What is Drafting?

Drafting, also spelled draughting, also called engineering drawing, graphical representation of
structures, machines, and their component parts that communicates the engineering intent of a
technical design to the craftsman or worker who makes the product.

At the design stage, both freehand and mechanical drawings serve the functions of inspiring and guiding
the designer and of communicating among the designer, collaborators, production department, and
marketing or management personnel. At this stage exact mechanical drawings can clarify, confirm, or
disqualify a scheme that looked promising in a freehand sketch. Actually, both the sketch and the exact
mechanical drawing are essential parts of the process of designing, and both belong to the field of
drafting. After the basic design has been established, drafting skills aid in the development and
transmission of the wealth of data necessary for the production and assembly of the parts. For an
automobile, a skyscraper, or a spacecraft, tens of thousands of drawings may be needed to convey all of
the requirements of the finished product from the designers to the fabricators.

The completion of the set of drawings necessary for the manufacture of a product or the construction of
a project involves three important factors: (1) itemization of every detail and requirement of the final
product or project; (2) application of good judgment and knowledge of standard drafting procedures to
select the combination of drawings and specifications that will convey the information identified in
stage (1) in the clearest possible manner; and (3) deployment of skilled personnel and suitable
equipment to produce the documents specified in stage (2).

Drafting is based on the concept of orthographic projection, which in turn is the principal concern of the
branch of mathematics called descriptive geometry. Although preceded by the publication of related
material and followed by an extensive development, the book Géométrie descriptive (1798) by Gaspard
Monge, an 18th-century French mathematician, is regarded as the first exposition of descriptive
geometry and the formalization of orthographic projection. The growth and development of the drafting
profession were favoured by the application of the concepts published by Monge, the need to
manufacture interchangeable parts, the introduction of the blueprinting process, and the economy
offered by a set of drawings that in most cases made the building of a working model unnecessary.

Persons with a variety of skills and specialties are essential to the design and implementation of
engineering and architectural projects. Drafting provides communication among them and coordination
of their activities. The designer has primary responsibility for the basic conception and final solution but
depends upon the support of several levels of drafters who prepare graphic studies of details; determine
fits, clearances, and manufacturing feasibility; and prepare the working drawings. The delineator, or
technical illustrator, converts preliminary or final drawings into pictorial representations, usually
perspective constructions in full colour to help others visualize the product, to inform the public, to
attract investment, or to promote sales. Before undertaking their own drawings, persons entering the
profession of drafting may trace drawings to revise or repair them, then advance to the preparation of
detail drawings, tables of materials, schedules of subassemblies (such as doors and windows), and the
dimensioning of drawings initiated by more experienced colleagues. The wide spectrum of activities
demanded of a design team requires that its members combine experience and creativity with skills in
visualization, analysis, and delineation and with knowledge of materials, fabrication processes, and
standards.

It is the responsibility of the manufacturing, fabricating, or construction workers to follow a set of

drawings and specifications exactly; there should be no need for them to ask questions or make
decisions regarding particulars of the design. All such particulars are the responsibility of the design
team; the drawings must clearly convey all necessary information so that the functional requirements of
and regulatory restrictions on the completed product or project are satisfied, the mechanical properties
of the materials are appropriate, and the machining operations and assembly or erection procedures are
possible.

The strictly utilitarian objectives of drafting and its emphasis on clarity and accuracy clearly differentiate
it from the allied art form covered in the article drawing. Cartographic drafting is treated in the articles
map and surveying. Some specific applications of drafting are dealt with in the articles building
construction: Modern building practices; interior design; and clothing and footwear industry.

REF: https://www.britannica.com/topic/drafting