Nursing School Necessities Cheat Sheet

NORMAL VITAL SIGNS

Infant (0-12 months) Child (1-11 years) Adult (12+ years)

 Heart Rate: 100-160 beats per minute
 Respiration (0-6 months): 30-60 breaths per minute
 Respiration (6-12 months): 24-30 breaths per minute
 Blood Pressure (0-6 months): 65-90/45-65 mm Hg
 Blood Pressure (6-12 months): 80-100/55-65 mm Hg
 Temperature: 98.6° F or 37°C
 Heart Rate: 70-120 beats per minute
 Respiration (1-5 years): 20-30 breaths per minute
 Respiration (6-11 years): 12-20 breaths per minute
 Blood Pressure: 90-110/55-75 mm Hg
 Temperature: 98.6° F or 37°C
 Heart Rate: 60-100 beats per minute
 Respiration: 12-20 breaths per minute
 Blood Pressure: 120/80 mm Hg
 Temperature: 98.6° F or 37°C

LAB VALUES
Hematology Values Coagulation Parameters Serum electrolytes

 Red Blood Cells: 4.5-5.0 million  Coumadin (Warfarin)  Potassium: 3.5-5 mEq/L
 Prothrombin Time (PT): 11-14 seconds
 Hemoglobin (Male):14-18 g/dL (normal), 16-28 seconds (therapy)  Sodium: 135-145 mEq/L
 Hemoglobin (Female): 12-16 g/dL  International Normalized Ratio (INR): 0.8-1.2  Chloride: 95-105 mEq/L
(normal), 2.0-3.0 (therapy)
 Hematocrit (Male): 42-54%  Antidote: Vitamin K  Calcium: 8.5-10.9 mg/L
 Hematocrit (Female): 36-48%  Heparin/Lovenox/Dalteparin  Phosphorus: 2.5-4.5 mg/L
 White Blood Cells: 5,000-10,000  Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT): 25-35  Magnesium: 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
seconds (normal), 38-70 seconds (therapy)
 Antidote: Protamine Sulfate
Chemistry Values Arterial Blood Gas Values Therapeutic Drug Values
 Blood Glucose: 70-110 mg/dL  Bicarbonate (HCO3): 22-28 mEq/L  Digoxin: 0.5-2.0 ng/mL
 Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): 7-22 mg/dL  Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2): 35-45 mEq/L
 Lithium: 0.8-1.5 mEq/L
 Creatinine: 0.6-1.35 mg/dL  Oxygen (PaO2): 80-100 mEq/L
 Theophylline: 10-20 mcg/dL
 Specific Gravity: 1.010-1.030  ROME: Respiratory Opposite – Metabolic Equal
 Dilantin: 10-20 mcg/dL
 Protein: 6.2-8.1 g/dL - Respiratory Acidosis: pH ↓ CO2 ↑ HCO3 ↑
 Albumin: 3.9-5.0 g/dL - Metabolic Acidosis: pH ↓ CO2 ↓ HCO3 ↓
 ALT: 8-37 IU/L - Respiratory Alkalosis: pH ↑ CO2 ↓ HCO3 ↓
- Metabolic Alkalosis: pH ↑ CO2 ↑ HCO3 ↑
 AST: 10-34 IU/L

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MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
8 Rights of Medication Administration Drug Schedules Common Antidotes

1. Right Patient: Use 2 identifiers  Schedule I: Research use only  Acetaminophen  Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
2. Right Medication: Check label and order  Schedule II: Requires written prescription  Certain poisons  Activated charcoal
3. Right Dose: Make sure order is appropriate amount  Digoxin  Digibind
 Schedule III: Requires new prescription after six months
4. Right Route: Make sure route is appropriate OR five refills  Benzodiazepines  Flmazenil (Romazicon)
5. Right Time: Confirm frequency and last time given  Schedule IV: Requires new prescription after six months  Beta Blockers/Calcium Channel Blockers  Glucagon
 Insulin  Dextrose
6. Right Documentation: Document after given  Schedule V: Dispensed as any other prescription or
7. Right Reason: Confirm rationale for medication without prescription if state law permits  Magnesium Sulfate  Calcium Gluconate

8. Right Response: Make sure the patient has the  Opioids and Narcotics  Naloxone (Narcan)
desired effect of the medication  Potassium  Albuterol or Kayexalate
 Alcohol  Thiamine
CONVERSION CHART
Prefix Symbol Factor

 Kilo-  k  1,000
 Deci-  d  0.1
 Centi-  c  0.01
 Milli-  m  0.001
 Micro  μ  0.000,001
PROCESSES AND METHODS
Volume Mass/Time Height/Temperature

 1 mL = 1 cubic centimeter (cc)  1 oz = 28 grams (g)  1 cm = .01 m

 1 mL = 15 drops (gtt)  16 oz = 1 pound (lb)  2.54 cm = 1 inch
 5 mL = 1 teaspoon (tsp)  1 lb = 2.2 kilograms (kg)  Height is measured in cm
 15 mL = 3 tsp = 1 tablespoon (tbsp)  1 kg = 1000 g
Fahrenheit to Celsius
 30 mL = 1 ounce (oz) = 2 tablespoons
Military time 1. Subtract 32
 8 oz = 1 cup (c) 2. Multiply by 5
- 0000 or 2400 = midnight
 2 cups = 1 pint (pt) - 12:00 am – 12:59 pm keep the same value 3. Divide by 9
 2 pints = 1 quart (qt) - After 12:59, simply add 12 to the time.
Celsius to Fahrenheit
 4 quarts = 1 gallon (gal) - Examples: 1:00 am + 12 = 1300 hours
1. Multiply by 9
- 5:38 pm + 12 = 1738 hours
 1 gallon = 3.79 liters (L) 2. Divide by 5
- 11:05 pm + 12 = 2305 hours
3. Add 32

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