8th Group

Backformation and Derivation

V.C ( Reg. Sore)

AMIDIA SAHARA (E1D112006)
LALU KUKUH SETYA UTAMA(E1D112056)
MAYA ANGGARAENI (E1D112069)
SUSTI MAHYUDIANI (E1D112122)
What is backformation?

Definitions:
• Back-formation is either the process of creating a new lexeme (less
precisely, a new "word") by removing actual or supposed affixes, or to the
neologism formed by such a process. Back-formations are shortened words
created from longer words.
 Examples of backformation

• manipulate from manipulation

• donate from donation
• evaluate from evaluation
• emote from emotion
• orientate from orientation
• etc
 Ways of Creating Back Formation

By deleting prefixes
examples:

couth from uncouth

kempt from unkempt
By deleting suffixes
examples:
babysit from babysitter
burgle from burglar
kidnap from kidnapper
loaf from loafer
 Another way of creating word formation is by
deleting -y

examples: group consists of those with a deleted –y.

flab from flabby
funk from funky
jell from jelly
sleaze from sleazy
 What is Derivation?

• Derivation is the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another

word or stem. It typically occurs by the addition of an affix.
 EXAMPLES OF DERIVATION

• Kindness is derived from kind.

• Joyful is derived from joy.
• Amazement is derived from amaze.
• Speaker is derived from speak.
• National is derived from nation.
Derivational morphology often involves the addition of a derivational suffix or other affix. Such an affix usually applies
to words of one lexical category (part of speech) and changes them into words of another such category.

• Examples of English derivational patterns and their suffixes:

• adjective-to-noun: -ness (slow → slowness)
• adjective-to-verb: -ise (modern → modernise)
• adjective-to-adjective: -ish (red → reddish)
• adjective-to-adverb: -ly (personal → personally)
• noun-to-adjective: -al (recreation → recreational)
• noun-to-verb: -fy (glory → glorify)
• verb-to-adjective: -able (drink → drinkable)
• verb-to-noun (abstract): -ance (deliver → deliverance)
• verb-to-noun (agent): -er (write → writer)
 References
• http://grammar.about.com/od/ab/g/backformterm.htm
• http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/is-conversate-a-word?page=1
• Stekauer, Pavol. 2000. An Onomasiological Theory of English Word-formation.
• http://books.google.co.id
• http://www-01.sil.org/linguistics/glossaryoflinguisticterms/WhatIsDerivation.htm
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_back-formations
• http://www.yourdictionary.com/back-formation