Design of Composite Materials

Module 6 and Module 7

Dr.G.Venkatachalam
Professor / SMBS
VIT Chennai Campus
Chennai
Failure Theories- Isotropic Materials
Failure Theories- Composite Materials
Stress Analysis of Multidirectional
Laminates
 Macromechanical Analysis of Laminates
Laminate Code
Stress–Strain Relations for a Laminate
One–Dimensional Isotropic Beam Stress–Strain Relation
Now, if the same beam is under the influence of axial load P and
bending moment M

ε
Where 0 is the strain at z= 0 that is the centroid line of the
beam, and κ = curvature of the beam.
 Strain-Displacement Equations: Classical lamination theory
Kirchhoff Hypothesis

Assumptions
• Each lamina is orthotropic.
• Each lamina is homogeneous.
• A line straight and perpendicular to the middle surface remains straight
and perpendicular to the middle surface during deformation (γ xz = γyz= 0).
• The laminate is thin and loaded only in its plane (Plane stress)

• Displacements are continuous and small throughout the laminate,

where
Similarly, taking a cross-section in the y–z plane would give the
displacement in the y -direction as
Midplane strains

Midplane Curvature
 The laminate strains

Strain and Stress in a Laminate

The stresses vary linearly only through the thickness of each
lamina. The stresses, however, may jump from lamina to
lamina because the transformed reduced-stiffness matrix
changes from ply to ply because depends on the material and
orientation of the ply.
 Force and Moment Resultants Related to Midplane Strains and
Curvatures

Consider a laminate made of n plies shown in Figure. Each ply has a

thickness of tk. Then the thickness of the laminate h is
 Ply 1:

Ply k: (k = 2, 3,…n – 2, n – 1):

Integrating the global stresses in each lamina gives the resultant forces
per unit length in the x–y plane through the laminate thickness as
Similarly, integrating the global stresses in each lamina gives the
resulting moments per unit length in the x–y plane through the
laminate thickness as
Knowing that
Following are the steps to analyze a multidirectional laminated
composite subjected to a specified applied forces and moments: