such irreversible impacts. The project DPR has already taken
many environmental measures which were being suggested during the visit during the screening
study like (i) Providing sulabh toilet with connection to city sewer; (ii) escape route for the pilgrim
during rush hour; (iii) parking for the boats at the anta ghat; (iv) riparian edge restoration. The project
as such does not involve any such hazardous activity and hence have moderate-low impact.
The major conclusions of review study are given below:
Conclusion:
 The ghat development work does not require environmental clearance as the covered built up area is
only 10,000 sq.m, rest fall under activity area.
 Reserve Forest (RF) diversion, wild life clearance, protected forest clearance are not applicable;
 None of Project area is not falling within 10km on either side of a National Park, Wildlife Sanctuary, etc.
 CRZ clearance zones are not triggered as the project area is not within a coastal zone
 For Ganga river Dolphin is endangered species reported along the project stretch and poaching of such
species due to their oil and flesh is reported
 8 number of public consultation was carried out during the Environment and Social Survey;
 Plan for riparian edge restoration has been proposed
 Plan for Sulabh toilets are proposed
 Plan for City Parks are proposed
 Plan for community cum cultural centres are proposed
 Plan for Dolphin Research center are proposed
 Overall the project proposes very minor impact which can be taken proposed care with proposed
implementation of ESMP
Recommendation:
The project as such not going have any severe impact on river Ganga as the project itself is taking
necessary environmental care. However, still raw sewage disposal has been noticed at various
section of the river Ganga which requires serious attention from NGRBA otherwise the major objective
of cleaning the Ganga under this scheme will not be able to be completed with the ghat development
program alone.
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ANNEXURES
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Annexure 1.1: Guidelines for Existing Quarry Management
The Contractor will finalise the locations from the list given by Consultant's for procuring materials.
The Contractor shall establish a new quarry only with the prior consent of the Supervision Consultant
(SC) only in cases when: (i) Lead from existing quarries is uneconomical and (ii) Alternative material
sources are not available. The Contractor shall prepare a Redevelopment Plan for the quarry site and
get it approved by the SC.
The construction schedule and operations plans to be submitted to the SC prior to commencement of
work shall contain a detailed work plan for procuring materials that includes procurement,
transportation and storage of quarry materials.
CONSTRUCTION STAGE
Development of site: To minimise the adverse impact during excavation of material following
measures are need to be undertaken:
i) Adequate drainage system shall be provided to prevent the flooding of the excavated area
ii) At the stockpiling locations, the Contractor shall construct sediment barriers to prevent the
erosion of excavated material due to runoff
iii) Construction of offices, laboratory, workshop and rest places shall be done in the up-wind of
the plant to minimize the adverse impact due to dust and noise.
i) The access road to the plant shall be constructed taking into consideration location of units
and also slope of the ground to regulate the vehicle movement within the plant.
iv) In case of storage of blasting material, all precautions shall be taken as per The Explosive
Rules, 1983.
QUARRY OPERATIONS INCLUDING SAFETY
Remarks
SI.
Item Unit Details by IE, if
No.
any
1. Name / identity of the location
2. Nearest project road Chainage.
3. Name of the owner
4. Area involved
Arrangement with the owner (agreement with the third party /
5. contractor should be attached as an Annexure and should Cum
necessarily require the adaptation of good quarry management
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Remarks
SI.
Item Unit Details by IE, if
No.
any
practices - a description of the requirements should be included)
Quantity of material to be withdrawn vis-à-vis the material
6.
available
8. Machinery & equipment to be used Cum
9. Drainage plans
10. Top soil management
11. Description of the operating practices
12. Health facilities
Safety provisions made including fire protection systems and the
13.
availability of different personal protective equipment
Conditions laid down in the clearances / licenses and plans to
14.
ensure compliance
15. Monitoring plans for air quality
16. Information on whether or not the quarry will be closed under this
project. If yes, the proposed closure & restoration plan.
17. Photograph of the quarry prior to commencing operations.
19. Sketch of the layout of the quarry
i) During excavation, slopes shall be flatter than 20 degrees to prevent their sliding. In cases
where quarry strata are good and where chances of sliding are less this restriction can be
ignored.
ii) In case of blasting, procedure and safety measures shall be taken as per The Explosive
Rules, 1983
iii) The contractor shall ensure that all workers related safety measures shall be dune as per
guidelines for Workers and Safety.
Topsoil will be excavated and preserved during transportation of the material measures shall be taken
to minimize the generation of dust and prevent accidents.
The SC shall review the quarry site for the management measures during quarry operation, including
the compliance to pollution norms.
POST CONSTRUCTION STAGE
 The Contractor shall restore all haul roads constructed for transporting the material from the
quarries to construction site to their original state.
 The IE shall be entrusted the responsibility of reviewing the quarry site for the progress of
implementation of Redevelopment Plan.
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 The redevelopment of exhaust quarry shall be the responsibility of the agency providing the
permit to ensure the implementation of Redevelopment Plan.
For existing quarry managed directly by a third party / contractor from whom the contractor is sourcing
the materials, the plan should contain the following:
Attach Photograph of Proposed Site, Location Map, consents, licenses and Agreement with land
owner.
REMARKS
Submitted Checked Approved
Signature Signature Signature
Name Name Name
Designation Designation Designation
Contractor Contractor Independent Engineer
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Annexure 1.2: Guidelines for Siting, Operation & Redevelopment of Borrow Areas
(A) Siting
Specific locations of borrow areas to be used will be identified by contractor based on the
recommendations of the ESIA report. In case the contractor or the contractor wants to open any new
borrow areas other than mentioned in this report, and then the selection and recommendations for
borrow areas will be based on environmental as well as civil engineering considerations.
Certain precautions have to be taken to restrict unauthorised borrowing by the contractor and the
contractor. No borrow area shall be opened without permission of the Engineer.
Table 1: Probable Borrow Area along the Project Corridor
Approximate Quantity
Site identification
(Cum)
Name Availabl Surroundin
Offset
Sampl of Materi e g Remark
Nearest from
e no. Villag al type Left / Lengt Breadt Depth Total Land / Land / s
Chainag nearest
e Right h (m) h (m) (m) (Cum) Terrain Terrain
e (Km.) Chainag
e (m)
(B) Criteria for Evaluation of Borrow Areas
i. Existing land use (Agricultural / Barren / Scrub / grazing / any other type)
ii. Vegetation / trees to be removed
iii. Erosion/degradation potential
iv. Distance and name of the nearest settlement
v. Distance from the nearest surface water body
vi. Drainage pattern of the area
vii. Distance of the nearest Reserve Forest (if any)
viii. Distance of the nearest Sacred Tree (if any)
ix. Distance from the nearest school / hospital / primary health centre
x. Daily / Occasional use of borrow area by the community
xi. Any schemes or avenues for generation of income for adjoining community
(C) Documentation of Borrow Pit
The contractor must ensure that following data based must be documented for each identified borrow
areas that provide the basis of the redevelopment plan.
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 Chainage along with offset distance
 Area (in Sq m)
 Type of Access/width from carriageway
 Soil Type
 Slope / Drainage Characteristics
 Water Table of the area or identify from nearest well etc/ask people
 Existing Land-use such as barren/agricultural/grazing land
 Location/Name/Population of Nearest Settlement/Community & distance from Borrow Area/Type

and characteristics of settlement
 Daily / occasional use of the Borrow Area by the community, if any
 Identification of any other community facility in the vicinity of the borrow pit
(D) Guidelines for Stripping, Stocking, Preservation of Top Soil
During the excavation of the borrowing material contractor must ensure that the topsoil from all areas
of cutting and all areas to be permanently covered shall be stripped to a specified depth of 150mm
and stored in stockpiles. At least 10% of the temporarily acquired area shall be earmarked for storing
topsoil. The stockpile shall be designed such that the slope does not exceed 1:2 (vertical to
horizontal), and the height of the pile is restricted to 2m.
(E) Guidelines for Enhancement
As far as possible borrow area selected for enhancement shall be on government / community land in
the vicinity of settlement. The contractor must ensure that any enhancement design proposed should
be workable, maintenance free and preferably worked out in consultation with the community and
proposed enhancement materials should be locally available. The borrow area can be developed
either of the following:
Vegetative Cover:
 Vegetative cover must be established on all affected land.
 Topsoil must be placed, seeded, and mulched within 30 days of final grading if it is within a
current growing season or within 30 days of the start of the next growing season.
 Vegetative material used in reclamation must consist of grasses, legumes, herbaceous, or

woody plants or a mixture thereof.
 Plant material must be planted during the first growing season following the reclamation phase.
 Selection and use of vegetative cover must take into account soil and site characteristics such as
drainage, pH, nutrient availability, and climate to ensure permanent growth.
 The vegetative cover is acceptable if within one growing season of seeding:
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 The planting of trees and shrubs results in a permanent stand, or regeneration and succession
rate, sufficient to assure a 75% survival rate;
 The planting results in 90% ground coverage.
 The site shall be inspected when the planting is completed and again at one year to ensure
compliance with the reclamation plan.
Certificate of Completion of Reclamation
 Contractors have to obtained certificate of satisfaction from the landowner and submit it to the
Engineer before final payment is to done.
(F) Drawings to be Prepared
 The contractor have to prepared the drawings showing both cross-section as well as plan of the
identified borrow areas incorporating following inputs:
 Contours if any, depth if any
 Location of trees, height, foliage spread and afternoon shaded area on ground
 Any other existing details at the road / property interface such as signage/railing/etc.
 Details of immediate surrounding for at least 5m on either sides
(G) Photographs to be Include
The contractor must ensure that photographs are to be taken before and after the excavation of
borrow materials and also after the implementation of redevelopment plan, incorporating the following:
 Overall View from access side
 Any other community resource in the vicinity
 All spots to be detailed such as access to borrow pit /cluster of existing trees etc.
(H) OUTPUTS
The contractor must ensure based on the above-mentioned guidelines following outcomes must be
evolved:
 Working plan
 Cross Section
 Longitudinal Section/Elevation of Site
 Details of all proposed Enhancements including signage etc.
 BoQ
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Annexure 1.3: Guidelines for Siting & Layout of Construction Camp
(A) SITING
The contractor based on the following guidelines shall identify the location of the construction site.
The construction site shall be located:
 The construction camps will be located at least 500 m away from habitations at
identified sites. The living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour shall be
erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer.
 On non-agricultural lands, as far as possible
 Not within 1000m of either side of locations of Forest areas.
 All sites used for camps must be adequately drained. They must not be subject to
periodic flooding, nor located within 300 feet of pools, sink holes or other surface
collections of water unless such water surface can be subjected to mosquito control
measures.
 The camps must be located such that the drainage from and through the camps will
not endanger any domestic or public water supply.
 All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water
may get stagnant and become a nuisance.
(B) LAYOUT
A conceptual layout of a typical construction site has been presented in Figure A. The Contractor
during the progress of work will provide, erect and maintain necessary (temporary) living
accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour to standards and scales approved by the engineer.
All temporary accommodation must be constructed and maintained in such a fashion that
uncontaminated water is available for drinking, cooking and washing. Safe drinking water should be
provided to the dwellers of the construction camps. Adequate washing and bathing places shall be
provided, and kept in clean and drained condition. Construction camps are to be sited away from
vulnerable people and adequate health care is to be provided for the work force.
Sanitation Facilities: Construction camps shall be provided sanitary latrines and urinals. Sewerage
drains should be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches should be
treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. The sewage system for the camp must be properly
designed, built and operated so that no health hazard occurs and no pollution to the air, ground or
adjacent watercourses takes place. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered
to. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in
a hygienic manner
Shelter at Workplace: At every workplace, there shall be provided free of cost, four suitable shelters,
two for meals and two others for rest, separately for use of men and women labourers. The height of
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shelter shall not be less than 3m from floor level to lowest part of the roof. Sheds shall be kept clean
2
and the space provided shall be on the basis of at least 0.5m per head.
Canteen Facilities: A cooked food canteen on a moderate scale shall be provided for the benefit of
workers wherever it is considered necessary. The contractor shall conform generally to sanitary
requirements of local medical, health and municipal authorities and at all times adopt such
precautions as may be necessary to prevent soil pollution of the site.
First aid facilities: At every workplace, a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply
of sterilized dressing materials and appliances will be provided as per the Factory Rules. Workplaces
remote and far away from regular hospitals will have indoor health units with one bed for every 250
workers. Suitable transport will be provided to facilitate taking injured and ill persons to the nearest
hospital. At every workplace an ambulance room containing the prescribed equipment and nursing
staff will be provided.
Health Care Facilities: Health problems of the workers should be taken care of by providing basic
health care facilities through health centres temporarily set up for the construction camp. The health
centre should have at least a doctor, nurses, duty staff, medicines and minimum medical facilities to
tackle first-aid requirements or minor accidental cases, linkage with nearest higher order hospital to
refer patients of major illnesses or critical cases.
The health centre should have MCW (Mother and Child Welfare) units for treating mothers and
children in the camp. Apart from this, the health centre should provide with regular vaccinations
required for children.
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Annexure 1.4 (Specific R&R Measures)
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Provisions in Entitlement Framework
This entitlement matrix has been developed in accordance with the basic principles adopted in the
RPF and analysis of initial identification of project impacts.
In case where a State Government through any Act or Gazette Notification or as approved by any
authority of State Government (duly authorized for the purpose) as per their approved procedure has
fixed a rate for compensation of land and is higher than the provisions under the project, the same
may be adopted by the Competent Authority in determining the compensation for land.
Similarly, in case where a State Government through any Act or Gazette Notification or as approved
by any authority of State Government (duly authorized for the purpose) as per their approved
procedure has fixed a rate for resettlement and rehabilitation assistance and is higher than the
provisions under the project, the same may be adopted by the Executing Authority.
The following is the entitlement matrix, as per the NPR&R 2007:
Table1: Entitlement Matrix for Aps Residing Along the Ganga River Front at Patna
Type of Unit of Entitlements as per Policy Amount to be

Impact/Loss Entitlement Paid
1 Agricultural Land NA
2 House
i) Acquisition of House of NA
non BPL category
ii) Acquisition of House of Affected May be allotted free of cost house It can be
BPL category Family (142) site to the extent of actual loss of provided in Rajiv
area of the acquired house or one Awas Yojana
hundred and fifty square metre of /Slum free city
land as the case may be for each plan under
nuclear family. A house of up to JNNURM
one hundred square metre carpet Scheme of
area may be provided in lieu Government of
thereof (NPR&R, 2007;Ref 7.2) India
Right to salvage material from the
demolished structures
Three months‟ notice to vacate
structures
Affected In case house site or house is not @Rs.50,000/- =
Family (142) given, affected family shall get a Rs.71,00,000
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House cost suitable one-time financial

(Optional) assistance for house construction,
@Rs.50,000 and the amount shall not be less
/- per family than what is given under any
for house programme of house construction
construction by the Govt. of India, for example
Integrated Housing Slum
Development Programme
(IHSDP)/ Basic Services for Urban
Poor (BSUP) in urban areas
34Famiies Each affected family that is @Rs.15,000 =
cattle shed displaced and has cattle, shall get Rs. 510,000
@Rs.15,000 financial assistance of such
amount as the appropriate
Government may decide but not
less than fifteen thousand rupees,
for construction of cattle shed.
(NPR&R, 2007; Ref 7.10)
Financial One-time financial assistance of @Rs.15,000 =
assistance such amount as the appropriate Rs. 340,000
to Government may decide but not
34Families less than ten thousand rupees, for
@Rs.15,000 shifting of the family, building
materials, belongings and cattle.
(NPR&R, 2007; Ref 7.11)
iii)BPL without NA
homestead land and
residing in the area for
not less than three years
3 Livelihood losses
i) Small trader Each Will get a one-time financial @Rs. 25,000
or self-employed affected assistance of such amount as the = Rs.425,000
Person displaced Family(17) appropriate Government may It can be
@Rs. decide but not less than (Rs. associated with
25,000 25,000/-) twenty-five thousand Urban Self
rupees, for construction of working Employment
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shed or shop.( NPR&R, 2007;Ref Programme

7.12) (USEP)
ii) Employment providing The acquiring body shall give Some
Assistance employment preference to the affected families Employment
at least one – at least one person per nuclear Assistance may
person per family - in providing employment in be provided
nuclear the project, subject to the through Swarna
family availability of vacancies and Jayanti Shahari
suitability of the affected person for Rozgar Yojana
the employment; (SJSRY)
Training to Wherever necessary, the acquiring Training on dairy
13 persons body shall arrange for training of development can
for Dairy the affected persons, so as to be provided with
enable such persons to take on the help of USEP
suitable jobs;
Scholarship The acquiring body shall offer
scholarships and other skill
development opportunities to the
eligible persons from the affected
families as per the criteria as may
be fixed by the appropriate
Government;
The acquiring body shall give Shops around the
preference to the affected persons Ghats may be
or their groups or cooperatives in allotted to the
the allotment of outsourced groups of APs in
contracts, shops or other economic the form of SHGs
opportunities coming up in or
around the project site; and
Economic The acquiring body shall give landless
Opportunitie preference to willing landless labourers and
s in and labourers and unemployed unemployed
around the affected persons while engaging affected persons
project labour in the project during the may benifitted
construction phase.( NPR&R, through SJRY
2007;Ref 7.13.1) Programme
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4 Other Benefits
i) Additional Assistance to Affected The project authorities shall, at @Rs. 500/-
vulnerable persons Families their cost, arrange for annuity =Rs.98,300 per
(Disabled, destitute, (196) policies that will pay a pension for months
orphans, widows, @Rs. 500/- life to the vulnerable affected (It can be
unmarried girls, per month persons of such amount as may be associated with
abandoned women, per prescribed by the appropriate the Social
persons above fifty Vulnerable Government subject to a minimum Assistance
years of age; who are not (widows (22) of five hundred rupees per month. Programmes
provided or can not unmarried (NPR&R, 2007;Ref 7.17) e.g.- Old Age and
immediately be provided girls (151) Widow Pensions
with alternative livelihood, persons > Programmes as
and who are not 50 years of well as Marriage
otherwise covered as part Age(23)) Assistance
of a family (Ref 6.4 V) Programmes of
Ministry of Social-
Women Welfare,
Govt. of India)
ii) Additional assistance Affected NA
for Tribal families Family
iii)Who have not been Affected Shall be entitled to a rehabilitation NA
provided agricultural land; family grant equivalent to seven hundred
or fifty days minimum agricultural
employment wages (750 MAW) or such other
higher amount as may be
prescribed by the appropriate
Government (NPR&R, 2007;Ref
7.14 )
5 Exemptions from In case of a project involving land NA
stamp duty etc. acquisition on behalf of an
acquiring body, the stamp duty and
other fees payable for registration
of the land or house allotted to the
affected families shall be borne by
the acquiring body. (NPR&R,
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2007; Ref 7.6)

6 Trees and standing NA
crops
Income Restoration Measures:
Income Restoration Measures as per the R&R Policy:
As per the R&R Policy of the project capacity-building efforts will be made for PAFs, which aim at skill
up gradation through various income generation training programmes and schemes. The R&R policy
has the provision of mitigating loss of income through cash compensation and capacity building for
self-employment.
Training Need Assessment:
One of the strategies for economic sustenance of the PAPs is to help them improve their production
level or to impart new skills/upgrade skills through training. The project will have to conduct training
need assessment (TNA) of PAFs. For PAPs who intend to diversify their economic activity, suitable
income restoration schemes will be identified on individual basis and training need would be
assessed. Besides training in scheme specific skills, general entrepreneurship development will also
form part of the training programme, mainly to improve the management capabilities of EP. The
Training will be organized in the plan period itself. The NGO contracted for the implementation of RAP
will be assigned this task. Besides, training programs organized by other government agencies will
also be availed. The past experiences have shown that roughly three-fourth of the PAPs require
training. It will be the responsibility of the project to ensure that PAPs receives, training in desired
trade. The NGO contracted will act as a facilitator and training will be imparted either by the
government agencies or a professional and competent outside agency.
Inter-Agency Linkages for Income Restoration and other R&R Support
For Income restoration it is important that available skills with the PAPs is identified and further
upgraded. During verification survey, NGO should specifically ask about the skill possessed other
than the one related to their current occupation. NGO contracted for implementation should also
conduct a survey among the PAPs with options of various skills related to the resource base of the
area and available market (with proper forward and backward linkages) and accordingly selected
trades for training. Based on the training, NGO will identify income-generating activities for
sustainable economic opportunities. NGOs in consultation with the PAPs, project staff, district
administration and other stakeholders in institutional financing and marketing federations will prepare
micro-plans for IR activities.
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In case of creation of alternative livelihood schemes, felt needs of the target group population will be
prioritized through people’s participation. Further, these options will be tested for their viability against
availability of skills, resource base of the area and available appropriate technology. Suitable
alternative livelihood schemes will be chosen finally, where training on skill upgradation, capital
assistance, and assistance in the form of backward-forward linkages can be provided for making
these pursuits sustainable for the beneficiaries or the target groups.
A comprehensive support system to the PAPs will ensure income security. The project will work as a
facilitator to the people in the enterprise (but will not act as providers for each and every livelihood
opportunity). The PAPs are required to participate in developing feasible long- term income
generating schemes. The long- term options are expected to be developed during the implementation
of the RAP and also supported by the government assistance.
Short Term IR activities
Short term IR activities mean restoring PAPs’ income during periods immediately before and after
relocation. Such activities will focus on the following:
• Ensuring that adequate compensation is paid before relocation

• Providing short term, welfare based grants and allowances such as:
• Free or subsidized items
• Transitional allowances or grants until adequate income is generated, special allowances
for vulnerable groups
• With consideration of PAPs skills and needs, promoting PAP access to project related
employment opportunities such as:
• Work on relocation teams (e.g., driver, food provision, etc.)
Long term IR schemes
The long term IR schemes are listed below:
Petty Traders
Under this scheme, the available options are grocery shop, vegetable & fruit shop, stationary, cloth,
tea & snacks, ready-made garments, beetle shop etc. PAPs those who are already in the trade and
business are suitable for these activities. Implementing NGO will have to decide on type of shops to
be established as per demand.
Skill related Schemes
The options available under this scheme are tailoring, carpentry, masonry, mobile repair, computer
operator, beautician, motor winding, cycle/motor cycle/auto repair, driving (auto/Matador/etc.),
Television/Tape records/Watch repairing, Pottery, Leather works, etc. PAPs those who are in such
trades can undergo training for skill upgradation to supplement their annual income. Industrial
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Training Institutes imparts training in such trades. Training can also be imparted through professional
and competent outside agency especially hired for the purpose.The implementation of above-
mentioned activities requires organisation of credit camps. Extending financial credit support is an
important component of IR schemes. It requires organisation of credit camps for EPs. Local
government officials, NGOs and PAP representatives apart from project officials, will attend these
camps. The purpose of the camps would be to allow local financial institutions to inform participants of
credit options and how to avoid procedural delays. All formalities related to processing of applications
for credit assistance will be completed at these camps. For these kinds of camps project staff along
with NGO, will have to coordinate closely with the Lead Bank managers and other commercial banks
operating in the district.
Monitoring of IR Schemes
The monitoring of IR schemes will be carried out along with the monitoring of other components of
RAP by an outside agency contracted for the purpose. The contract will specifically provide for regular
(every six months) monitoring of income restoration of PAPs. The monitoring will be carried out based
on economic indicators. Vulnerable PAPs who lose their livelihood due to the project will be assisted
in alternative economic rehabilitation schemes and vocational training for skill upgradation as per the
requirement of suggested economic scheme.
Provisions for Vulnerable Groups
Distribution of project affected households is mentioned in Table2. There are 122 vulnerable
households as per the Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) out of 142 that may be impacted due to
this project. Vulnerability of project affected households has been identified based on social and
economic criteria. As per vulnerability criteria 122 HHs are socially vulnerable. Socially vulnerable
households are woman headed households, Schedule Castes.
Table : Vulnerability Status of PAFs
S. No. Vulnerability Number Percentage

1 WHH 28 23
3 SC 73 60
BPL 21 17
Total 122 100
Source: Primary survey, 2012
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Impact Mitigation Strategy/Plan
Income restoration
Measures for income restoration are one of the most crucial and vital components of resettlement
planning and implementation. They are integrated with the development project involving involuntary
resettlements. The World Bank policy states that the loss of the livelihoods in the projects with
involuntary resettlement can severely affect people especially those from the vulnerable groups and
other disadvantaged section of the society leading to impoverishment.
Women Involvement in Development Process
Participation of women has been envisaged specifically in the following areas:

 In the pre-planning and planning stages, participation from women in the consultation
process is a must. The NGOs will make sure that at least 33%* of project affected women
are adequately consulted in all stages of the project cycle.
 Field team of the NGO shall include at least-one women investigator/facilitator.
 Compensation for land and assets lost being same for all the affected or displaced
families, women headed households shall be provided adequate attention and counseling
by the NGO during RAP implementation.
*This proposal is as for recommendations of the women reservation bill.
 It is imperative that the NGRBA ensures that the women are consulted and invited to
participate in group-based activities, to gain access and control over the resource as a part
of the RAP
 The NGOs should make sure that women are actually taking part in LA&R&R processes
such as issuance of identity cards, opening accounts in the bank, receiving compensation
amounts through cheque in their name or not, etc. This will further widen the perspective of
participation by the women in the project implementation.
 Under the entitlement framework there are a number of provisions kept for compensation
and assistances towards the losses incurred upon the impacted women headed
households by the project.
 The assistances to be provided to women as a vulnerable group should create alternative
livelihood for them to ensure their sustainable socio-economic upliftment.
 The implementing agencies should provide trainings for upgrading the skill in the
alternative livelihoods and assist throughout till the beneficiaries start up with production
and business.
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 Women's participation should be initiated through Self-Help Group formation in each of the
wards affected by the project. These groups should then be linked to special development
schemes of the Government, like SGSY.
 Women's participation should be ensured for monitoring and evaluation activities.
 Monitoring of project inputs concerning benefit to women should invite their participation
that will make the process more transparent to them. Women should be encouraged to
evaluate the project outputs from their point of view and their useful suggestions should be
noted for taking necessary actions for further modifications in the project creating better
and congenial situation for increasing participation from women.
Involvement of Women in Construction Activities
The labour force required for the construction activities will be mostly of high-skill nature since a lot
of machine work will be involved in the construction of the project. But there will be
requirement of unskilled labour where women may likely to involve in such work. Women as
family members of the skilled and semi-skilled labourers will also stay in the construction
camps and will be indirectly involved during the construction phase. The families of labourer will
include their children also. The construction contractors are expected to bring along their labour force.
Thus, in most cases the labourers, both male and female, will be migratory labourers. But, the
involvement of local labour force, especially for unskilled activities cannot be fully ruled out. There will
be involvement of local women also in the local labour force. Foreseeing the involvement of women
both directly and indirectly in the construction activities, certain measures are required to be
token towards welfare and well-being of women and children in-particular during the
construction phase.
Measures for Income Restoration and up-liftment of Vulnerable People
The entitlement matrix has evolved a number of measures towards resettlement and rehabilitation of
vulnerable families including women headed households, SC/ST below poverty line and the poor
getting affected by its projects. The considerations therein have been compiled as follows:
All the affected families falling under the vulnerable category including the poor will be assisted to
uplift their economic status irrespective of their ownership status. Whether they possess or do not
possess legal title to the lands/assets, whether they are tenants or encroachers or squatters, they will
be assisted in restoring their livelihoods as per the entitlement matrix.
The Environment and Social Management Unit proposed as part of the project are required to
maintain the social support network for women headed households as far as possible so that they
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remain closer to their locations and /or provide special services at the new sites. Special assistance
would consist of the following:
 Allowing the PAPs for site selection

 Relocating them near the present site wherever possible
 Providing assistance with dismantling salvageable materials from their original home
 Providing them priority for access to all other mitigation and development assistance
 Monitoring their nutritional and health status
The entitlement matrix for the vulnerable people are given below:
Additional Assistance to Affected The project authorities shall, at @Rs. 500/-

vulnerable persons Families their cost, arrange for annuity =Rs.98,300 per
(Disabled, destitute, (196) policies that will pay a pension for months
orphans, widows, @Rs. 500/- life to the vulnerable affected (It can be
unmarried girls, per month persons of such amount as may be associated with
abandoned women, per prescribed by the appropriate the Social
persons above fifty Vulnerable Government subject to a minimum Assistance
years of age; who are not (widows (22) of five hundred rupees per month. Programmes
provided or can not unmarried (NPR&R, 2007;Ref 7.17) e.g.- Old Age and
immediately be provided girls (151) Widow Pensions
with alternative livelihood, persons > Programmes as
and who are not 50 years of well as Marriage
otherwise covered as part Age(23)) Assistance
of a family (Ref 6.4 V) Programmes of
Ministry of Social-
Women Welfare,
Govt. of India)
Additional assistance for Affected NA
Tribal families Family
Who have not been Affected Shall be entitled to a rehabilitation NA
provided agricultural land; family grant equivalent to seven hundred
or fifty days minimum agricultural
employment wages (750 MAW) or such other
higher amount as may be
prescribed by the appropriate
Government (NPR&R, 2007;Ref
7.14 )
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Annexure 1.5 (Drawings for Safety Measures)
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Evacuation route from each Ghat

sections
General Access route to Ghat sections
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Evacuation route from each Ghat

sections
General Access route to Ghat sections
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Annexure 1.6 (Reply to the Observations of NMCG and World Bank)
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Observations of NMCG and Clarifications (Relevant to Draft ESIA)
Sl No. Particulars Clarifications
15 Question: Have acceptable Monitoring and The monitoring and evaluation plan is
Evaluation (M&E) parameters been submitted in SIA Report.
developed? Describe. If NO,
The approximate number of visitors
describe timing and proposals for
expected in each ghat is around 400
developing these.
and accordingly the proposed waste
water and solid waste generation has
Comment There is no mention of M&E. The
been calculated and adequate
number of visitors on the Ghats and
management measures are
number of users of different assets
proposed. These details are given in
(community toilets, kiosks, centers
section 6.3 of EIA report page
etc) should be monitored. NGRBA
numbers 58 and 59 of EIA report.
Cell of CPCB/SPCB to monitor the
Ganga quality upstream and The number of visitors to use various
downstream of the city. assets will be monitored and there will
be a mechanism for crowd
management and this is given in
section 6.4 of the EIA report.
The river water quality will be

monitored both during the
construction and operation stage as
per the monitoring plan presented in
table 8.2.
16 (a) Question Have GOI Environmental The project does not require
requirements been met? environmental clearance as per the
EIA notification 2006.
If Yes, please provide screening
category assessment by NGRBA The screening category assessment
with dates, documentation and has been placed in details in Chapter-
clearance decisions with dates. 4, section 4.2 in Table 4.1.
Comment NO
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Urban Development & Housing Department, Bihar
Project :GangaRiver Front Development at Patna
Observations of World Bank andClarifications
Sl.No. Particulars Clarifications
vi. The proposed investment is not “low impact” In the draft ESIA and ESMP it is not
as mentioned in the environment and social mentioned as a low impact project. It has
assessment. According to the NGRBA been categorized as Category B or
Program Framework, the proposed moderate impact as per the OP: 4.01 of
investment is “high impact” in terms of World Bank.
potential of environmental and social impact,
However as per the NGRBA framework
due to : a) direct impacts on 140 households;
moderate impacts projects is being
b) indirect impacts on people / structures
considered under High Impact Category
located in the project area ; c) direct / indirect
(Refer page no. 92, section 4.4.1 of the
temporary / permanent impacts on cultural
NGRBA framework). Accordingly the project
properties located along the river ; d)
screening exercise has been done in section
possible impacts on ‘ Gangetic Dolphins’ due
4.2 in table 4.1 in the EIA report chapter-4.
to permanent activities on the river front by
the project ; e) increased discharge of waste The district administration has been
water and solid waste due to the proposed requested to freeze such issues. The
project , etc. According to NGRBA program government of Bihar will be providing the
framework requirements, since the necessary facilities on the basis of the report
environment and social impact assessment submitted by the district administration.
is done by the sub-consultants of DPR
consultants, this needs to be peer reviewed The management of waste water and solid
by an independent consultant, to satisfy the waste for Patna is under active
safeguard policies of the NGRBA Program consideration of Government of Bihar and its
and the World Bank. This should be impact shall be minimized during the
completed before the bidding process is implementation of the project itself. The
initiated. details of the mitigation measure from

sewerage and solid waste generation are
given in section 6.3 in page 58 and 59.
vii The NGRBA Program Framework / The entitlement matrix is given in SIA report.
resettlement policy requires preparation of
the entitlement matrix for affected persons.
While the environment and social
assessment for the proposed investment has
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followed the NGRBA Program’s direction on

most aspects of the social assessment and
resettlement actions plan, the entitlement
matrix for affected persons has not been
prepared. This may be prepared after the
NGRBA approval, but must be completed
and approved. This may be prepared after
the NGRBA approval, but must be completed
and approved prior to this start of the bidding
process for any component of the proposed
investment.
Clarification on comments regarding specific technical details for bid documents /execution.
Sl.No. Particulars Clarifications
ii) The environment and social assessment for As part of the ESIA study both the secondary
the proposed investment is presented well, and primary data has been collected. The
but is weak on primary data. Most of the primary data on water quality, air quality, soil
data is on BiharState, but the report has no quality, noise quality has been collected and
information on the project area. Specially are presented in pages 46 to 51 of EIA report
the impact section focuses on construction including traffic survey.
impacts and ignores the impacts on cultural
In the impact section, special emphasis is
properties, dolphins, waste water
already given on cultural properties, dolphins,
generation, solid waste generation, etc.
waste water generation, solid waste
These needs to be clearly identified and
generation and are placed various sections of
quantified. This will need to be completed
the EIA report (section 6.3 pages 57 to 62) as
before the bidding stage so that the required
well as in the EMP (chapter-8). There will be
mitigation measures and their costs can be
no impact on cultural properties as all the
included in the bid documents.
temple and cultural properties along the ghat
will be saved. The details of the impact and
mitigation measures are given below:
Impact on Cultural Properties:
As part of the project no such cultural

properties will be disturbed neither are
required to be relocated.
Impact on Dolphin:
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The project area is not the usual route of

Dolphins as enquired from the local
fishermen in that area. Dolphins are visible in
the Gandhi ghat area in all the seasons.
During the lean season in the project area,
river Ganga is away from the ghats. Since the
construction works will usually be taken
during the lean season then chances of
impact on Dolphin in the designated ghat and
promenade construction would be very less
as these areas will be comparatively dry
zones as river ganga meander around a half
a kilometer away from the designated ghats.
Waste Water Generation:
In general in each ghat at present nearly 100

people visit. However, after the completion of
the project the expected population coming to
each ghat would be around 400-500 in each
ghat.
Hence the total sewage generation

considering 60% of visitor will use toilet at
least once the quantum of sewage
generation would be:
0.6*400*5=1200 Liter i.e. around 1.2 KLD for

each ghat. The total sewegae generation
would be around 1.2*45= 54 KLD. This
quantum of sewage would be connected with
the city sewer line through sewer pipes from
the toilets and will be treated in the sewage
treatment plant. The STP construction is
under the City Sanitation Scheme of Patna
and accordingly this quantum of sewage will
be considered in it.
2 toilets at each ghat one for ladies and one

for gents.
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Adalat ghat to Gandhi ghat 3 toilets within a

length of 1125 meters.
In precinct 3 there will be one toilet.
In precinct 4 there will be one toilet
Total number of toilet being provided is = 45
The waste water from the toilets will be

connected to the sewer line going behind the
building line adjacent to the Ghats and will be
taken to the central sewerage treatment
plant.
During the special events like Chaat, Govt.

PMC provides makeshift toilets like mobile
toilets to take care of the situation. The waste
water will be disposed by the PMC and will
be treated in the STPs.
Solid Waste Generation:The projected

population in each ghat after the completion
of the project is expected to be around 400.
The quantum of waste generation could be
around 200gm/capita. Hence the total waste
generation would be around =
400*20*200/1000=1600 kg
To take care of these waste 4 dustbins will be

provided in each ghat and each dustbin will
have capacity of 20 kg.
In additional along the promenades for a total

length of 5000m a total of 254 number of litter
bins (i.e. 1 liter bin per 20 m length) shall be
provided with capacity of 1 kg each.
The generated waste will be collected

everyday by the maintenance staff and the
collected waste will be disposed to the
secondary collection points to the nearby
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areas provided by PMC.
iii) The mitigation plan should include Apart from Dolphin research centre a Dolphin
specific/separate measures for a) protection Conservation Committee has been proposed
of cultural properties; b) protection of which comprises of fishermen and local
Gangetic Dolphins (please note that university persons and they will communicate
establishing a Dolphin Research Center with the implementation team of BUIDCo.
cannot be considered a mitigation The details are given in section6.3 (Pages 61
measure); c) treatment and disposal to 63).
facilities for Waste water and Solid waste.
The treatment and disposal facilities to be
used in the project is already discussed in the
previous point no (ii).
iv) A risk management plan needs to be Details of risk management plan is given in
developed prior to the start of the bidding Section 6.4, page number 64. The related
process, to manage risks arising out of plans of Risk Management and Safety
religious congregations, floods and other Measures are given in Annexure 1.4.
natural calamities.
v) The consultants have carried out only Will be followed.

‘Focus Group Discussions’ as part of the
environment social impact assessment.
Formal public consultations need to be
carried out prior to the start of the bidding
process.
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Consultancy

Services for EIA study for Proposed River Front

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Sen and Lall Consultants Pvt. Ltd.

1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 1

4.1 PROJECT INFLUENCE AREA ............................................................................................. 44

6.2.2 Social Factors:................................................................................................................. 100

Table 1-1 : Portfolio of Investments ........................................................................................................ 3

Figure 2.1: Artists view of Golaghar Patna ........................................................................................... 16

Figure 2.14:Project Location ................................................................................................................. 32

Annexure1.1: Guidelines for Existing Quarry Management

Annexure1.2: Guidelines for Siting, Operation and Redevelopment of Borrow Areas

Annexure 1.3: Guidelines for Siting and Layout of Construction Camp

Annexure 1.4: Specific R&R Measures

Annexure 1.5: Drawings for Safety Measures

Annexure 1.6: Replies to the observations of NMCG and World Bank

B.C Before Christ

BUIDCo Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation

CPCB Central Pollution Control Board

ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment

ESMF Environment and Social Management Framework

ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan

FGD Focus Group Discussion

GAP Ganga Action Plan

GoI Government of India

MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forest

NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority

NGO Non- Government Organization

NPRR National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation

PMG Program Management Group

R&R Resettlement and Rehabilitation Framework

SPMG Special Program Management Group

ULB Urban Local Body

WLPA Wild Life Protection Act

WLS Wild Life Sanctuary

1. INTRODUCTION & BACKGROUND

Figure 1. 1The Gangaand its spirituality

1.2 PORTFOLIO INVESTMENTS

Table 1-1 : Portfolio of Investments

S.No Portfolio of Possible portfolio components

1.3 AIM OF INVESTMENTS

 Improvement in sewage collection and treatment within the cities/towns;

 Improvement in water quality of river;

1.4 River Front Management Investments

 River front development schemes;

1.5 Patna River Front Development

1.5.1 Proposed Developments

Details of the developments are given below:

1.5.2 Development of Ghats

Table 1-2 : List of Ghats

Figure 1.2 Potential of ghat as a public Space

Promenades including kiosks (connecting some of the ghats together)

Name of Connected Ghats

Figure 1. 3 Urban Precincts proposed

Figure 1. 4 Design of Urban Precinct (3D-View)

Figure 1. 5: View of ghats after the proposed development of urban precinct

1.5.3 Community cum cultural centres

Figure 1. 6: Proposed Community cum Eco-centre at Gai ghat

1.5.4 Landscape work at Precinct Zones

Precinct Landscape Work Landscape Work Landscape Work

Figure 1. 7: Restoring the riparian edge and landscaping

1.5.5 City level parks

1.5.6 Improvement of approach roads to the precincts