1
REDEVELOPMENT
Redevelopment is any new construction on a
site that has pre-existing uses
• Redevelopment projects can be small or
large ranging from a single building to
entire new neighbourhoods or "new town in
town" projects.
“Redevelopment” makes communities viable.
Financial and legal tools are used to ensure
that the redevelopment process is executed
sufficiently. An important component that
contributes to the success of redevelopment,
which is sometimes overlooked, is the
presence of human capital. The fabric of a
community is more a function of its residents
than of the bricks and mortar. When
designing your redevelopment project
consider how the community functions on all
levels. By doing so, investors can draw on
existing resources in a neighbourhood to
make their projects, your projects.
BATTERSA POWER STATION REDEVELOPED BATTERSA POWER STATION
HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
A process to rebuild or restore an area in a
measurable state of decline,
disinvestment, or abandonment.
Redevelopment may be publicly or
privately initiated, but it is commonly
recognized as the process governed by the
Local Redevelopment and Housing Law
and undertaken in accordance with a
redevelopment plan adopted by a
municipality. If used correctly, it can
transform an underutilized or distressed
area into an economically viable and
productive part of the community.”
OLD CHANDNI CHOWK
TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY
TYPES OF REDEVELOPMENT INCLUDE:
Urban infill on vacant parcels that have no existing
activity but were previously developed, especially
on Brownfield land, such as the redevelopment of an
industrial site into a mixed-use development.
• Constructing with a denser land usage, such as the
redevelopment of a block of townhouses into a large
apartment building.
• Adaptive reuse, where older structures are converted
for improved current market use, such as an industrial
mill into housing lofts.
URBAN RENEWAL
It is a program of land redevelopment in cities, often
where there is urban decay. Urban renewal often refers
to the clearing out of blighted areas in inner cities to
clear out slums and create opportunities for higher class
housing, businesses, and more.
REDEVELOPED CHANDNI CHOWK
NAME – VIPIN MAURYA
ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER
 2
METHODS OF REDEVELOPMENT

Addition and Alteration Reconstruction

Definition of replacing a substantial

A&A works involve minor works to an existing
part of the house by construction.
landed houses as follow to certain factors
• Proposed increases in the gross area
• Addition of Gross area does not exceed 50% of
(GFA) of the properly exceeds 50% of
the existing approved gross floor area of the
the approved GFA (eg. By adding a
existing laded dwelling house
second storey to a single house).
• Less than 50 % of the existing external wall of
• External building walls to be removed
the exiting building are to be removed and / or
and replaced with new exceeds 50%
replaced with new walls (excluding replacement
of the approved external wall.
of doors and windows).
• Columns/beams/floor/slabs to be
• Structural changes to existing floor area such as
removed and replaced exceed 50% of
replacing or constructing new columns/beams
the approved columns/floor slabs.
and reconstructing existing floor slabs which are
not more than 50% if the existing structure.
• Change/replacement of entire roof regardless of
New Erection/Re-build
increase in height as long as it does not involve
an additional storey.
• New erection/ rebuild refers to where
• Addition of an attic provided the increase in
a building is demolished and a new
GFA complies with criterion (1)
one erected. The Gross Floor area can
• Works that don not result in a change to the
be increases as long as it is comply
landed dwelling house from ( e.g.. From semi-
with Prevailing Development Control
detached dwelling
Parameters.
Houses to detached dwelling houses. Linked
houses to detached dwelling houses.)

NAME – VIPIN MAURYA

HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER

GUIDELINES FOR REDEVELOPMENT SCHEME: DELHI
• Influence zone along MRTS corridors and the sub-Zones for the
redevelopment and renewal should be identified on the basis of physical
features such as metros, building, drain, high tension lines and control
zones, Monuments/ Heritage areas, etc.
• The residents/co operative societies/private developments should get the
layout and services plan prepared in consultation with the concerned
authority for approval.
• Within the overall Redevelopment/ Regularization plans, building plan
approval shall be at following two stage.
a) Planning permission for an area of around 4 Ha. This permission may
not be required in case an approved
layout/Redevelopment/Regularisation plan exists.
b) 1. Cluster Block for a minimum area of 3000 sq.m. The owner should
poor together and reorganize their individual properties so as to provide
minimum 30% of areas as common green/soft parking besides circulation
areas and common facilities.
2. individual building shall be given sanction by the concerned
authority with in the framework of cluster block approval.
c) The norms of Group Housing with respects to ground coverage.
Basement, parking, setbacks etc. (except FAR )shall be applicable.
• Amalgamation and reconstitution of the plots for planning purpose will
be permitted.
• To incentive the redevelopment a maximum overall FAR of 50% over ads
above the existing permissible FAR on individual plots subjective to a
maximum of 400% shall be permissible. Higher FAR shall however not
be permissible in redevelopment of Lutyens Bungalow Zone, Civil lines
Bungalows Areas and Monuments Regulated Zone.
HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY
3
• In case of plots with service lanes, the lane area may be included in
the scheme. However, no FAR covering will be granted and the
area shall be used as public area.
• The standard of housing density, minimum width of roads and
community facilities can be relaxed, wherever justified, by
planning consideration ( e.g. pedestrianization of the area).
• The public and semi-public uses and services like hospitals,
dispensaries, colleges, school, police station, fore station, post
offices, local governments offices, parking etc. shall be retained in
their presents location as far as possible and if not, relocated as
part of the redevelopment scheme.
Alternative sites shall be indicated in the Redevelopment
schemes/Zonal Developments plan. Any change or addition
thereof shall be in accordance with the overall policy frame
prescribe in the plan.
Reduced space standards may adopted of community facilities/
social infrastructure for the areas mentioned in 4.2.2.2 B Sub para
(ii) ‘social’. The land required for any public purpose may be
acquired with the consent of the owner through issue of
Development Rights Certificate in lieu of payment towards cost of
land as per the prescribed regulations. The concept of
Accommodation Reservation i.e. allowing construction of
community facilities without counting in FAR may be utilized.
• Subject to preparation and approval of integrated/ comprehensive
Redevelopment scheme and provision of parking and services, up
to 10% of the FAR may be allowed for commercial use and 10% of
the FAR for community facilities with a view to trigger a process
of self-generating redevelopment.
NAME – VIPIN MAURYA
ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER
 4
DEVELOPMENT CONTROL NORMS-
USE/USE MAXIMUM FAR HEIGHT PARKING OTHER CONTROLS S.NO MAIN FACILITIES SUB REQUIREMENTS S.NO PUBLIC TIME SAVERS NEUFERTS (METER NEUFERTS
PREMISES COVERAGE (M) STANDARD 1. 24 HR LIFT FOR BUILDING ARES STANDARDS (METER SQUARE PER (FOR A 100-ROOM
(%) ECS/100 SQ.M OF GREATER THAN G+2 FLOORS SQUARE ) ROOM) CITY HOTEL)
FLOOR AREA 2. GUEST ROOM 1. MIN 10 ROOMS
2. AREA= 140 SQ.FT,
HOTEL UPTO 1.75-3 NR* UPTO 3 1) 5% OF THE FAR CAN BE USED THE 3. SINGLE ROOMS, 120 SQ.FT 1 LOBBY + RECEPTION 102.19 0.4 40
40 COMMERCIAL SPACE RELATED TO HOTEL 4. 100% AIR CONDITIONING
FUNCTION. 5. AT LEAST ONE ROOM FOR DIFFERENTLY ABLED GUEST, MIN. DOOR
2) BASEMENT UP TO THE BUILDING WIDTH = 1M
ENVELOP TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT OF 2 RESTAURANTS
3. SUITE ( 2% OF ROOM BLOCK 139.35 0.6 60
PLOT AREA SHALL BE ALLOWED AND IF
USED OF PARKING AND SERVICES SHOULD WITH A MINIMUM OF 1)
NOT BE COUNTED IN FAR. 4. PUBLIC AREAS 1. RECEPTION FACILTY
2. LOUNGE WITH SITTING AREA IN LOBBY
3 SHOPS + RETAIL 1.1 110
3. BAR
STORE
COMMERCIAL 25 % 1.00 NR 3 1) MAXIMUM 10% ADDITIONAL 5 BATHROOM 1. ALL ROOMS WITH ATTACHED BATHROOM
CENTER GROUND COVERAGE SHALL BE 2. MIN. AREA = 36 SQ.FT
ALLOWED FOR PROVIDING ATRIU 3. WITH SHOWER CABIN 4 LOUNGE + BAR 55.74+18.58 0.2 20
( INCLUDING
COMMERCIAL 4. SOME ROOMS MUST HAVE BATH TUBS
COMPONENT 6 FOOD AND BEVERAGES GRADE ACITIES:
ALONG 1. ONE MULTI-CUISINE RESTAURANT CUM COFFEE SHOP OPEN FROM 7 5 CLOAK ROOM 14.86 0.5 50
RAILWAY/ A.M. TO 11 P.M.,
MRTS 2. ONE SPECIALITY RESTAURANT AND 24 HR. ROOM SERVICE.
STATIONS/ISBT) 6 PARKING
GRADE B CITIES:
1. ONE MULTI-CUISINE RESTAURANT OPEN FROM 7 A.M. TO 11 P.M..
2. ONE 24 HR. ROOM SERVICE. 7 RECREATIONAL 51.7 5170
RESIDENTIAL 33.3 % 200 + 30 FOR NR 2.0 ECS/100 SQ.M BUILT AREAS(OUTDOO
PLOT - GROUP SERVICE UP AREA GRADE- A: DELHI * MUMBAI, KOLKATA, CHENNAI, BANGALORE, PUNE, R)
HOUSING PERSONNEL 0.5 ECS/100 SQM FOR HYDERABAD/ SECUNDERABAD.
/EWS EWS/SERVICE •DELHI WOULD INCLUDE THE HOTELS FALLING IN GURGAON,
PERSONNEL HOUSING. FARIDABAD, GHAZIABAD, NOIDA AND GREATER NOIDA.
8 BANQUET 217.39 1.3 130
GRADE– B: CITIES IN THE REST OF THE COUNTRY EXCLUDING GRADE ‘A’
CITIES.

REQUIREMENTS ( HOTEL) SANITRY STANDARDS

S.NO PUBLIC TIME SAVERS NEUFERTS (METER NEUFERTS S.NO PUBLIC TIME SAVERS NEUFERTS (METER NEUFERTS
S.NO PUBLIC AREAS PRIVATE PRIVATE SEMI PRIVATE ARES STANDARDS (METER SQUARE PER (FOR A 100- ARES STANDARDS (METER SQUARE PER (FOR A 100-ROOM
AREAS(STAFF) AREAS(GUEST) SQUARE ) ROOM) ROOM SQUARE ) ROOM) CITY HOTEL)
CITY HOTEL)
1 LOBBY + RECEPTION ADMINISTRATION OFFICE SINGLE BEDROOM BANQUET 1 LOBBY + RECEPTION 102.19 0.4 40 1 LOBBY + RECEPTION 102.19 0.4 40

2 RESTAURANTS ACCOUNTS OFFICE DOUBLE BEDROOM DINING HALL

2 RESTAURANTS 139.35 0.6 60 2 RESTAURANTS 139.35 0.6 60
3 SHOPS + RETAIL STORE TECHNICAL/ DELUXE BEDROOM MULTIPURPOSE HALL
MECHANICAL ROOMS
3 SHOPS + RETAIL 1.1 110 3 SHOPS + RETAIL 1.1 110
4 LOUNGE + BAR BEDROOMS SUITE BEDROOM STORE
STORE

5 CLOAK ROOM LAUNDRY + STORAGE STEAM ROOMS + SPA 4 LOUNGE + BAR 55.74+18.58 0.2 20 4 LOUNGE + BAR 55.74+18.58 0.2 20

6 PARKING KITCHEN + STORAGE LOUNGE + BAR

5 CLOAK ROOM 14.86 0.5 50 5 CLOAK ROOM 14.86 0.5 50
7 RECREATIONAL CONTROL ROOM READING
AREAS(OUTDOR) 6 PARKING 6 PARKING

8 BANQUET WASTE DISPOSAL RECREATIONAL AREAS 7 RECREATIONAL 51.7 5170 7 RECREATIONAL 51.7 5170
(SWIMMING POOL, PARKS) AREAS(OUTDOO AREAS(OUTDOO
R) R)
9 LOCKERS + WASHROOMS

10 PANTRY 8 BANQUET 217.39 1.3 130 8 BANQUET 217.39 1.3 130

NAME – VIPIN MAURYA

HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER
 5
SERVICES
BUBBLE DIAGRAM OF HOTEL
S.NO MAIN
FACILITIES
TIME SAVER NEUFERTS BYE LAWS(MIN)
Facilities for handicapped and disabled
1. STAIRCASE STAIRWAYS ON THE TYPICAL FLOOR
FOR 7 STORIES IS 2 STAIRWAYS
•
•
WIDTH 1.5 M.
MAXIMUM HEIGHT 0.15 M
1) Atleast 1-2% of rooms (preffered on ground
2. PASSAGE / CORRIDOR WIDTH-6FT (1.8M)
NOT BE OVER 100FT IN LENGTH
•
•
1.5 M FOR SINGLE LOADED
1.8M FOR DOUBLE LOADED
floor)
3. PANTRY •
•
AREA 3.0 SQ.MT
HEIGHT 2.75MT
2) Ramps – 1:10/12
4. WASHROOM 35% AREA ALLOTED FORTOILETS 80 SQ.MT • MINIMUM SIZE OF A CUBICLE
SHALL BE 1500 MM X 1750 MM. 3) Corridors - .915m
• MINIMUM CLEAR OPENING OF

5. STORE FURNITURE STORE – 0.3M2/ROOM 20 SQ.MT + 180 SQ.MT

DOOR SHALL BE 0.9M
4) Doors - .815m (clear opening)
LINEN STORE – 0.4M2/ROOM, SHELVES ( FURNITURE + • HEIGHT HAS TO BE 2.20MT.
AT LEAST 600 WIDE OPEN GENERAL)
5) Bathrooms :
6. LAUNDARY AREA -140M2FOR 200 BEDROOMS 60 SQ.MT

7. STAFF AREA +LOCKER

ROOM
200 SQ.MT a)Central turning space -1.52m
8. i)LIFTS SERVICE LIFT +
CIRCULATION AREA - 160
SQ.MT
• IN A DUAL LINE ARRANGEMENT THE
LOBBY MAY BE BETWEEN 1.5 TO 2.5
TIMES THE DEPTH OF ONE CAR.
b)Width – 2.75m
• FOR IN-LINE ARRANGEMENTS THE

ii)FIRE LIFTS •
LOBBY MAY BE AS MUCH AS LIFT
CAR DEPTH
FLOOR AREA OF NOT LESS THAN 1.4
c)Vanity tops - .860 m high
SQ. M
• LOADING CAPACITY OF NOT LESS
THAN 545 KG (8 PERSONS LIFT) ALL
THE FLOORS SHALL BE ACCESSIBLE
d)Knee space- .685m
FOR 24 HOURS BY THE LIFTS.

e)Toilet seat height - .430m

• Hotels offer different types of accomodations , f)Grab bars –to be provided on headwall and
including sides
1)Bedrooms:
1) Bedrooms a)Width- 3.65 m RESIDENTIAL PLOT- GROUP HOUSING
2) Self catering units b)Space between beds and furniture - .910m
3) Apartments c)Beds- .450-.500m high (with toe space) S.NO PUBLIC AREAS PRIVATE PRIVATE SEMI PRIVATE
AREAS(STAFF) AREAS(GUEST)

All of which use hotel services d)Eye level for wheelchair – 1.07-1.37m 1 PARKING BEDROOMS GUEST BEDROOM DINING HALL

• ROOMS INCLUDE : 7)low window sills -preferred 2

3
RECREATIONAL
AREAS(OUTDOR)
BANQUET
LAUNDRY + STORAGE

KITCHEN + STORAGE

1) Sitting area with chairs

2) A desk S.NO AREAS
BUILDING BYE LAWS
OF DELHI S.NO
TYPES OF
DWELLING
BUILDING BYE LAWS
OF DELHI
AREAS
3) Tv cupboard 1 PARKING
(SQ. M AREAS)
28/30/35 1 CATEGORY 1
(SQ. M AREAS)
UP TO 40

4) Self service drinls refrigerator 2 RECREATIONAL

AREAS(OUT
AS PER REQUIREMENT 2 CATEGORY 2 40-80

OR)
5) Suitcase stands 3 BANQUET 1.2/PERSONS 3 CATEGORY 3 ABOVE 80

• some points to be considered : 4 BEDROOMS 9.5

4.5 + 0.5
6 KITCHEN + STORAGE
1) Corridor space : 6 sq.M per room 7
AS PER REQUIREMENT
DINING HALL

2) Corridor width : 1.5m-1.8m

3) Separate routes for – guests, service and goods.

NAME – VIPIN MAURYA

HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER
 6
SPECIAL AREA NORMS FOR HOUSING OFFICE SPACE

RESTAURANT SUB AREAS REQUIRED RESTAURANT TYPES

SPACE REQUIREMENTS DINING AREA - HOTEL

NAME WIDTH
MAIN AISLE MIN 2M
INTERMEDIA MIN 0.9M SECTIONS
T E
SIDE AISLES MIN 1.2M

STANDARD LAYOUT PLANS

BAR AREA

BAR STOOLS COUNTER

NAME – VIPIN MAURYA

HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER
 7
PARKING
TYPICAL ROOM ARRANGEMENTS - HOTEL
REFUGE AREAS ESCLATORS
STANDARD CAR
For buildings more than 24 m in height, refuge area of 15 m2 or an
area equivalent to 0.3 m2 per person to accommodate the occupants
of two consecutive floors, the refuge area shall be provided on the
periphery of the floor or preferably on a cantilever projection and
open to air at least on one side protected with suitable railings.

A) for floors above 24 m and up to 39 m — one refuge area on the

floor immediately above 24 m.
STANDARD CAR DIMENTIONS
REFUGE AREAS ABOVE 39 M — ELEVATIONAL DETAIL

DELHI CAR ECS

One refuge area on the floor immediately above39 m and so on after
SURFACE 28 sq. m.
PARKING every 15 m. Refuge area provided in excess of the requirements

STILT 30 sq. m.
shall be counted Towards far. Where there is a difference in level
PARKING Between connected areas for horizontal exits, ramps, not more than
BASEMENT 32 sq. m. 1 in 10 m slope shall be Provided; steps shall not be used. Doors in
COMPLEX CIRCULAR RAMPS PARKING
ARE TO BE AVOIDED, FOR horizontal exits shall beopenable at all times from both sides
CORRIDOR BETTER FUNCTIONALITY.
TOILETS
VENTILATOR
PLAN OF ESCLATORS

PARKING PROVISIONS ACCORDING TO CIRCULATION AND TRAFFICMOVEMENT

RAMPS WITH GRADIENTS

a. Where ramps with gradients are necessary or desired, they shall conform
to the following requirements.
b. A ramp when provided should not have a slope greater than 1 in 20 or
maximum
of 1 in 12 for short distance up to 9 000 mm.
c. A ramp shall have handrails on at least one side, and preferably two
sides, that
are 900 mm high, measured from the surface of the ramp, that are smooth,
and
that extend 300 mm beyond the top and bottom of the ramp. Where major
traffic
is predominantly children, the handrails should be placed 760 mm high.

MINIUM WIDTH OF STAIR

NAME – VIPIN MAURYA

HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER
 8
LIFT STANDARD FIRE SERVICES AND EQUIPMENTS
SPRINKLERS (ISO 6182-13:2017 & NFPA 13)
• A single line of sprinklers is permitted to protect a maximum
of two stories of wall area or two levels of vertically aligned
windows where architectural features are sufficiently flush to
allow rundown.
• Where window sills or similar features result in recesses or
projections exceeding 1 in. (25.4 mm) in depth, separate
sprinklers shall be provided for each window on each level, WIND ROSE
regardless of whether protection is being provided for
windows or complete walls.
• For wall protection systems, sprinklers shall be located 6 in.
To 12 in. (152 mm to 305 mm) from the wall surface and
within 6 in. (152 mm) of the top of the wall, with maximum
PASSANGER LIFT spacing of 8 ft (2.44 m) or as indicated in the sprinkler listing
for exposure protection use.
SMOKE ALARMS (NFPA 72-2010 & ISO 7240-14:2013) The precipitation
varies 243 mm
• The smoke alarm shall be so designed that a sphere of between the driest
diameter larger than (1,3 ± 0,05) mm cannot pass into the month and the
sensor chamber(s). wettest month. The
• The audible alarm condition shall be emitted by all of the average temperatures
interconnecting smoke alarms when smoke is detected by vary during the year
any of the interconnected smoke alarms. by 20.1 °C.
• The distance between two smoke detectors should be .5 SEISMIC MAP OF INDIA
meters (from center to center of the other smoke detector)
and between two heat detectors should be =7.5 meters.
• Placement of detectors near air conditioning or incoming air
vents can cause excessive accumulation of dust and dirt on
the detectors. Detectors should not be located closer than 3
feet from an air supply diffuser or an air return vent.

NAME – VIPIN MAURYA

HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER

SOIL TYPE – KAKRA SERIES
Kakra series comprises well. drained to excessively
drained, very deep sandy loam to loam soils of dark
yellowish brown to strong brown colours. The soil
occurs on nearly level to gently sloping levees on
alluvium.
Kakra series is a member of coarse loamy, mixed,
hyperthermic family of Udic Ustochrepts.
Typifying Pedon: Kakra loamy sand-cultivated.
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION
HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
9
CASE STUDY
REDEVELOPMENT
The Kwun Tong Town Centre project
The Kwun Tong Town Centre project in Hong Kong is one of the biggest urban renewal
redevelopment projects ever since. Occupying a site area of 570,000 square feet, this
multi-billion-dollar project will be the largest single project undertaken by the Urban
Renewal Authority (URA) affecting about 1,653 property interests and about 5,000 people.
Most of the existing buildings in the area were built in the 1960s, although 24 buildings
are well over 40 years old and quite dilapidated. Back-lane hawker stalls and temporary
structures pose serious hygiene and safety problems, with the poor sanitary conditions
contributing to a hazardous living environment. The project plans include residential and
commercial developments, leisure and recreational amenities, various community
facilities, a public transport interchange, Government offices, and medical clinic. A
landmark building will be erected in Kwun Tong once the redevelopment project is
completed.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECTS FACES LOTS OF CHALLENGES
The project involves more than 1,600 property interests and around 5,000 residents, and
over 500 shops and licensed hawkers are affected. Taking proper care of all these
stakeholders, and handling their re-housing arrangements, is a substantial and difficult
task. Because of the unprecedented scale of the project, the very large number of
property interests involved and the need to ensure that the offers made closely reflect
market prices, 11 independent surveyors have been appointed to work out offer prices for
these properties. They are required to take into account both current market conditions
and the URA’s established compensation policies.
NAME – VIPIN MAURYA
TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER
 10
INTRODUCTION

The Kwun Tong Town Centre project is one of the largest redevelopment projects
in Hong Kong Occupying a site area of 57,000 square meters, this multi-billion-
dollar project was the largest single project undertaken by the Urban Renewal
Authority (URA) in Hong Kong. The Project affected about 1,653 property interests
and about 5,000 people. The URA commenced the statutory town planning
approval process for the project as early as in March 2007. Because of the very
large scale and complexity of the project, the URA will work closely with the local
community to ensure that the views of all important stakeholders are fully taken
into
consideration in the project planning.

The existing Kwun Tong Town Centre was built in the 1960s. Generally speaking,
the design of the over forty-year-old centre is becoming obsolete and not capable
to cope with the requirement for a town centre in the 21st century.

Within the area, there are mainly low to medium-rise tenement buildings for
retail and residential uses. As the buildings are old with obsolete design and
inadequate services, maintenance on these buildings is getting more costly and
inefficient. The living environment is unsatisfactory as evidenced by the
deteriorating sanitation and hygiene conditions, the worrying security and safety
concerns, a lack of green areas and the very limited communal facilities. The
traffic conditions are in chaos and not up to standard for a town centre of an area
having probably the highest population density in the world. A new and
rejuvenated town centre is needed. These feelings are shared and agreed by The
HKIS.

A redevelopment of the Kwun Tong Town Centre seems to be a possible solution

to resolve the above problems. A well-balanced, fully public-consulted and
carefully considered redevelopment scheme shall not only be able to meet with
the above requirements, but may also render Kwun Tong Town Centre a hub of
the Southeast Kowloon Development at the eastern end and a new landmark of
Hong Kong

NAME – VIPIN MAURYA

HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER
 11
The Problem - Under-utilization of Land and Dilapidation of buildings A History of Kwun Tong Town Centre

Apart from redeveloping dilapidated buildings in older urban areas, an important
objective of urban renewal is to provide community facilities that are inadequate or
absent in such areas at present. The Urban Renewal Authority (URA) in Hong Kong
was responsible for the redevelopment of this Kwun Tong Town Centre Project
which would be the largest urban redevelopment scheme ever since. It should be
note that:
(a) The Kwun Tong Town Centre redevelopment project covers an area of about five
hectares, of which around 70 per cent is Government land. We expect that the
future development of the town centre will be mainly for residential and
commercial purposes. In order to improve the local environment and traffic
conditions, the initial plan is to provide much needed open space and a well-
designed transport interchange with appropriate pedestrian facilities in the town
centre. To cater for the growing population and to better serve the residents, we
also plan to provide more community and welfare facilities, including schools,
markets, refuse collection points, cultural and recreational facilities, residential and
nursing homes for the elderly. These facilities are essential to any community.
The Kwun Tong Road Town Centre is divided into two distinct worlds. On one
side there’s a fast-paced, modern society which is the result of the revitalization
of the original industrial area that has been gradually converted into office
building as well as edgy shopping malls. On the other side, however, is a run-
down, more oldy-worldy depiction of Hong Kong, where low-rise
buildings land-marked by the “Yue Man Sqaure” buildings, are crumbling away,
small businesses are operated in shacks, elderly people slowly shuffle down the
streets and old fashioned theatres lie abandoned, buried and forgotten in time.
This part of ‘old Hong Kong’ is the subject of this redevelopment or renewal
project which is now undergoing a huge transformation. The renewal of Kwun
Tong Town Centre has set to give the neighbourhood a much-needed facelift but
also, as criticized by some people, destroying a cherished piece of the city’s
history.

(b) The Kwun Tong Town Centre is a large Comprehensive Redevelopment Area
(CDA). Having regard to the future population distribution and the existing facilities,
a secondary school or post-secondary college has been included in the planned
facilities. The provision of these educational facilities is appropriate for the overall
development in future.

(c) In formulating a detailed development plan, the URA has conducted detailed
studies regarding the Kwun Tong Town Centre project with respect to the transport
arrangements, land use planning and financial arrangements. Relevant Government
departments are actively assisting the URA in the matter.

NAME – VIPIN MAURYA

HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER

Land Acquisition and Resumption Acquisition Principles
The acquisition principles adopted by the URA are based on the revised Home
Purchase Allowance (HPA) and ex-gratia allowance for commercial properties
endorsed by the Finance Committee of the Legislative Council in March 2001.
According to the existing policy, the URA's acquisition offer for an owner
occupied domestic property is the market value of the property plus an ex-
gratia allowance (i.e. HPA). The assessment of HPA is based on the value of a
seven-year-old notional flat. Independent professional surveyor carried out
the valuation of notional flat value, the existing use value and the HPA is the
difference of the notional flat value minus the existing use value. All owner
occupiers will be offered an acquisition price of existing use value plus the
HPA which is eventually the notional flat value. While for the tenanted (non-
owner occupied) and vacant domestic properties, the acquisition offer is the
market value of the property on existing use bases plus a supplementary
allowance (a percentage of HPA).
Re-housing and Ex-gratia Payment Principles
According the existing URA's policy, domestic tenants (affected by the ex-LDC
redevelopment projects) who meet the eligibility criteria for public rental
housing of the Hong Kong Housing Authority and Hong Kong Housing Society
may opt for re-housing in lieu of cash compensation if they has occupied the
subject property under valid tenancies before 9 July 2004. Compassionate re-
housing will be considered for those tenants who do not meet the normal
eligibility criteria but face genuine hardship.
Eligible domestic tenants who are not allocated re-housing due to various
reasons or who decline re-housing will receive ex-gratia payments. Moreover,
eligible non-domestic tenants are entitled to an ex-gratia allowance which is 3
times the RV of the affected premises.
HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY
12
Public Consultation and Engagement
Involving 5.3 hectares of valuable urban land, the scale of the Project will be very
substantial. A comprehensive public consultation on the various issues, especially on
those controversial topics including design detail, scheme selection as well as
resumption and compensation package is required so that the needs of all sectors of
the society can be balanced and cared. It has been raised to the URA the importance
of information transparency in order that the public may keep on monitoring and
expressing their opinions throughout the whole redevelopment process. Particularly
we would recommend more consultation be made to solicit the views and support
from the local residents such as those at the District Council, stakeholders such as
those owners of properties and related professional bodies who could offer impartial
and professional comments. Since the Kwun Tong Town Centre redevelopment project
affects many households and business, a careful consultation process has been taken
in order to ensure that the scheme is wide accepted by the people. URA has adopted a
proactive, bottom-up approach in its community engagement initiatives involving
extensively the local community and key stakeholders in a participative planning and
design process. Based on public views collected in four rounds of public consultation
exercises, we have formulated the draft plans and final design which have just been
submitted to the TPB for consideration.
The Community Engagement Process
The community engagement process was a most elaborate consultation process that
has ever taken. The process can be divided into four stages, with the last stage being
the statutory required process during formal town planning application process.
The First Stage – Sizing Community Aspirations
A community aspiration study in Kwun Tong was conducted. The research team
conducted focus group meetings and interviews. Surveys were conducted including a
stratified sample of 930 residents living there and the adjacent areas within Kwun
Tong.
NAME – VIPIN MAURYA
ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER

The Second Stage – developing planning parameters
A Kwun Tong District Advisory Committee (KTDAC) was formed during the
second stage of community engagement process. The KTDAC was composed of
the board members of the URA, Kwun Tong District Council members, resident
representatives and other professionals. The function of the KTDAC is to advice
the URA on the redevelopment, preservation and renewal in Kwun Tong, to
reflect the aspirations and concerns of the community and the relevant
suggestions, and to facilitate the community’s understanding of the work of the
URA.
The Third Stage: Road Show
Three models of the alternative design concepts were exhibited in four different
locations in Kwun Tong to provide more information about the project to the
residents of and Kwun Tong
Development Design Concept
There are voices from green groups and some political parties requesting for
more stringent restrictions on the development density of the Project so that
the future Kwun Tong Town Centre would be more environmental friendly and
the adverse environmental impact of the Project to the surrounding could be
put to the minimum. Other opinions worry the lowered development density
would affect the attractiveness and even the financial feasibility of the Project.
In the Public Consultation Document, the URA has listed five guiding principles,
which have been the foundation to a successful redevelopment of the Kwun
Tong Town Centre:
1. Wide public consultation and participation in planning and design;
2. Understanding and acceptance of URA’s prevailing compensation and
rehousing policies by those affected;
3. Phased development to minimize impact and sustain economic vibrancy of
the area;
4. Adoption of a creative and visionary design for a 21st century town centre;
and
5. Prudent financing strategies to ensure financial sustainability.
HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY
13
The development scheme plans of the Kwun Tong Town Centre project as
approved by the Town Planning Board (TPB) signifying commencement of the
statutory planning procedures for the mega project. Major design features of the
project are results of an extensive consultation with the community, which
include landmark features of a modernistic design, increased open space and
greening, comprehensive community and commercial services as well as
community friendly features such as street and bazaar in traditional "kaifong-
style" (neighbourhoods).
Occupying a total site area of 5.35 hectares, the Kwun Tong Town Centre project
is expected to deliver a total floor area of 400,000 square metres, comprising
210,000 square metres for commercial, 160,000 squares metres for residential
and 32,000 square metres for Government/Institution/Community purposes.
Besides, there will be 8,700 square metres of meticulously landscaped and
sculptured open space for the enjoyment of the public. Mainstream public
opinion collected during the public consultations has been used as the
cornerstone of the
FINAL DESIGN.
The redevelopment scheme has heeded the views of the residents and other
stakeholders in the latest design effort. In particular, 12 major features have been
incorporated to reflect the aspirations of the community. These include:
diversified build-form and architecture for community, commercial and
residential purposes, ranging from modernistic and landmark features to
traditional kaifong-style street and bazaar;
• a reasonable plot ratio commensurate with a town centre for the 600,000
population of Kwun Tong;
• appropriate building height to free up more public open space on the ground;
• landmarks in the form of an oval-shaped multi-purpose civic centre, an iconic
commercial tower and a cone-shaped glass atrium for the public transport
interchange;
NAME – VIPIN MAURYA
ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER

• a terraced -garden design with abundant water features;
• green coverage of almost 30 percent of the site area;
• enlarging the Yue Man Square Rest Garden by four times and preservation
of the old trees;
• an all-weather integrated public transport interchange that enables the
entire site to become car-free in the open areas;
• using a building set-back design to widen the roads and pedestrian paths,
and offer better views for all buildings surrounding the site;
• placing the commercial complex along Kwun Tong road as noise barrier for
residential blocks in the north;
• priority to be given to the reprovisioning of government buildings; and
• a sophisticated network of footbridges and tunnels to enhance connectivity
between the site and the surrounding.
Moreover, it is expected that air ventilation would be much improved and
noise pollution much reduced because of the purpose-built new structures.
HINDI SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE
14
The design concepts were based on a plot ratio of 7.98, which is in full
compliance with the Hong Kong Planning Standards and Guidelines and
requirements of Outline Zoning Plan. However, after considering carefully all
views expressed by various quarters of the community and a cautious
assessment of the financial risks, a lower the plot ratio to 7.5 including provision
of all the community facilities was adopted.
Economic Effect
With a total development cost of over $30 billion, Kwun Tong Town Centre is the
most challenging development ever undertaken. Despite the high financial risk
involved, the scheme was decided to press on with the community-friendly
design not only for the good of the local community but also a host of socio-
economic benefits for the wider community of Hong Kong.
Implementation
The Kwun Tong Town Centre redevelopment scheme was eventually commenced
in 2012. Acquisition of private interest was undertaken and the successful rate
was over 80%. The Government then exercise its statutory power under the
relevant law to resume the remaining land interest in order to clear all the
ownership title of the site within the Phase I. The buildings within the site are
currently under demolition and building works will be commenced sooner early
next year.
Conclusion
The successful of this project relies on the well prepared and arranged
preliminary work including the prolonged public consultation, public
engagement and the support of the local people. Urban renewal is always a
difficult and complicate process in a city, the successful ofthe Kwun Tong Town
Centre earmarked a new era of urban renewal milestone in Hong Kong.
NAME – VIPIN MAURYA
TOPIC – THESIS LITERATURE STUDY ROLLNO- 14025006078
CLASS- X SEMESTER