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Raft Design
Raft Design
-750
-500
0
Bearing pressure (in kN/m )
2
50
100
150
200
250
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
(d)
(d/2+900) 400
700
0.5d 0.5d
Side
800 kN
0.5d
(d/2+900)
(d/2+900)
0.5d
1600 kN
700 mm
400 mm
700 mm (d+400)
Corner (d+400)
(b1) (b2)
1 2 3 4
700 6000 mm 6000 mm 6000 mm 700
750 mm
800 mm
19400 mm
Figure 12.C.19 Raft layout and column loads; (b1) critical section in shear; (b2) critical section in
shear; and (c) details of reinforcement along the longitudinal section (Example 12.7).
Structural Design of Foundations 573
ey ¼ 5:42855 ¼ 0:4285 m
19:4 11:43
Ix ¼ ¼ 2395:16 m4
12
11:4 19:43
Iy ¼ ¼ 6936:31 m4
12
A ¼ 19:4 11:4 ¼ 221:16 m2
P 14000
¼ ¼ 63:302 kN=m2
A 221:16
2400 6000
s ¼ 63:302 x y ¼ 63:158 1:5269x 0:4745y
6936:31 2395:16
At corner A–4
sA4 ¼ 63:158 þ 0:346 9:7 þ 2:505 5:7 ¼ 80:93 ffi BC of soil ð80 kN=m2 Þ
At corner C–4
At corner A–1
At corner C–1
At corner B–4
574 Foundation Design
At corner B–1
sB1 ¼ 63:1580:346 9:7 ¼ 59:943 kN=m2
In the x direction, the raft is divided in three strips, that is three equivalent beams:
The bending moment is obtained by using a coefficient 1/10 and L as the center to center of
column distance
wL2
þ M ¼ M ¼ ð12:C:68Þ
10
For strip A–A
80 62
Maximum moment ¼ ¼ 288 kNm=m
10
For strip B–B
73:32 62
Maximum moment ¼ ¼ 263:95 kNm=m
10
For strip C–C
59:52 62
Maximum moment ¼ ¼ 214:272 kNm=m
10
2
For any strip in the y direction, take M ¼ wL8 since there is only a two-span equivalent beam.
For strip 4–4
80 52
Maximum moment ¼ ¼ 250 kNm=m
8
The depth of the raft is governed by two-way shear at one of the exterior columns. If the location
of critical shear is not obvious, it may be necessary p
pffiffiffiffiffi toffiffiffiffiffi
check all possible locations.
Shear strength of concrete, tc ¼ 0:25 fck ¼ 0:25 15 ¼ 0:97N=mm2
For a corner column (say C–1)
Perimeter bo ¼ 2 d2 þ 900 ¼ d þ 1800 mm (Figure 12.C.19(b))
Vu 1:5 800 1000
tv ¼ ¼ ¼ 0:97
bo d ðd þ 1800Þd
1200000
¼ ¼ 0:97
ðd þ 1800Þd
) d 2 þ 1800d1237113:40 ¼ 0
Structural Design of Foundations 575
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
1800 ð18002 þ 4 1 1237113:40Þ
d¼ ¼ 530:773 mm
21
For a corner column (say A–2)
d
Perimeter bo ¼ 2 þ 900 þ ðd þ 400Þ ¼ 2d þ 2200 mm
2
d 2 þ 1100d1237113:40 ¼ 0 ð12:C:69Þ
qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
1100 ð11002 þ 4 1 1237113:40Þ
)d¼ ¼ 690:811 mm
21
However, adopt an effective depth of 750 mm and overall depth of 800 mm
Reinforcement in the longitudinal direction is given by (considering a 1 m wide strip)
2 sffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi3
15 4 4:6 288 106 5
At ¼ 0:5 1 1 1000 750 ¼ 1109:51 mm2
415 15 1000 7502
1000 p4 202
Spacing of long bars ¼ ¼ 283:152 mm
1109:51
Provide 4–20 mm F bars for reinforcement @ 260 mm c/c at top and bottom in both directions.
Minimum reinforcement in the slabs ¼ 0:12%
0:12
¼ 800 1000
100
¼ 960 mm2 =m < 1109:51 mm2 =m
Minimum steel governs in the remaining raft. Critical sections in shear.
WINBEF Solution:
WINBEF Input
Young’s modulus of soil, Es ¼ 105 kN=m2 , unit weight of soil, gsoil ¼ 20 kN=m3 .