Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Overhead Tank Report File
Overhead Tank Report File
INTRODUCTION
1.2. SCOPE
The main scope of this project is to apply class room knowledge in the real world
by designing
an overhead tank. These tanks require large and clear areas unobstructed by the
columns.
Overhead water tanks are used for domestic water storage and commercial water
purposes to
maintain flow of water to the general usage and other water requiring appliances.
1.3 GENERAL
STAAD Pro. V8i is the most popular structural engineering software product for
model
generation, analysis and multi-material design. It has an intuitive, user-friendly
GUI,
visualization tools, powerful analysis and design facilities and seamless
integration to several
other modeling and design software products. The software is fully compatible with
all
Windows operating systems but is optimized for Windows 7.
The ultimate power tool for Computerized Structural Engineering For static or
dynamic
analysis of bridges, containment structures, embedded structures (tunnels and
culverts), pipe
racks, steel, concrete, aluminum or timber buildings, transmission towers, stadiums
or any
other simple or complex structure, STAAD Pro has been the choice of design
professionals
around the world for their specific analysis needs.
Our project involves analysis and design of overhead tank using a very popular
designing
software STAAD Pro (V8i).
GCET JAMMU 1
MINOR PROJECT
We have chosen STAAD Pro because of its following advantages:
The STAAD.Pro Graphical User Interface: It is used to generate the model, which can
then
be analyzed using the STAAD engine. After analysis and design is completed, the GUI
can
also be used to view the results graphically.
Structural analysis comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to
study and
predicts the behavior of structures. Structural analysis can be viewed more
abstractly as a
method to drive the engineering design process or prove the soundness of a design
without a
dependence on directly testing it.
Design, including design for durability, construction and use in service should be
considered
as a whole. The realization of design objectives requires compliance with clearly
defined
standards for materials, production, workmanship and also maintenance and use of
structure in
service.
The design of the building is dependent upon the minimum requirements as prescribed
in the
Indian Standard Codes. The minimum requirements pertaining to the structural safety
of
buildings are being covered by way of laying down minimum design loads which have
to be
assumed for dead loads, imposed loads, and other external loads, the structure
would be
required to bear. Strict conformity to loading standards recommended in this code,
it is hoped,
will not only ensure the structural safety of the buildings which are being
designed.
GCET JAMMU 3
MINOR PROJECT
CHAPTER 2
ABOUT THE PROJECT
This is an estimated project whose design values can be used for the construction
of overhead
tank for the college and hostel, GCET Jammu along with other necessary utilities.
This document pertains to the structural designs carried out for a part of above
said residential
township project for various structures. The development is in the seismic Zone –
IV. The basic
wind speed at location of the development is 100 m/s. SBC of soil according to soil
investigations is 200 KN/m2. The design parameters considered are as per Indian
Standard
Code of practice.
GCET JAMMU 4
MINOR PROJECT
2.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROJECT
The water demand for various purposes to which the project satisfies are as
follows:
NO. OF STUDENTS
Day scholars water demand = 50 lphd = 50 * 800 = 40000 litres per day
Hostel water demand = 150 lphd = 150 * 500 = 75000 litres per day
Garden watering demand = 100 litres per day
GCET JAMMU 5
MINOR PROJECT
Garden Water Demand = 100 litres per day
MATERIAL PROPERTIES:
CONCRETE
All components unless specified in design: M30 grade all
STEEL
HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 500 confirming to IS: 1786 is used
throughout.
GCET JAMMU 6
MINOR PROJECT
CHAPTER 3
DESIGN PARAMETERS
3. DESIGN PARAMETERS
The program contains a number of parameters that are needed to perform design as
per IS:
13920. It accepts all parameters that are needed to perform design as per IS: 456.
Over and
above it has some other parameters that are required only when designed is
performed as per
IS: 13920. Default parameter values have been selected such that they are
frequently used
numbers for conventional design requirements. These values may be changed to suit
the
particular design being performed by this manual contains a complete list of the
available
parameters and their default values. It is necessary to declare length and force
units as
Millimeter and Newton before performing the concrete design.
Beams are designed for flexure, shear and torsion. If required the effect of the
axial force may
be taken into consideration. For all these forces, all active beam loadings are
prescanned to
identify the critical load cases at different sections of the beams. For design to
be performed as
per IS: 13920 the width of the member shall not be less than 200mm.
Also the member shall preferably have a width-to depth ratio of more than 0.3.
Design procedure is same as that for IS: 456. However while designing following
criteria are
satisfied as per IS: 13920
1. The minimum grade of concrete shall preferably be M25.
2. Steel reinforcements of grade Fe415 or less only shall be used.
3. The minimum tension steel ratio on any face, at any section, is
given by:
ρmin = 0.24 √fck/fy
GCET JAMMU 7
MINOR PROJECT
The maximum steel ratio on any face, at any section, is given by
ρmax = 0.025.
4. The positive steel ratio at a joint face must be at least equal to
half the negative
steel at that face.
5. The steel provided at each of the top and bottom face, at any
section, shall at
least be equal to one-fourth of the maximum negative moment steel
provided at
the face of either joint.
Columns are designed for axial forces and biaxial moments per IS 456:2000. Columns
are also
designed for shear forces. All major criteria for selecting longitudinal and
transverse
reinforcement as stipulated by IS: 456 have been taken care of in the column design
of STAAD.
However following clauses have been satisfied to incorporate provisions of IS:
13920
GCET JAMMU 8
MINOR PROJECT
6. Special confining reinforcement shall be provided over a length lo
from each
joint face, towards mid span, and on either side of any section, where
flexural
yielding may occur.
4. DESIGN OPERATIONS
These facilities may design problem. The operations to perform a design are:
Specify the members and the load cases to be considered in the design.
Specify whether to perform code checking or member selection.
Specify design parameter values, if different from the default values.
Specify whether to perform member selection by optimization.
These operations may be repeated by the user any number of times depending upon the
design
requirements. Earthquake motion often induces force large enough to cause inelastic
deformations in the structure. If the structure is brittle, sudden failure could
occur. But if the
structure is made to behave ductile, it will be able to sustain the earthquake
effects better with
some deflection larger than the yield deflection by absorption of energy. Therefore
ductility is
also required as an essential element for safety from sudden collapse during severe
shocks.
STAAD has the capabilities of performing concrete design as per IS: 13920. While
designing
it satisfies all provisions of IS: 456 - 2000 and IS: 13920 for beams and columns.
GCET JAMMU 10
MINOR PROJECT
failure by overstressing, and
failure by stability considerations.
The flowing sections describe the salient features of the allowable stresses being
calculated and
the stability criteria being used. Members are proportioned to resist the design
loads without
exceeding the allowable stresses and the most economic section is selected on the
basis of least
weight criteria. The code checking part of the program checks stability and
strength
requirements and reports the critical loading condition and the governing code
criteria. It is
generally assumed that the user will take care of the detailing requirements like
provision of
stiffeners and check the local effects such as flange buckling and web crippling.
Allowable Stresses:
The member design and code checking in STAAD are based upon the allowable stress
design
method as per IS: 800 (1984). It is a method for proportioning structural members
using design
loads and forces, allowable stresses, and design limitations for the appropriate
material under
service conditions. It would not be possible to describe every aspect of IS: 800 in
this manual.
This section, however, will discuss the salient features of the allowable stresses
specified by
IS: 800 and implemented in STAAD. Appropriate sections of IS: 800 will be
referenced during
the discussion of various types of allowable stresses.
Multiple Analyses:
Structural analysis/design may require multiple analyses in the same run. STAAD
allows the
user to change input such as member properties, support conditions etc. in an input
file to
facilitate multiple analyses in the same run. Results from different analyses may
be combined
for design purposes. For structures with bracing, it may be necessary to make
certain members
inactive for a particular load case and subsequently activate them for another.
STAAD provides
an INACTIVE facility for this type of analysis.
Slenderness ratios are calculated for all members and checked against the
appropriate
maximum values. IS: 800 summarize the maximum slenderness ratios for different
types of
members. In STAAD implementation of IS: 800, appropriate maximum slenderness ratio
can
be provided for each member. If no maximum slenderness ratio is provided,
compression
members will be checked against a maximum value of 180 and tension members will be
checked against a maximum value of 400.
This facility allows the user to consider deflection as criteria in the CODE CHECK
and
MEMBER SELECTION processes. The deflection check may be controlled using three
parameters. Deflection is used in addition to other strength and stability related
criteria. The
local deflection calculation is based on the latest analysis results.
This checks at each column / beam interface, the program checks that the capacity
of the
column exceeds the total capacity of all beams that connect to it. The earthquake
check only
uses the results from Design Groups that have Design Briefs from the selected
Design Code.
The purpose of code checking is to verify whether the specified section is capable
of satisfying
applicable design code requirements. The code checking is based on the IS: 800
(1984)
requirements. Forces and moments at specified sections of the members are utilized
for the
code checking calculations. Sections may be specified using the BEAM parameter or
the
SECTION command. If no sections are specified, the code checking is based on forces
and
moments at the member ends.
GCET JAMMU 12
MINOR PROJECT
CHAPTER 5
PROJECT ANALYSIS
This overhead tank is designed for 1,80,000 litres for the supply of water to
college and
hostel students of GCET Jammu having the following specifications:
GCET JAMMU 13
MINOR PROJECT
Average Depth = 0.75 D
�
∗ �2 * 0.75 D = 180
4
D = 6.74 m
Taking D = 8.00 m
GCET JAMMU 14
MINOR PROJECT
Total height of the overhead tank = 20m
GCET JAMMU 15
MINOR PROJECT
Fig. 5.3 : Generation of the Property of the Ring Beams
Generation of member property can be done in STAAD.Pro by using the window as shown
above. The member section is selected and the dimensions have been specified.
5.2 SUPPORTS:
The base supports of the structure were assigned as fixed. The supports were
generated using
the STAAD.Pro support generator.
The materials for the structure were specified as concrete with their various
constants as per
standard IS code of practice.
5.4 LOADING:
The loadings were calculated partially manually and rest was generated using
STAAD.Pro load
generator. The loading cases were categorized as:
1. Seismic load
2. Wind load
3. Dead load
4. Live load
5. Load combinations
The seismic load values were calculated as per IS 1893-2002. STAAD.Pro has a
seismic load
generator in accordance with the IS code mentioned.
Fig. 5.5 : STAAD utilizes the following procedure to generate the lateral
seismic loads
The wind load values were generated by the software itself in accordance with IS
875. Under
the define load command section, in the wind load category, the definition of wind
load was
supplied. The wind intensities at various heights were calculated manually and feed
to the
software. Based on those values it generates the wind load at different floors. We
consider
ASCE-7 for wind loads with basic wind speed of 50 kmph.
5.4.3.1 SELF-WEIGHT:
The self-weight of the structure can be generated by STAAD.Pro itself with the
self-weight
command given in the load case column.
Dead load from walls can also be generated by STAAD.Pro by specifying the wall
thickness.
Calculation of the load per metre was done considering the weight of wall.
Weight of the wall = density of the wall x volume of wall per unit run
The structure has been analyzed for auto load combination considering all the
previous loads
in proper ratio and generates load combination code as per Indian code under load
combination
category of general structures.
For each Code/Category, each load category can be set with one of three rules:
It will take a load combination of earthquake load, wind load, self-weight, dead
load &live
loads.
The structure was designed for concrete in accordance with IS: 456 codes. The
parameters such
as Fy, Fck, etc were specified. The window shown below is the input window for the
design
purpose. Then it has to be specified which members are to be designed as beams and
which
member are to be designed as columns.
FYMAIN: Yield Strength for main reinforcement steel (For slabs, it the
reinforcement used
in both directions)
FYSEC: Yield Strength for main reinforcement steel (Only used in beam design)
DESIGN COLUMN : Design columns for axial load plus biaxial bending
TAKE OFF : Print the total volume of concrete and weight of steel
Reinforcement for the beams, columns and elements
designed.
9. FOUNDATION DESIGN:
2. Meshing Type =
Triangular
GCET JAMMU 40
MINOR PROJECT
Fig. 9.3 : Window showing Reinforcement Zoning for Longitudinal Bottom
Zone:- 1
Governing Moment(MGOV)= -8356.881(kN-m/m)
For FC <4.0
Reinforcement Details
Bar No= 20
Maximum Spacing(Smax)(User Specified) = 500.000(mm)
Minimum Spacing(Smin)(User Specified) = 50.000(mm)
Actual Spacing (S) = 50(mm)
Smin<= S <= Smax
---------------------------------------
Zone:- 1
Governing Moment(MGOV)= -6508.275(kN-m/m)
For FC <4.0
Reinforcement Details
Bar No= 20
Maximum Spacing(Smax)(User Specified) = 500.000(mm)
Minimum Spacing(Smin)(User Specified) = 50.000(mm)
Actual Spacing (S) = 50(mm)
Smin<= S <= Smax
Fig. 10.1 : Render View of the Column Fig. 10.2 : Geometric View
of the
Type Overhead Tank Column Type Overhead Tank
GCET JAMMU 43
MINOR PROJECT
10.2 GENERATION OF MEMBER PROPERTY
10.3 LOADINGS
The loadings of the column type overhead tank is same as described in shaft type
overhead
tank.
All the design parameters of the column type of overhead tank is same as shaft type
overhead
tank except the characteristic strength of the cement is M40.
Fig. 10.7 : Max Absolute Plate Stress Contours of the Column Type Overhead
Tank
Fig. 11.5 : Bending Moment Diagram of the Ring Beam Section 1282
Footing Size
------------------------------------------------------
Pressures at Four Corner
Area of
Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at
footing in
Load Case corner 1 (q1) corner 2 (q2) corner 3 (q3) corner 4 (q4)
uplift (Au)
(kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
(m2)
GCET JAMMU 59
MINOR PROJECT
Summary of adjusted Pressures at Four Corner
Pressure at Pressure at Pressure at
Pressure at
corner 1 (q1) corner 2 (q2) corner 3 (q3)
corner 4 (q4)
Load Case
(kN/m2) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
(kN/m2)
GCET JAMMU 60
MINOR PROJECT
12 9.016 2208176.476 22851340.222
16.458
13 19.527 4725768.905 15278213.863
34.823
Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning and Sliding X
Direction
Critical Load Case And The Governing Factor Of Safety For Overturning and Sliding Z
Direction
Moment Calculation
= 0.479107
Limiting Factor1 (Kumax) =
Limiting Factor2 (Rumax) =
= 3444.291146 kN/m2
= #11
Critical Load Case
= 0.479107
Limiting Factor1 (Kumax) =
Shear Calculation
Ks = = 1.000
Ks x Tc = 1250.0000 kN/m2
Along X Axis
Bar diameter corresponding to max bar size (db) = 32 mm
As Per IS 456 2000 Clause 26.2.1
TANK TANK
5. The Foundation used for the design is The Foundation used for the
design
the Plate Section of tank is 258 mm2 the Plate Section of tank is 438
mm2
7. The area of steel in ring beam cross- The area of steel in ring beam
cross-
seen when many water tank with shaft staging suffered damage as distant as 100 km
from the
epicenter. Shaft type staging contains poor ductility of thin shell sections and in
addition to that
Lateral strength analysis of number of damaged shaft staging clearly show that all
of them are
either met or exceeded the requirements of IS: 1893(1984), however, they were all
found to be
deficient when compared with the requirements of IBC in similar seismic exposure
conditions.
IS: 1893(1984) design forces are inexcusably low for the systems which do not have
enough
ductility or redundancy.
The current design parameters seismic codes for elevated tanks result in extremely
vulnerable
developed flexural-tension cracks were observed in tanks as far as 100 km away from
epicenter
regions despite the fact that most had lateral strength far greater that that
specified by
IS:1893(1984).
the elevated water storage tanks which has the flute portion, by rendering overall
facility more
efficiently and aesthetically pleasing. The fluted portion of the tank includes a
plurality of the
stiffening rings are also included and additional floor can be included above water
stored in the
tank.
GCET JAMMU 68
MINOR PROJECT
13.1 DIAGRAMATIC COMPARISON BETWEEN SHAFT AND COLUMN TYPE
OVERHEAD TANK